Dai Zhuang language
| Dai Zhuang | |
|---|---|
| Wen-Ma Southern Zhuang | |
| Native to | China |
| Region | Wenshan Prefecture |
Native speakers | 100,000 (2008)[1] |
Kra–Dai
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | Either:zhd – Dai Zhuangtyl – Thu Lao (duplicate code) |
| Glottolog | daiz1235 |
| ELP | Thu Lao |
Dai Zhuang is a Tai language spoken in Wenshan Prefecture, Yunnan, China, in Yanshan, Wenshan, Maguan, Malipo, Guangnan counties. It is also spoken in Honghe Prefecture and Vietnam. The largest concentrations are in Wenshan (50% of total Zhuang population) and Yanshan (20% of total Zhuang population) counties (Johnson 2011b).
Names
Below are various names (both autonyms and exonyms) for speakers of Dai Zhuang (Johnson 2011a:43).
- Pu Dai (濮岱)
- IPA: [pʰu˥ ʔdaːi˧˩, pʰu˨ taːi˩]
- Tuliao, Tulao (土僚、土老)
- Tuzu (土族)
- Pulao, Puliao (濮僚; ancient Chinese ethnonym)
Subdivisions
Johnson (2011b) splits Dai Zhuang into 4 dialects according to tonal splitting patterns: Northern, Central, Southern, and Northeastern. They roughly correspond with the following ethnic subdivisions (Johnson 2011a).
- Northern: Piled Headdress Tu (Da Tou Tu, 搭头土, Daigelai, Black Tulao). Spoken in northern Wenshan and western Yanshan counties.
- Central: Flat Headdress Tu (Ping Tou Tu, 平头土, River Bank Tulao). Spoken around the city of Wenshan, and in central Wenshan County’s Panzhihua (攀枝花) Township.
- Southern: Pointed Headdress Tu (Jian Tou Tu, 尖头土). Spoken in Malipo and Maguan counties.
- Northeastern: Slanted Headdress Tu (Pian Tou Tu, 偏头土). Spoken in Guangnan and eastern Yanshan counties.
Phonology
Many Dai Zhuang dialects preserve voiced stops inherited from Proto-Tai (L-Thongkum 1997). L-Thongkum calls the dialects with the voiced stops "Dai Tho," and the dialects without any voiced stops "Tai Tho."
See also
References
- ^ Dai Zhuang at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
Thu Lao (duplicate code) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required) - ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Wenma–Southwestern Tai". Glottolog 3.0. Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
Further Reading
- Johnson, Eric C. 2011a. "The Southern Zhuang Languages of Yunnan Province’s Wenshan Prefecture from a Sociolinguistic Perspective." [Working paper]. S.l.: s.n. 49 pages.
- Johnson, Eric C. 2011b. "[1]" SIL Electronic Working Papers 2011-005: 170.
- L.-Thongkum, Theraphan. 1997. "Implications of the retention of proto-voiced plosives and fricatives in the Dai Tho language of Yunnan Province for a theory of tonal development and Tai language classification." In Comparative Kadai: The Tai branch, Jerold A. Edmondson and David B. Solnit (eds.). pages 191-219. Summer Institute of Linguistics and the University of Texas at Arlington Publications in Linguistics 124. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics and the University of Texas at Arlington.
- Ngõ Đức Thịnh & Chu Thái Sơn (1975). "Mấy ý kiến góp phần xác minh người Thu Lao ở Lào Cai". In, Ủy ban khoa học xã hội Việt Nam: Viện dân tộc học. Về vấn đề xác định thánh phần các dân tộc thiểu số ở miền bắc Việt Nam, 256-273. Hà Nội: Nhà xuất bản khoa học xã hội.
- Maguan County Ethnic Affairs Bureau. 2008. The Dai people of Maguan County [马关傣族]. Kunming: Yunnan People's Press [云南民族出版社].