DShK
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (January 2010) |
DShK | |
---|---|
Typ | Heavy machine gun |
Place of origin | Soviet Union |
Service history | |
In service | 1938 – Present |
Used by | See Users |
Wars | Winter War World War II Korean War Chinese Civil War First Indochina War Vietnam War Laotian Civil War Dhofar Rebellion Cambodian Civil War Cambodian-Vietnamese War Sino-Vietnamese War Six-Day War Yom Kippur War Iran-Iraq War The Troubles Lebanese civil war Gulf War Yugoslav wars Iraq War Afghan War Cambodian–Thai border stand-off Libyan civil war Syrian civil war Operation Enduring Freedom 2014 pro-Russian conflict in Ukraine |
Production history | |
Designer | Vasily Degtyaryov, Georgi Shpagin |
Designed | 1938 |
Manufacturer | Tula |
Unit cost | $2250 USD (2012) |
No. built | 1 million |
Variants | DK, DShKM, DSHKS, Type 54 HMG |
Specifications | |
Mass | 34 kg (74.96 lb) (gun only) 157 kg (346.13 lb) on wheeled mounting |
Length | 1,625 mm (64.0 in) |
Barrel length | 1,070 mm (42.1 in) |
Crew | 1+ |
Cartridge | 12.7×108mm |
Action | gas-operated reloading locking flaps |
Rate of fire | 600 rounds/min |
Muzzle velocity | 850 m/s (2,788 ft/s) |
Effective firing range | 2000 m |
Maximum firing range | 2500 m |
Feed system | 50 round belt |
Sights | Iron/Optical |
The DShK 1938 (ДШК, for Дегтярёва-Шпагина Крупнокалиберный, Degtyaryova-Shpagina Krupnokaliberny, 'Degtyaryov-Shpagin Large-Calibre') is a Soviet heavy machine gun firing the 12.7×108mm cartridge. The weapon was also used as a heavy infantry machine gun, in which case it was frequently deployed with a two-wheeled mounting and a single-sheet armour-plate shield. It took its name from the weapons designers Vasily Degtyaryov, who designed the original weapon, and Georgi Shpagin, who improved the cartridge feed mechanism. It is sometimes nicknamed Dushka (lit. "Sweetie", "Dear"), from the abbreviation.
History
The requirement for a heavy machine gun appeared in 1929. The first such gun, the Degtyaryov, Krupnokalibernyi (DK, Degtyaryov, Large calibre), was built in 1930 and this gun was produced in small quantities from 1933 to 1935.
The gun was fed from a drum magazine of only thirty rounds, and had a poor rate of fire. Shpagin developed a belt feed mechanism to fit to the DK giving rise, in 1938, to the adoption of the gun as the DShK 1938. This became the standard Soviet heavy machine gun in World War II.
Like its U.S. equivalent, the M2 Browning, the DShK 1938 was used in several roles. As an anti-aircraft weapon it was mounted on pintle and tripod mounts, and on a triple mount on the GAZ-AA truck. Late in the war, it was mounted on the cupolas of IS-2 tanks and ISU-152 self-propelled guns. As an infantry heavy support weapon it used a two-wheeled trolley which unfolded into a tripod for anti-aircraft use, similar to the mount developed by Vladimirov for the 1910 Maxim gun.[1] It was also mounted in vehicle turrets, for example, in the T-40 light amphibious tank.
In 1946, the DShK 1938/46 or DShKM (M for modernized) version was introduced.
In addition to the Soviet Union and Russia, the DShK has been manufactured under license by a number of countries, including the People's Republic of China, Pakistan and Romania. Today, it has been mostly replaced in favour of the more modern NSV and Kord designs. Nevertheless, the DShK is still one of the most widely used heavy machine guns.
In June 1988, during the conflict in Northern Ireland known as the Troubles, a British Army Westland Lynx helicopter was hit 15 times by two Provisional IRA DShKs smuggled in from Libya and forced to crash-land near Cashel Lough Upper, south County Armagh.[2]
DShKs were also used in 2004, against British troops in Al-Amarah, Iraq.[3]
In the 2012 Syrian civil war, the Syrian government said rebels used the gun mounted on cars. It claimed to have destroyed, on the same day, 40 such cars on a highway in Aleppo and six in Dael.[4]
Users
- Afghanistan[5]
- Albanien[5]
- Algerien[5]
- Angola[5]
- Armenien[5]
- Aserbaidschan[5]
- Bangladesch[5]
- Weißrussland[5]
- Bulgarien[5]
- Kambodscha[5]
- Kap Verde[5]
- Zentralafrikanische Republik[5]
- Tschad[5]
- Chile[6]
- Congo-Brazzaville[5]
- Cuba[5]
- Zypern[5]
- Czechoslovakia: Produced DShKM variant.[7] (former user)
- Tschechische Republik[5]
- Democratic Republic of Congo[5]
- Ägypten[5]
- Äquatorial-Guinea[5]
- Eritrea[5]
- Äthiopien[5]
- Finnland[5]
- Georgien[5]
- Ghana[5]
- Guinea[5]
- Guinea-Bissau[5]
- Ungarn[5]
- Indonesien[5]
- Iran: Manufactured DShKM variant.[8]
- Iraq[5] called the "Doshka" by Iraqis
- Israel[5]
- Kasachstan[5]
- Kirgisistan[5]
- Laos[5]
- Libyen[5]
- Litauen[5]
- Mazedonien[5]
- Madagaskar[5]
- Mali[5] - Armed and Security Forces of Mali
- Malta[5]
- Mongolei[9]
- Mosambik[5]
- Nicaragua[5]
- Nigeria[5]
- North Korea[5]
- North Vietnam[7](former user)
- Pakistan: Used by the Pakistan Army. DShKM variant produced locally.[10][11]
- People's Republic of China: Produced DShKM variant.[7]
- Peru[5]
- Polen[12]
- Rumänien
- Russian Federation[5]
- Serbien[5]
- Seychellen[5]
- Sierra Leone[5]
- Slowakei[5]
- Somalia[5]
- Soviet Union[7]
- Syria[5]
- Tansania[5]
- Togo[5]
- Turkmenistan[5]
- Uganda[5]
- Ukraine[5]
- Vietnam[5]
- Jemen[5]
- Yugoslavia: Manufactured DShKM variant.[8] (former user)
- Sambia[5]
- Simbabwe[5]
Non-state users
- Iraqi insurgency[3]
- Provisional IRA[13]
- Viet Cong: Extensively used during the Vietnam War.[7]
- Anti-Gaddafi forces: Used along with other heavy automatic weapons mounted on technicals during the Libyan civil war.[14]
- Syrian opposition in the Syrian civil war[4]
Gallery
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DShKM TR-85M1
-
DShKM URO VAMTAC
-
DShKM T-55
-
DShK M1938
-
DShKM anti-aircraft machine gun on a T-55 tank loader's roof hatch.
-
Iranian soldier with DShKM, Iran-Iraq War.
See also
- FN BRG-15
- KPV heavy machine gun
- Kord machine gun
- M2 Browning machine gun
- NSV machine gun
- List of Russian weaponry
References
- ^ http://www.jaegerplatoon.net/AAMG.htm
- ^ Harnden, Toby (2000).Bandit Country:The IRA and South Armagh. Coronet Books, pp. 360-361 ISBN 0-340-71737-8
- ^ a b Mills, Dan (2007). "16". Sniper One. Penguin Group. p. 192. ISBN 978-0-7181-4994-9.
They were Dshkes, a Russian-made beast of a thing that fires half-inch calibre rounds and was designed to bring down helicopters.
- ^ a b (SANA)
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi Jones, Richard D.; Ness, Leland S., eds. (January 27, 2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 (35th ed.). Coulsdon: Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5.
- ^ Gander, Terry J.; Hogg, Ian V. Jane's Infantry Weapons 1995/1996. Jane's Information Group; 21 edition (May 1995). ISBN 978-0-7106-1241-0.
- ^ a b c d e Miller, David (2001). The Illustrated Directory of 20th Century Guns. London: Salamander Books Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84065-245-1.
- ^ a b G3 Defence Magazine August 2010
- ^ Mongolian military museum. Ulaanbaatar. Sights of intersest
- ^ O'Halloran, Kevin. Rwanda: Unamir 1994/1995. Big Sky Publishing. ISBN 9781921941481.
- ^ "12.7mm DShK heavy machinegun". Retrieved 15 May 2013.
- ^ http://gdziewojsko.wordpress.com/targi/wyposazenie-wojsk-ladowych-rp/
- ^ uncovering the irish republican army pbs.org
- ^ Al-Jazeera coverage of Libyan uprising Youtube.com
Further reading
- Leszek Erenfeicht (29 August 2012) "Dushka: The Soviet Fifty Caliber", Small Arms Defense Journal, Vol. 4, No. 3
- Koll, Christian (2009). Soviet Cannon - A Comprehensive Study of Soviet Arms and Ammunition in Calibres 12.7mm to 57mm. Austria: Koll. p. 53. ISBN 978-3-200-01445-9.
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External links
- DShK and DShKM at guns.ru.
- Video of Operation