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Southend-on-Sea

Coordinates: 51°32′16″N 0°42′50″E / 51.53789°N 0.71377°E / 51.53789; 0.71377
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Southend-on-Sea
Borough of Southend-on-Sea
Town, unitary authority area & Borough
Aerial view of Southend-on-Sea
Aerial view of Southend-on-Sea
Official logo of Southend-on-Sea
Southend-on-Sea Borough Council
(Civic arms of Southend-on-Sea)
Motto(s): 
Per Mare Per Ecclesiam
(By Sea, By Church)
Shown within Essex
Shown within Essex
LandVereinigtes Königreich
Constituent CountryEngland
RegionEast
Ceremonial CountyEssex
Unitary AuthoritySouthend
Regierung
 • LeadershipLeader & Cabinet
 • Governing BodySouthend-on-Sea Borough Council
 • ExecutiveNo overall control
 • MPsDavid Amess (C)
James Duddridge (C)
Area
 • Total41.76 km2 (16.12 sq mi)
Population
 • TotalRanked 116th
180,915
 • Density4,341/km2 (11,240/sq mi)
 • Ethnicity[1]
93.6% White
2.5% S.Asian
1.5% Black
1.4% Mixed Race
Time zoneUTC+0 (GMT)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+1 (British Summer Time)
Grid referenceTQ883856
ONS code00KF (ONS)
E06000033 (GSS)
Websitewww.southend.gov.uk

Southend-on-Sea (pronunciationⓘ) is a seaside resort town and wider unitary authority area with borough status, in Essex, England, on the north side of the Thames estuary 40 miles (64 km) east of central London. It is bordered to the north by Rochford and to the west by Castle Point. It is home to the longest leisure pier in the world, Southend Pier.[2] London Southend Airport is located 1.5 NM (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) north of the town centre.

History

Originally the "south end" of the village of Prittlewell, Southend was originally home to a few poor fisherman huts and farms that lay at the southern extremity of Prittlewell Priory land. In the 1790's landowner Daniel Scratton sold off land either side of what was to become the High Street, and the the Grand Hotel (now Royal Hotel) and Grove Terrace (now Royal Terrace) were completed by 1794.[3] Unfortunately due to the bad transportation links between Southend and London, the seaside resort did not take off during the Georgian Era like Brighton. It was the coming of the railways in the 19th Century and the visit of Princess Caroline of Brunswick that Southend's status of a Seaside resort grew. During the 19th century Southend's pier was first constructed and the Clifftown development built[4], attracting many tourists in the summer months to its seven miles of beaches and bathing in the sea. Good rail connections and proximity to London mean that much of the economy has been based on tourism, and that Southend has been a dormitory town for city workers ever since. Southend Pier is the world's longest pleasure pier at 1.34 mi (2.16 km).[2] It has suffered fires and ship collisions, most recently in October 2005,[5] but the basic pier structure has been repaired each time. There has been significant loss of pier-head facilities since the major fire in 1976.

Southend, like many other British seaside resorts, went into decline as a holiday destination from the 1960s, since flights and hence holidays abroad became more affordable, but Southend reinvented itself as the Home of the Access (credit card) due to it having one of the UK's first electronic telephone exchanges (it is still home to RBS Card Services - one of the former members of Access). Since then, much of the town centre has been developed for commerce and retail, and during the 1960s many original structures were lost to redevelopment. However, about 6.4 million tourists still visit Southend per year, generating estimated revenues of £200 million a year. H.M. Revenue & Customs (HMRC), (formerly H.M. Customs and Excise), are major employers in the town, and the central offices for the collection of VAT are located on Victoria Avenue. The University of Essex, Southend Campus has been developed locally to provide higher education facilities and to assist in boosting the economy. Southend also has over 80 parks and green spaces and 14 conservation areas.

There are nine railway stations on two lines within the borough which connect it to London.

Governance

Local government district

Southend-on-Sea was formed as a municipal borough in 1892 with the functions of local government shared with Essex County Council. In 1913 the borough was enlarged by the former area of Leigh on Sea Urban District. In 1914 the enlarged Southend gained the status of county borough, exempt from county council control and a single-tier of local government. The county borough was enlarged in 1933 by the former area of Shoeburyness Urban District and part of Rochford Rural District.

In 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, Southend became a district of Essex with borough status, however in 1998 it again became the single tier of local government when it became a unitary authority.[6]

Council

Southend – Civic Centre Autumn 2007
See also: Southend-on-Sea Borough Council and Southend-on-Sea local elections

Seventeen wards each return three councillors, a total of 51. Councillors serve four years and one third of the council is elected each year, followed by one year without election. Following the 2014 election results, the composition of the council is:[7]

Affiliation Councillors
Template:British politics/party colours/Conservative|  Conservative Party 19
Template:British politics/party colours/Liberal Democrat|  Liberal Democrats 5
  Independent 13
Template:British politics/party colours/Labour|  Labour Party 9
Template:British politics/party colours/UKIP|  UKIP 5

The Southend-on-Sea Borough Council has been controlled by the Conservative Party since they gained control in the 2000 election; they maintained a minority administration after the 2012 local elections. Most day-to-day decisions are by an eight member executive headed by the council leader.

The Latin motto, 'Per Mare Per Ecclesiam', emblazoned on the municipal coat of arms, translates as 'By [the] Sea, By [the] Church', reflecting Southend's position between the church at Prittlewell and the sea as in the Thames estuary. The town is twinned with the resort of Sopot in Poland, and has been developing three-way associations with Lake Worth, Florida. Sopot has the longest wooden pier in Europe, Southend the longest iron pleasure pier in the world.

Southend Borough Council was criticised as one of the worst financially managed local authorities in England by the Audit Commission report for 2006/7 one of three to gain only one of four stars, the others being Liverpool and the Isles of Scilly. Areas of criticism were the use of consultants and the spending of £3.5 million on taxis during the 2006/7 financial year.[8]

However, in March 2012, Southend Borough Council was awarded the title of 'Council of the Year 2012' by the Local Government Chronicle.[9]

Members of Parliament

Main articles: Rochford and Southend East (UK Parliament constituency) and Southend West (UK Parliament constituency)

Southend is represented by two MPs at Westminster.

The MP for Southend West since 1997 has been David Amess (Conservative) who replaced Paul Channon.

Since 2005 the MP for Rochford and Southend East has been James Duddridge (Conservative), who replaced Sir Teddy Taylor. Despite its name the majority of the constituency is in Southend, Rochford makes up only a small part and the majority of Rochford District Council is represented in the Rayleigh constituency. Both Southend seats are considered safe for the Conservative Party.

Demographics

Southend is the seventh most densely populated area in the United Kingdom outside of the London Boroughs, with 38.8 people per hectare compared to a national average of 3.77. In mid-2006, 18% of the population was aged under 15, with the same proportion being aged over 65. The proportion of people aged 55–64 was 12%.[3]

The Department for Communities and Local Government's 2010 Indices of Multiple Deprivation [4] data showed that Southend is one of Essex's most deprived areas. Out of 32,482 Lower Super Output Areas in England, area 014D in the Kursaal ward is 99th, area 015B in Milton ward is 108th, area 010A in Victoria ward is 542nd, and area 009D in Southchurch ward is 995th, as well as an additional 5 areas all within the top 10% most deprived areas in England (with the most deprived area having a rank of 1 and the least deprived a rank of 32,482). [5] Victoria and Milton wards have the highest percentage of ethnic minority population. Southend has the highest percentage of residents receiving housing benefit (19%) and the third highest percentage of residents receiving council tax benefit in Essex.

Save the Children's research data shows that for 2008/2009, Southend had 4,000 children living in poverty, a rate of 12%, the same as Thurrock, but above the 11% child poverty rate of the rest of Essex. [6]

Economy

This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of Southend-on-Sea at current basic prices published (pp. 240–253) by Office for National Statistics with figures in millions of British Pounds Sterling.

Year Regional Gross Value Added[10] Agriculture[11] Industry[12] Services[13]
1995 1,373 2 305 1,066
2000 1,821 1 375 1,445
2003 2,083 - 418 1,665

In 2006 major travel insurance company InsureandGo relocated its offices from Braintree to Southend-on-Sea. The company brought with it 300 new jobs for the area.[14]

Transport

Southend Victoria Station

Railways

Southend Cliff Railway

Southend is served by two National Rail lines. Running from Southend Victoria north out of the town is the Liverpool Street line, a branch of the Great Eastern Main Line operated by Greater Anglia. The services operate to London Liverpool Street via Prittlewell, Southend Airport, Rochford, Hockley, Rayleigh, Wickford, Billericay, Shenfield and Stratford.

The London, Tilbury and Southend Railway, the Fenchurch Street line, is operated by c2c and runs from Shoeburyness in the east of the borough, west through Thorpe Bay, Southend East, Southend Central to Fenchurch Street in London via Benfleet and Basildon or Tilbury and Barking. Additionally, two services from Southend Central each weekday evening terminate at Liverpool Street.

From 1910 to 1939 the London Underground's District line's eastbound service ran as far as Southend and Shoeburyness.[15]

Besides its main line railway connections, Southend is also the home of two smaller railways. The Southend Pier Railway provides transport along the length of Southend Pier, whilst the nearby Southend Cliff Railway provides a connection from the promenade to the cliff top above.[16]

Road

Two A-roads connect Southend with London and the rest of the country, the A127 (The Southend Arterial Road), via Basildon and Romford, and the A13, via Tilbury and London Docklands. Both are major routes. However, within the borough, the A13 is a single carriageway local route, whereas the A127 is almost entirely dual carriageway. Both lead to the M25 and eventually London.

No To Mob patrols warn motorists of the presence of active council parking enforcement CCTV vans.[17]

Buses

Local public transport is by two main bus companies, Arriva Southend (formerly the council-owned Southend Corporation Transport) and First Essex Buses (formerly NBC/Thamesway). Minor companies include Stephensons of Essex, and Regal Busways.

London Southend Airport

Southend Airport prior to the runway extension
Main article: London Southend Airport

London Southend Airport was developed from the military airfield at Rochford, opened as a civil airport in 1935, and now offers scheduled flights to destinations across Europe, corporate and recreational flights, aircraft maintenance and pilot training. Developments since 2011 include an ATC control tower, a new railway station, a new terminal opened alongside the station, and the runway has been extended by 300 metres (980 ft).

Bildung

See also: List of schools in Southend-on-Sea

Secondary schools

All mainstream secondary schools are mixed-sex comprehensives, including Belfairs Academy, Cecil Jones College, Chase High School, Futures Community College, Shoeburyness High School, The Eastwood Academy and King John School

In 2004, Southend retained the grammar school system and has four such schools: Southend High School for Boys, Southend High School for Girls, Westcliff High School for Boys and Westcliff High School for Girls.

Additionally there are two single-sex schools assisted by the Roman Catholic Church: St Bernard's High School for Girls and St Thomas More High School for Boys. Both, while not grammar schools, contain a grammar stream; entrance is by the same exam as grammar schools.

Further and higher education

The main higher education provider in Southend is the University of Essex. The University established a campus in Southend. The detail of the campus could be found here: http://www.essex.ac.uk/about/campuses/southend/.

In addition, a number of secondary schools offer further education, but the largest provider is South Essex College,[18] in a new building in the centre of town. Formerly known as South East Essex College, the college changed name in January 2010 following a merger with Thurrock and Basildon College.[19] South Essex College offers 30-degree courses matriculated by the University of Essex, as well as a number of weekend and evening courses. The university's centre in the town is a single building on the High Street.[20] The university has built its own centre in Southend, next to the college building on the site of the Odeon cinema. These buildings form the first two phases of the Southend Campus. Additionally, there is SEEVIC College. The East 15 Acting School, a drama school, has its second campus there. Also available is the excellent Southend Adult Community College.

Sport

Southend – Leisure and Tennis Centre

Southend has two football teams, one of league stature, Southend United, managed by Phil Brown. The other, Southend Manor, play in the Essex Senior League. United competed in Football League One (the third highest division of the English football league system) after being relegated after finishing third from bottom of Football League Championship at the end of the 2006–07 season. They now Play in Football League Two having been relegated again after finishing 23rd at the end of the 2009–10 season.

There are two rugby union clubs with nationwide profile,[citation needed] Southend RFC and Westcliff R.F.C., Southend having the superior men's first team (playing in National League 2 South). Essex County Cricket Club play in Southend one week a season. Previously the festival was at Southchurch Park, but it has moved to Garon Park. The only other cricket is local.

Old Southendians Hockey Club are based at Warner's Bridge in Southend.

The eight-lane, floodlit, synthetic athletics track at Southend Leisure and Tennis Centre is home to Southend-on-Sea Athletic Club. The facilities include all track and field events.[21]

Entertainment and culture

Southend Pleasure Pier

Main article: Southend Pier
Southend on Sea from one mile out along the pier, the world's longest pleasure pier

Southend-on-Sea is home to the world's longest pleasure pier, built in 1830 and stretching some 1.33 miles from shore.[22] Since 1986, a diesel-hydraulic railway has run the length of the pier, replacing the electric service which opened in 1890. The pier has been beset by fires; a fire in 1995 destroyed the bowling alley at the start of the pier and another fire in October 2005 damaged the far end of the pier. The pier was also run through by a boat in 1984.

The Kursaal

Main article: Kursaal (amusement park)

The Kursaal was one of the earliest theme parks, built at the start of the 20th century. It closed in the 1970s and much of the land was developed as housing. The entrance hall, a listed building, is a bowling alley arcade operated by Megabowl and casino.

The Cliff Lift

Main article: Southend Cliff Railway

A short funicular railway, constructed in 1912, links the seafront to the High Street level of the town. The lift re-opened to the public in 2010, following a period of refurbishment.[23]

Other seafront attractions

The sunset in Southend, a view of Adventure Island in 2007

The town is known for its seafront and attractions.

An amusement park, formerly known as Peter Pan's Playground, straddles the pier entrance. Peter Pan's Playground was eventually renamed Adventure Island as its size and popularity grew, and has since grown into a large amusement park with over 50 rides. The seafront also houses the "Sea-Life Adventure" aquarium, owned by the Miller family, who also own Adventure Island.

The cliff gardens, which included Never Never Land and a Victorian bandstand were an attraction until slippage in 2003 made parts of the cliffs unstable, and the bandstand has been removed. The council has re-erected the bandstand in priory park but may return to the cliffs. Beaches include Three Shells and Jubilee Beach.

A modern vertical lift links the base of the High Street with the seafront and the new pier entrance. The older Southend Cliff Railway, a short funicular, is a few hundred metres away.

Art on the Railings is a regular exhibition for local artists who display their work on Pier Hill.

The London to Southend Classic Car run takes place each summer and features classic cars which line the seafront.

The Southend Shakedown, organised by Ace Cafe, is an annual event featuring motorbikes and scooters. There are other scooter runs throughout the year, including the Great London Rideout, which arrives at Southend seafront each year.[24]

Shopping

On the second and fourth Saturdays of the month, Southend hosts a farmers' market.[25]

There are regular vintage fairs and markets in Southend, held at a variety of locations including the Leigh Community Centre, The Kursaal and The Railway Hotel.

The High Street has hosted a market every Thursday since 2013.

A record fair is frequently held at West Leigh Schools, Ronald Hill Grove, Leigh on Sea.

Southend High Street runs from the top of Pier Hill in the South, to Victoria Circus in the north. It currently has two shopping centre's - The Victoria (built during the 1960s and a replacement for the old Talza arcade) and The Royals (built late 1980s). Southend High Street has many chain stores. This was not always the case with many independent stores closing in the 1970s and 1980s - Keddies, J L Dixons (department store), Brightwells, Garons, Owen Wallis, Bearmans & R A Jones being the most notable. One Southend family business that started in 1937 is still going and has grown into Dixons Retail.

The borough of Southend has shopping in other areas too. Leigh Broadway and Leigh Road in Leigh-on-Sea, Hamlet Court Road in Westcliff-on-Sea, Southchurch Road and London Road are were many of Southend's independent business now reside.

Festival events

An airshow, dubbed Festival of the Air in 2009, use to place each May. Starting in 1986 – the first show starred a Concorde flypast whilst on a passenger charter flight – the show was one of Europe's largest free airshows and features high-speed military jets and sports aerobatic displays, which fly over the sea, parallel with the seafront. The RAF Falcons parachute display team and RAF Red Arrows jet aerobatics team were regular visitors to the show.[26] The show has not been run since 2012 due to lack of sponsorship.

Each August Southend Carnival opens along the "Golden Mile" with the lighting of the Southend Illuminations.

The Southend-on-Sea Film Festival is an annual event that began in 2009 and is run by The White Bus who are based at TAP, Old Water Works in Southend. Ray Winstone attended the opening night gala in both 2010 and 2011, and has become the Festival Patron.[27]

The films shown are a combination of world cinema, independent cinema, documentaries, children's films, sing-a-longs, popular classics, and British noir. The Festival usually takes place over 5 days in spring, at the Palace Theatre, Park Inn Palace Hotel, and the Southend Central Museum and Planetarium. Fringe events including musical performances take place at a variety of locations in Southend.[28]

Leigh Folk Festival is a three-day event each summer in Old Leigh, featuring live music by the sea.

Leigh on Sea Fishing Festival is held in Old Leigh and is organised by local fishermen. It provides an opportunity to see the port in action and taste the local catch.

Old Leigh Regatta was re-estabilished in the 1970s and takes place every September. It is a family event with stalls, dancing, local food, music, and water activities. The boat and yacht racing is started by a minature cannon, made at the former Leigh foundry.

Art, galleries and museums

Focal Point Gallery is South Essex's gallery for contemporary visual art, promoting and commissioning major solo exhibitions, group and thematic shows, a programme of events including performances, film screenings and talks, as well as offsite projects and temporary public artworks. The organisation is funded by Southend-on-Sea Borough Council and Arts Council England.

Southend Museums Service, part of Southend on Sea Borough Council, operates a number of historic attractions, an art gallery and a museum in the town. These include: The Beecroft Art Gallery, Southchurch Hall, Prittlewell Priory and the Central Museum on Victoria Avenue.[29]

Leigh Art Trail began in 1997, and each year local artists display their work at a variety of locations through Leigh Broadway and in Old Leigh.

Westcliff Art Trail began in 2008 and follows a similar format to the Leigh Art Trail, with local artists showcasing their work in Westcliff shops, cafes and bars.

Theatres

There are three theatres. The Cliffs Pavilion is a large building to host concerts and performances on ice. The most recent theatre is the New Empire Theatre. It is, unlike the other two, privately owned. It is used more by amateur groups. The theatre was converted from the ABC Cinema, which was originally a theatre built in 1896. The New Empire theatre closed in 2009. The Edwardian Palace Theatre is a grade II building built in 1912. It shows plays from professional troupes and repertory groups, as well as comedy acts. The theatre has two circles and the steepest rake in Britain. Part of the theatre was a smaller venue called The Dixon Studio. Musical shows are also shown at the Plaza, a Christian community centre and concert hall based on Southchurch Road, which was formerly a cinema.

Cinema

Southend currently has one cinema - the Odeon Multiplex at Victoria Circus which has 6 screens. The borough of Southend had at one time a total of 18 cinema theatres[30], with the most famous being the Odeon (formerly the Astoria Theatre), which hosted live entertainment including the Beatles and Laurel and Hardy[31]. Unfortunately this building no longer stands, and was replaced by the Southend Campus of the University of Essex.

Music

Junk Club was predominantly held in the basement at The Royal Hotel between 2001 – 2006. The underground club night played and eclectic mix from Post Punk to Acid House, 60's Psychedelia to Electro. It was noted as spearheading what became known as the Southend Scene and was featured in the NME, Dazed & Confused, ID, Rolling Stone, Guardian and Vogue.[32] Bands associated with the scene included; The Horrors, These New Puritans, The Violets, Ipso Facto, Neils Children and The Errorplains. The independent record label DiscError Recordings was set up by local designer Discordo who put together artwork for many of the new wave of Southend bands. Southend has three major venues; Chinnerys, The Riga Club (formerly at the Cricketers Pub London Road) at O'Neills, and the Cliffs Pavilion. All have hosted appearances from a large number of artistes. The Railway Hotel is a live music pub, which features a variety of acts, as well as curating the Southend Pier Festival. There have also been a number of popular music videos filmed in Southend,[33] by such bands as Oasis, Morrissey, George Michael and many more, featuring Southend-on-Sea's various landmarks and attractions.

Other Bands and musicians originating from Southend include; Danielle Dax, The Kursaal Flyers, Scroobius Pip, Procol Harum, Eddie and the Hot Rods, Busted.

Radio

In 1981, Southend became the home of Essex Radio, which broadcast from studios below Clifftown Road. In 2004, the renamed Essex FM, now Heart Essex moved to studios in Chelmsford.

On 28 March 2008, Southend got its own radio station for the first time which is also shared with Chelmsford Radio formerly known as Dream 107.7 FM and Chelmer FM before that, Southend Radio started broadcasting on 105.1FM from purpose built studios adjacent to the Adventure Island theme park.[34]

Places of worship

There are numerous churches around the borough catering to different Christian denominations. There are also two synagogues, one for orthodox Jews, in Westcliff, and a reform synagogue in Chalkwell. Three mosques provide for Muslim population; one run by the Bangladeshi community, where sermon is given in Bengali as well as English and the mandatory Arabic. The others, both run by the Pakistani community, provide sermons in Urdu and Arabic, and English and Arabic.

York Road Market

Demolition of the historic market began on 23 April 2010 despite the attempts of locals to have the building renovated. The location is now home to a car park. A temporary market was held there every Friday until 2012.[35] As of 2013, a market is now held in the High Street every Thursday with over 30 stalls.

Notable people

References

  1. ^ Lead View Table
  2. ^ a b David Else, ed. (2009). England. Lonely Planet travel guide (5th ed.). Lonely Planet. p. 445. ISBN 1-74104-590-8.
  3. ^ http://navalmilitaryclubsouthend.webs.com/abriefhistoryofsouthend.htm
  4. ^ http://clifftowntheatre.co.uk/aboutus.html
  5. ^ "Fire burns through Southend Pier". CBBC Newsround. 10 October 2005. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
  6. ^ James Bettley (2007). Nikolaus Pevsner (ed.). Essex. Pevsner Architectural Guides: The Buildings of England. Yale University Press. pp. 690–691. ISBN 0-300-11614-4.
  7. ^ http://www.southend.gov.uk/info/200400/elections_and_registering_to_vote/308/election_results
  8. ^ Laura Smith (30 January 2008). "Echo News – Official: Council is wasting our cash". Retrieved 21 July 2008.
  9. ^ Uncited (14 March 2012). "Southend Council wins council of the year at Local Government Chronicle awards". Retrieved 8 April 2013.
  10. ^ Components may not sum to totals due to rounding
  11. ^ includes hunting and forestry
  12. ^ includes energy and construction
  13. ^ includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured
  14. ^ Gazette-news.co.uk
  15. ^ John Robert Day, John Reed (2005). The story of London's underground (9 ed.). Capital Transport. p. 66. ISBN 978-1-85414-289-4.
  16. ^ "Southend Cliff Railway". The Heritage Trail. Retrieved 15 May 2009.
  17. ^ The Southend Standard, 18 June 2012
  18. ^ Southend.ac.uk
  19. ^ Sarfend.co.uk
  20. ^ Essex.ac.uk
  21. ^ SAC Official Club Website
  22. ^ Southend Pleasure Pier.
  23. ^ "Historic cliff lift reopens following refurbishment". BBC Essex. 25 May 2010. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
  24. ^ Echo-news report on the Southend Shakedown
  25. ^ Essex Farmers Markets
  26. ^ Airshow website (Retrieved 2 June 2009)
  27. ^ [1]
  28. ^ [2]
  29. ^ "Southend Museums". Southend Museums Service. Retrieved 12 March 2013.
  30. ^ http://www.southendtimeline.com/cinemas.htm
  31. ^ http://piley.blogspot.co.uk/2010/08/more-memories-of-southend-cinema.html
  32. ^ 'The beach boys', Guardian Unlimited Arts article on the scene
  33. ^ "Music Videos Shot in Southend", Love Southend
  34. ^ Sarfend.co.uk's page on Radio in Southend
  35. ^ Echo-news.co.uk
  36. ^ http://fieldmuseum.org/users/robert-martin
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51°32′16″N 0°42′50″E / 51.53789°N 0.71377°E / 51.53789; 0.71377

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