List of Spanish inventors and discoverers
This is a list of Spanish inventors and discoverers
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A
- José de Acosta (1540–1600), one of the first naturalists and anthropologists of the Americas. [1]
- José María Algué (1856–1930), meteorologist, inventor of the barocyclometer, the nephoscope, and the microseismograph. [2][3]
- Jerónimo de Ayanz y Beaumont (1553–1613), registered design for steam-powered water pump for use in mines (1606). [4]
- Martín de Azpilicueta (1492–1586), economist, member of the School of Salamanca, precursor of the quantitative theory of money. [5]
B
- Ignacio Barraquer (1884–1965), leading ophthalmologist, pioneer of cataract surgery. [6]
- José Ignacio Barraquer (1916–1998), leading ophthalmologist, father of modern refractive surgery, he invented the microkeratome and the cryolathe, developed the surgical procedures of keratomileusis and keratophakia. [7][8]
C
- Ángel Cabrera (1879–1960), naturalist, investigated the South-American fauna. [9]
- Nicolás Cabrera (1913–1989), physicist, did important work on the theories of crystal growth and the oxidisation of metals. [10][11]
- Celedonio Calatayud (1880-1931) pioneered the use of radiology and electrology in Europe for both diagnostics and therapeutical purposes, introducing radiotherapy in Spain in 1906. [12]
- Juan de la Cierva (1895–1936), aeronautical engineer, pioneer of rotary flight, inventor of the autogyro. [13]
- Juan Ignacio Cirac Sasturain (born 1965), one of the pioneers of the field of quantum computing and quantum information theory. [14]
- Josep Comas i Solà (1868–1937), astronomer, discovered the periodic comet 32P/Comas Solá and 11 asteroids, and in 1907 observed limb darkening of Saturn's moon Titan (the first evidence that the body had an atmosphere). [15]
D
- Pedro Duque (born 1963), astronaut and veteran of two space missions. [16]
E
- Fausto de Elhúyar (1755–1833), chemist, joint discoverer of tungsten with his brother Juan José de Elhúyar in 1783. [17]
F
- Carlos Fernández Casado (1905–1988), civil engineer, designer and builder of bridges and viaducts. [18]
- Jaime Ferrán (1852–1929), doctor and researcher, discovered several vaccines. [19]
G
- Manuel García (1805-1906) singer, music educator, and vocal pedagogue, inventor of the first laryngoscope. [20]
H
- Francisco Hernández (1514–1587), botanicist, carried out important research about the Mexican flora. [21]
J
- Manuel Jalón Corominas (1925–2011), inventor of the mop (1956) and a worldwide used "two-piece" disposable syringe (1978). [22]
- Carlos Jiménez Díaz (1898–1967), doctor and researcher, leading figure in pathology. [23]
M
- Gregorio Marañón (1887–1960), doctor and researcher, leading figure in endocrinology. [24]
- Narcís Monturiol (1818–1885), physicist and inventor, pioneer of underwater navigation and first machine powered submarine. [25][26]
- José Celestino Bruno Mutis (1732–1808), botanicist, doctor, philosopher and mathematician, carried out relevant research about the American flora, founded one of the first astronomic observatories in America (1762). [27]
O
- Severo Ochoa (1905–1993), doctor and biochemist, achieved the synthesis of ribonucleic acid (RNA), Nobel prize Laureate (1959). [28]
- Mateu Orfila (1787–1853), doctor and chemist, father of modern toxicology, leading figure in forensic toxicology. [29]
- Joan Oró (1923–2004), biochemist, carried out important research about the origin of life, he worked with NASA on the Viking missions. [30]
P
- Julio Palacios Martínez (1891–1970), physicist and mathematician. [31]
- Isaac Peral (1851–1895), engineer and sailor, designer of the first fully operative military submarine. [32]
R
- Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934), father of Neuroscience, Nobel prize Laureate (1906). [33]
- Julio Rey Pastor (1888–1962), mathematician, leading figure in geometry. [34]
- Wifredo Ricart (1897–1974), engineer, designer and executive manager in the automotive industry. [35]
- Andrés Manuel del Río (1764–1849), geologist and chemist, discovered vanadium (as vanadinite) in 1801. [36]
- Pío del Río Hortega (1882–1945), neuroscientist, discoverer of the microglia or Hortega cell. [37]
- Félix Rodríguez de la Fuente (1928–1980), naturalist, leading figure in ornithology, ethology, ecology and science divulgation. [38]
- Ángela Ruiz Robles (1895-1975) teacher, writer and inventor, pioneer of the electronic book. [39]
S
- Margarita Salas (born 1938), biochemist, molecular genetist and researcher. [40]
- Miguel Servet (1511–1553), scientist, surgeon and humanist; first European to describe pulmonary circulation. [41]
T
- Esteban Terradas i Illa (1883–1950), mathematician, physicist and engineer. [42]
- Leonardo Torres Quevedo (1852–1936), engineer and mathematician, pioneer of automated calculation machines, inventor of the automatic chess, pioneer of remote control, designer of the funicular over the Niagara Falls. [43] [44][45]
- Eduardo Torroja (1899–1961), civil engineer, structural architect, world famous specialist in concrete structures. [46] [47]
- Juanelo Turriano (1500-1585) Italo-Spanish clockmaker, engineer and mathematician, he built the Artificio de Juanelo, an engine that, driven by the river itself, lifted water from the Tagus to a height of almost 100 meters. [48]
- Josep Trueta (1897–1977), doctor, his new method for treatment of open wounds and fractures helped save a great number of lives during World War II. [49]
U
- Antonio de Ulloa (1716–1795), scientist, soldier and author; joint discoverer of element platinum with Jorge Juan y Santacilia (1713–1773). [50]
V
- Joseph de la Vega (1650–1692), businessman, wrote Confusion of Confusions (1688), first book on stock markets. [51]
- Arnold of Villanova (c. 1235–1311), alchemist and physician, he discovered carbon monoxide and pure alcohol. [52][53]
- Francisco de Vitoria (c. 1480/86 – 1546), member of the School of Salamanca, precursor of international law theory.[54]
See also
References
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Summary. The native population collapse in 16th century Mexico was a demographic catastrophe with one of the highest death rates in history. Recently developed tree-ring evidence has allowed the levels of precipitation to be reconstructed for north central Mexico, adding to the growing body of epidemiologic evidence and indicating that the 1545 and 1576 epidemics of cocoliztli (Nahuatl for "pest") were indigenous hemorrhagic fevers transmitted by rodent hosts and aggravated by extreme drought conditions.
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