Guided ray

A guided ray (also bound ray or trapped ray) is a ray of light in a multi-mode optical fiber, which is confined by the core.

For step index fiber, light entering the fiber will be guided if it falls within the acceptance cone of the fiber, that is if it makes an angle with the fiber axis that is less than the (half) acceptance angle,

$\sin \theta \leq NA={\sqrt {n_{o}^{2}-n_{c}^{2}}}$ ,

where

θ is the angle the ray makes with the fiber axis, before entering the fiber,

n_o is the refractive index along the central axis of the fiber, and

n_c is the refractive index of the cladding, and

NA is the numerical aperture.

This result can be derived from Snell's law by considering the critical angle.

(Total) acceptance angle is $2\theta$.

Rays that fall within this angular range are reflected from the core-cladding boundary by total internal reflection, and so are confined by the core. The confinement of light by the fiber can also be described in terms of bound modes or guided modes. This treatment is necessary when considering singlemode fiber, since the ray model does not accurately describe the propagation of light in this type of fiber.

See also

• Numerical aperture
• Acceptance angle (solar concentrator), same construct for another use

References

• Federal Standard 1037C

 This article incorporates public domain material from Federal Standard 1037C. General Services Administration. Archived from the original on 2022-01-22.