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2015 San Bernardino attack

Coordinates: 34°04′32″N 117°16′40″W / 34.0755°N 117.2777°W / 34.0755; -117.2777
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2015 San Bernardino shooting
Part of Terrorism in the United States
San Bernardino is located in California
San Bernardino
San Bernardino
San Bernardino is located in the United States
San Bernardino
San Bernardino
LocationInland Regional Center, San Bernardino, California, U.S.
Coordinates34°04′32″N 117°16′40″W / 34.0755°N 117.2777°W / 34.0755; -117.2777
(Inland Regional Center)
34°04′39″N 117°14′54″W / 34.0775°N 117.2484°W / 34.0775; -117.2484
(shootout with police)
DateDecember 2, 2015 (2015-12-02)
10:59 am (PST)
TargetSan Bernardino County employees attending a holiday event
Attack type
Mass shooting at workplace; suspected to be Islamic terrorism[1]
Weapons
Deaths14 civilians
2 perpetrators
Injured21 civilians
2 police officers[4][5]
PerpetratorsSyed Rizwan Farook
Tashfeen Malik
MotiveInvestigated as a case of Islamic terrorism (ISIL inspired)[1]

On December 2, 2015, Syed Rizwan Farook and Tashfeen Malik, a married couple, shot and killed 14 people and injured 21 others at the Inland Regional Center in San Bernardino, California, United States.[a] They targeted a San Bernardino County Department of Public Health training event and holiday party with about 80 employees in attendance at the rented banquet room. Before the shooting, Farook had attended the event as an employee. After the shooting, the couple fled in a rented SUV.

Four hours later, police pursued the two perpetrators in their vehicle and killed them in a shootout. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) began a counter-terrorism investigation because of the type of equipment used, the couple's recent travel to the Middle East, and a Facebook post attributed to Malik in which she pledged allegiance to the leader of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). FBI Director James Comey said that there was no indication the couple were part of a cell or network, or that they were directed by any group.[8]

Attack

A – Site of shooting
B – Injured people treated
C – School for the blind where some took shelter

Perpetrators Syed Rizwan Farook and Tashfeen Malik left their six-month-old daughter with Farook's mother the morning of the attack, saying they were going to a doctor's appointment.[9][10] Farook, a health inspector for the San Bernardino County Department of Public Health, attended a departmental event at the banquet room of the Inland Regional Center.[11][12] The event began as a semi-annual all-staff meeting and training event, and was in the process of transitioning into a department holiday party/luncheon when the shooting began.[11][13] There were 91 invited guests, and "about 75 to 80 people were believed to have come to the party."[13]

Coworkers reported that Farook had been quiet early on in the event and noticed he had left the party abruptly, leaving his coat and some papers before a group photo was taken.[11][14] There were some reports that an argument occurred before his departure.[15] In later police briefings, it was said he left "under circumstances that were described as angry".[16]

At 10:59 am PST, Farook and Malik, wearing non-armored black tactical outfits and ski masks, armed with semi-automatic pistols and semi-automatic rifles, opened fire on those in attendance.[17][18][19][20] The entire shooting took less than four minutes.[11] They fired between 65 and 75 bullets and left behind an explosive device that failed to detonate.[20] Witnesses said they recognized Farook as one of the shooters by his voice and build.[21]

Weapons and equipment used

Investigators reported that the attackers used two .223-caliber semi-automatic rifles, two 9 mm caliber semi-automatic pistols, and an explosive device in the attack.[2][3][22] The rifles used were variants of the AR-15: one was a DPMS Panther Arms A15, the other was a Smith & Wesson M&P15.[22][23] One of the handguns was manufactured by Llama and the other is a Springfield XD.[23] All four of the guns were purchased legally from federally licensed firearms dealers in California in 2011 and 2012.[19] The two handguns were purchased by Farook from Annie's Get Your Gun, a federally licensed dealer in Corona.[19][24] The two rifles, according to FBI officials, were purchased by Enrique Marquez, a childhood friend of Farook's whose home was searched by federal authorities following the attack.[25][26]

After the couple acquired the rifles, they subsequently and illegally altered them: there was an attempted modification to enable the Smith & Wesson rifle to fire in fully automatic mode, and the DPMS weapon used a high-capacity magazine,[3][27] which is not legal in California. The couple had 1,400 rounds for the rifles and 200 for the handguns with them at the time of the shootout.[22]

In addition to the firearms, the perpetrators left three explosive devices connected to one another at the Inland Regional Center. The devices—described as "three pipe bombs tied together to make one device"—were "stitched together on a remote-controlled car" and failed to explode.[28][29] The bombs were later detonated by a bomb squad.[2][30]

Police response

It took four minutes for the first police unit to respond to the shooting following the initial 911 call.[13] At 11:14 am, the San Bernardino Fire Department made a Twitter post about an emergency on the 1300 block of Waterman Avenue, with the police working to clear the scene.[31][32][33][34] Roads in the area were closed to traffic.[35]

Two police officers arrived almost simultaneously; when another officer arrived two minutes later, the three officers entered the building and began to evacuate the survivors.[13] Another early responder was an emergency physician at the Arrowhead Regional Medical Center trauma center and a medic with the local SWAT team.[36] In total, about 300 officers and agents from city, county, state and federal agencies responded to the active-shooter event,[13] with police and SWAT teams surrounding the building as people were being evacuated.[37]

Police remotely detonated an unidentified device found at the scene and used a battering ram to get into the complex.[38][39] The FBI and the Los Angeles Police Department Counter-Terrorism Unit were called in to assist.[40] Police were on the lookout for a black SUV used by the perpetrators to flee the scene.[4][38]

The U.S. Department of Homeland Security sent a Pilatus PC-12 surveillance aircraft to the area, which circled the skies above San Bernardino for hours, mainly in the area where the shooting took place and in areas under investigation by police, and departed after the shootout between the perpetrators and police.[41][42]

Shootout and death of perpetrators

The shootout occurred on the south side of San Bernardino Avenue just east of Sheldon Drive; the red "A" marks the location of the Inland Regional Center.

Law enforcement pursued the couple who were driving a black Ford Expedition SUV that Farook had rented three or four days before the attack.[13][17] At least one fake explosive‍—‌a metal pipe stuffed with cloth made to resemble a pipe bomb‍—‌was thrown at the police during the pursuit.[2][30] After the SUV was stopped, the couple exchanged fire with police from inside their vehicle on East San Bernardino Avenue, about 1.7 miles (2.7 km) away from the scene of the mass shooting. It began around 3:00 pm, about four hours after the initial attack at the Inland Regional Center had begun. Police used multiple BearCat armored personnel carriers and requested medical assistance.

The gunfire lasted under a minute before both perpetrators were killed.[43][44] The sheriff's department confirmed that one male and one female were killed.[45]

Seven police agencies were involved in the final shootout, with 23 officers firing a combined total of approximately 380 rounds.[13] The perpetrators fired 76 rifle rounds.[13][17] During the shootout, police asked residents to stay indoors.[46][47]

A person seen running away from the scene was initially thought to be a potential third suspect, but police determined he was not connected to the shooting.[13] The person did have an outstanding misdemeanor warrant, for which he was booked.[13]

Victims

Fourteen people were killed and 21 others injured in the attack at the Inland Regional Center.[48][49] Once the injured were extracted from the building, it took about 15 minutes for them to get to the hospital.[13] Five patients were transported to the nearby Loma Linda University Medical Center[37][50] (the only Level I trauma center in the region)[22] and six were transported to the Arrowhead Regional Medical Center.[38][51] One police officer was injured in the gunfight by a bullet and hospitalized.[4][52][53] Another officer was injured by flying glass or shrapnel.[54]

The dead ranged in age from 26 to 60.[55] Three‍—‌Isaac Amanios, Bennetta Betbadal and Tin Nguyen‍—‌had come to the United States to escape violence or persecution in their home countries.[56] Isaac Amanios was also the cousin of New York Giants player Nat Berhe, who expressed his grief over Twitter.[57] Twelve of the dead were county employees;[55] ten were environmental health specialists.[58]

List of deceased

The 14 deceased ranged in age from 27 to 60 years old.[56]

Name Age Gender Hometown Occupation Marital status Children
Robert Adams 40 Male Yucaipa Environmental health specialist Married 1
Isaac Amanios 60 Male Fontana Health department employee Married 3
Bennetta Betbadal 46 Female Rialto Environmental health specialist Married 3
Harry Bowman 46 Male Upland Statistical analyst 2
Sierra Clayborn 27 Female Moreno Valley Environmental health specialist
Juan Espinoza 50 Male Highland Environmental health inspector Married 2
Aurora Godoy 26 Female San Jacinto Office assistant Married 1
Shannon Johnson 45 Male Los Angeles Environmental health specialist
Larry Daniel Kaufman 42 Male Rialto Coffee shop operator at IRC
Damian Meins 58 Male Riverside Health department employee
Tin Nguyen 31 Female Santa Ana Health inspector
Nicholas Thalasinos 52 Male Colton Health inspector Married
Yvette Velasco 27 Female Fontana Health inspector
Michael Wetzel 37 Male Lake Arrowhead Supervising environmental health specialist Married 6

Perpetrators

Syed Rizwan Farook

Syed Rizwan Farook
2013 driver's license
Born(1987-06-14)June 14, 1987
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
DiedDecember 2, 2015(2015-12-02) (aged 28)
San Bernardino, California, U.S.
Cause of deathShot by police
EducationCalifornia State University, San Bernardino (B.S. Environmental health)
Spouse
Tashfeen Malik
​
(m. 2014⁠–⁠2015)​
Children1 daughter (b. 2015)

Syed Rizwan Farook (June 14, 1987 – December 2, 2015) was born in Chicago, Illinois.[10][29][59] He was a U.S. citizen.[22] His parents immigrated from Pakistan.[22] According to sources, he had a "troubled childhood"[60] and grew up in an "abusive" home.[61][62] Farook grew up in Riverside, California, and attended La Sierra High School, graduating in 2004, one year early.[63][64] He attended California State University, San Bernardino, and received a bachelor's degree in environmental health in either 2009[65] or 2010.[63][64] He was a student for one semester in 2014 at California State University, Fullerton in their graduate program for environmental engineering, but never completed the program.[63]

Farook worked as a food inspector for the San Bernardino County Department of Public Health for five years before the shooting.[66][67][68] From July to December 2010, he was a seasonal employee for the county. He was hired as an environmental health specialist trainee on January 28, 2012, and became a permanent employee on February 8, 2014.[63] Coworkers described Farook as quiet and polite and said that he held no obvious grudges.[14]

According to family members and coworkers, Farook was a devout Sunni Muslim, and traveled to Saudi Arabia several times, including to complete the hajj in 2013.[16][22] Farook attended prayers at the Islamic Center of Riverside twice a day, in the mornings and the evenings, according to an interview in The New York Times with Mustafa H. Kuko, the Center's director. According to the Times, Farook stood out as especially devout and "kept a bit of a distance" from other congregants.[69] During that time, according to friends, he never discussed politics. About three weeks before the shooting, Farook abruptly stopped going to the mosque.[70]

Tashfeen Malik

Tashfeen Malik
File:Tashfeen Malik.jpg
Passport photo
Born(1988-07-13)July 13, 1988
Karor Lal Esan, Pakistan
DiedDecember 2, 2015(2015-12-02) (aged 27)
San Bernardino, California, U.S.
Cause of deathShot by police
EducationBahauddin Zakariya University
Spouse
Syed Rizwan Farook
​
​
(m. 2014⁠–⁠2015)​
Children1 daughter (b. 2015)

Tashfeen Malik (July 13, 1988 – December 2, 2015) was born in Pakistan but had lived for most of her life in Saudi Arabia.[10][67][71] Her hometown was Karor Lal Esan, 280 miles southwest of Islamabad.[72] She returned to Pakistan to study pharmacy at Bahauddin Zakariya University in Multan and graduated in 2012.[1] Saudi Interior Ministry spokesman Maj. Gen. Mansour Al-Turki denied reports that Malik grew up in his country, and said that she only visited Saudi Arabia for a few weeks in 2008 and again in 2013.[73]

According to one of Farook's coworkers, Malik and her husband married about a month after he traveled to Saudi Arabia in early 2014; the two had met over the internet.[14][44] Malik joined Farook in California shortly after their wedding. At the time of her death, Malik and Farook had a six-month-old daughter.[68][74][75]

Malik entered the United States on a K-1 (fiancée) visa with a Pakistani passport.[16][22][76] According to a State Department spokesman, all applicants for such visas are fully screened.[77] Malik's application for permanent residency (a "green card") was completed by Farook on her behalf in September 2014, and she was granted a conditional green card in July 2015.[76] Obtaining such a green card would have required the couple to prove that the marriage was legitimate, as well as requiring Malik to provide her fingerprints and pass criminal and national security background checks using government databases.[22][76]

Malik was one of a small number of female mass shooters in the U.S.; women constituted only 3.75 percent of active shooters in the U.S. from 2000 to 2013.[78][79][80][81]

According to ABC News, "authorities say they increasingly believe" that Malik, rather than her husband, "was the mastermind and instigator of the attack."[82]

Investigation

Neither shooter had a criminal record,[83] and neither was on an anti-terrorism list.[84]

Searches

After the deaths of the perpetrators, the focus shifted to a small townhouse in Redlands, a few miles away from San Bernardino; the place where Farook and Malik met after the shooting and where they lived.[85][86] By 6:00 pm PST on December 2, police were executing a search warrant on the house.[85] According to the San Bernardino police chief, Farook and Malik were listed in the rental agreement.[87] Police used robots to search the house.[86] Investigators found 2,000 9-mm handgun rounds, 2,500 .223-caliber rounds, twelve pipe bombs, and the tools that could be used to make improvised explosive devices.[88] Because the firearms used in the attack all had serial numbers,[23] the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) was able to complete an "urgent trace" at its National Tracing Center in Martinsburg, West Virginia less than two hours after the guns were recovered.[19] The couple was unsuccessful in destroying their personal electronics, including mobile phones and hard drives, prior to the attack.[89][90]

Pursuant to a federal search warrant, the authorities also searched a townhouse in Corona twice,[87] where Farook's brother and father lived.[91] The FBI said that the family was cooperating and authorities did not arrest anyone.[91]

Early in the morning of December 5, federal authorities (pursuant to a search warrant) searched the Riverside, California home of Enrique Marquez, the man who allegedly purchased the two assault rifles used by the shooters in the attack.[25][26][92] Marquez's home is next door to the house where Farook grew up.[25] Marquez has not been charged with a crime, and according to the FBI he is not considered a suspect in the shooting.[25][26] California requires that private sales and transfers of firearms go through a California licensed dealer. A neighbor who witnessed the search said that Marquez and Farook "had been close friends since childhood but appeared to have grown more distant in recent months."[26]

Motive

As of December 2015, the FBI was investigating the case as terrorism inspired by, but not directed by, Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).[1] Sources reported that Malik pledged bay'ah (allegiance) to the leader of ISIL on a Facebook account associated with her as the attack was underway.[1][93][94] CNN and the Associated Press reported that ISIL described the couple as "supporters" of the group in an online radio broadcast, but did not say whether the organization played a direct role in the attack.[95]

Police said the attack was probably not just a reaction to an argument; it was likely planned in advance to some extent.[10][15] On December 3, the FBI took over,[96] treating the probe as a counterterrorism investigation.[22][97] Farook had contacted "persons of interest" that were possibly tied to terrorism, but these contacts were not "substantial", according to a senior U.S. law enforcement official.[98] A senior federal official had said that Farook had some contact with people from the Nusra Front, the official al-Qaeda affiliate in Syria,[99] and Shabaab of Somalia, but specifics were unclear.[1][89][93] FBI Director James Comey said that there were indications from the investigation that the killers had become radicalized and possibly inspired by foreign terrorist organizations, but no indication that the couple were part of a cell or network, or directed by any group.[1][8][100] Comey said that the case did not follow the typical pattern for mass shootings or terrorist attacks.[1] This was the deadliest ISIL-inspired attack in the United States.[1]

Media frenzy

After the FBI completed a search of the perpetrators' townhome, it was turned over to the landlord.[101][102][103] On December 4, the landlord used a crowbar to open the door to the home and allowed reporters and photographers to "swarm" the home; a "surreal scene" according to the Los Angeles Times.[102][103][b] NBC News correspondent Kerry Sanders said Inside Edition paid the building's landlord $1,000 to access the home.[105] MSNBC, CNN and Fox News all broadcast live video from the home, showing images of personal photographs, documents, identification cards, and baby items.[106]

The frenzied scene was described as having a media-circus atmosphere.[101][107][108] Sanders in particular was criticized for showing close-up images of children's photographs and Farook's mother's identification card; the network later said it regretted doing so.[105][109] According to legal experts, the landlord and the media broke no laws.[101] However, it did raise concerns of journalistic ethics.[101] The Washington Post media critic Erik Wemple wrote that the media's behavior was "terrible" and opined that "this was a story poorly suited to live coverage, without the time and ability to document a scene, determine what's relevant and provide the filtered product to readers."[109] Al Tompkins of The Poynter Institute for Media Studies said that the decision to enter the apartment was "ludicrous" and critiqued the "callous and competitive behavior" of the media on a grave story.[108]

Aftermath

After the shooting, classes were canceled at California State University, San Bernardino,[110] and at Loma Linda University following a bomb threat that was called in to the university's medical center, where many injured victims were being treated.[110] James Ramos, chairman of the San Bernardino County Board of Supervisors, said that most county offices would be closed the remainder of the week, with only the most essential services remaining open.[111] The San Bernardino Department of Public Health announced that all county offices would be closed through December 7.[112]

President Obama ordered U.S. flags to be flown at half-staff at the White House, public buildings, military installations, Navy ships, embassies and diplomatic missions.[113] The governors of several states also ordered flags to be lowered to half-staff in their states as well.[114][115][116] In California, the annual Christmas tree lighting ceremony at the State Capitol was canceled and all flags were lowered to half-staff.[110][117]

American Muslim organizations, including CAIR and Islamic Society of Orange County, condemned the attacks.[118] A night vigil was held the day after the attacks at the largest mosque in the San Bernardino County, the Ahmadiyya Baitul Hameed Mosque.[119][120][121]

About 2,000 local residents gathered at a candlelight vigil at San Manuel Stadium in downtown San Bernardino the day after the attack. At the vigil, Mayor R. Carey Davis praised the first responders, said that the tragedy "has forever impacted our community," and talked about how the community had come together following the attack.[122][123]

Twelve of the dead were members of the Service Employees International Union, so president Mary Kay Henry said, "Our hearts are broken from this tragedy.... We will unite to demand that our nation does everything possible to ensure that no more families have to feel this pain, sadness and loss ever again."[124]

On December 5 responding to the killings in San Bernardino and elsewhere, The New York Times editorial board wrote that, "it is a moral outrage and a national disgrace that civilians can legally purchase weapons designed specifically to kill people with brutal speed and efficiency" and called for greater regulation of guns and ammunition[125] in the first front-page editorial it had published in 95 years.[126][127]

Political reactions

California Governor Jerry Brown said, "Our thoughts and prayers are with the victims' families and everyone affected by the brutal attack."[110]

President Barack Obama said, "There are some steps we could take‍—‌not to eliminate every one of these mass shootings‍—‌but to improve the odds that they don't happen as frequently," mentioning "common-sense gun safety laws" and "stronger background checks" as examples. He called for bipartisan cooperation to reduce the frequency of such shootings in the U.S.[128] In an interview with CBS News' Norah O'Donnell, Obama said: "We have a pattern now of mass shootings in this country that has no parallel anywhere else in the world."[129] Obama called for legislation to block people on the anti-terrorism No Fly List from purchasing weapons.[129] Speaker of the House Paul Ryan opposed this proposal, saying that denying persons on the list the right to bear arms would violate their due process rights.[130]

After the shooting, according to the Los Angeles Times, "Democrats forcefully demanded a tightening of the country's gun laws, laying blame on a culture that allows even people who are not permitted to board airplanes to buy guns with ease," while Republicans "issued increasingly harsher attacks on what they said was the Obama administration's unwillingness to come to terms with the true threat posed by Muslim extremists."[131]

The White House announced that President Obama would make an 8 p.m. EST address to the nation, providing an update into the investigation of the San Bernardino attack and the "broader threat of terrorism." This would mark the third speech from the Oval Office in the seven years of Obama's presidency.[132]

After the attack, members of the California State Legislature proposed revisit some gun-control proposals that had previously stalled, with one assemblyman proposing a prohibition of the sale of guns to those on a federal "no-fly" list.[83]

Pakistani Interior Minister Chaudhry Nisar Ali Khan said the Pakistani government will continue to offer "all possible legal assistance" to the U.S. in the investigation, and that "[no] sane Pakistani or Muslim could even think about doing such acts, and only few people are using the name of Islam for their wrongdoings, which is defaming our religion. Such heinous acts also lead to serious difficulties for millions of Muslims who live in Western and other countries, and the extremists and nationalist elements in those societies look at Muslims with suspicions. Islamophobia is being spread around the world. What the terrorists are doing has nothing to do with Islam."[133]

Notes

  1. ^ The attack was the second-deadliest mass shooting in California, after the 1984 San Ysidro McDonald's massacre, and the deadliest in the U.S. since the 2012 Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting in Connecticut.[6][7]
  2. ^ CNN's Anderson Cooper called the scene "bizarre" during the network's live broadcast.[104]

References

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