Kingley Vale National Nature Reserve
| Site of Special Scientific Interest | |
 A visitor near a wooded area of the reserve | |
  Location within West Sussex | |
| Standort | West Sussex |
|---|---|
| Grid reference | SU822107 |
| Coordinates | 50°53′11″N 0°50′03″W / 50.88636°N 0.83421°W |
| Interest | Biological |
| Area | 209.4 ha (517 acres) |
| Notification | 1952 |
| Natural England website | |
The Kingley Vale National Nature Reserve is a national nature reserve (NNR) near Chichester, West Sussex in southern England, and is on part of the South Downs. It covers an area of 160 hectares (400 acres).[1] It is part of the wider Site of Special Scientific Interest at Kingley Vale.[2]
The site is managed by Natural England. It has an information centre and a nature trail.[3] There is a large area of grass downland and shrub land with a number of old yew trees. From the top there are views over Sussex and the south coast.
There are a number of walks and bridleways around the NNR. The main walk is around the woodland and yew trees and up to the top of the hills.
The nearest car park is at West Stoke about five miles northwest of Chichester,[4] and there are footpaths leading up from the village of Stoughton.
Natural features
Kingley Vale has one of Europe's most impressive yew forests. The forest contains yews as much as 2,000 years old, which are some of the oldest living organisms in Great Britain.[5] Their survival is remarkable because most ancient yew trees across Europe were felled after the 14th century, being the preferred material for the staves of English longbows.
In 1472, with the increasing popularity of the longbow, the English government enacted a "yew tax" of four "bowestaffs" for every cask of wine unloaded at an English harbour.[6] This sparked a rush for ancient yew trees across Europe, decimating the forests.[6] Kingley Vale is one of the few major stands remaining; most yews elsewhere are solitary trees or small stands.[6]
Other tree species in Kingley Vale include oak, ash, holly and hawthorn. The chalk grassland is home to many flowers and herbs that form a diverse mosaic of species. Over 50 species of birds are found, although only six species breed in the yew woodland. Mammals include deer, yellow-necked mouse, water shrew and dormouse. The 39 species of butterfly at Kingley Vale are mainly found in the grassland.[7]
Heritage sites
Kingley Vale has a rich and diverse heritage with remains of a Romano-Celtic temple at Bow Hill. [8] Iron Age settlement site known as Goosehill Camp,[9] the Devil's Humps Bronze Age round barrows and prehistoric flint mines. There are also a number of unidentified archaeological remains in the form of linear earthworks, a rectangular enclosure known as Bow Hill Camp and evidence of settlement at the base of the hill.[10]
References
- ^ Natural England (2010). Kingley Vale National Nature Reserve Leaflet (PDF). Natural England.
- ^ "SSSI Citation — Kingley Vale" (PDF). Natural England. Retrieved 4 April 2009.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Natural England
- ^ Chichester and South Downs. OS Map. Vol. 197 (Landranger ed.). Ordnance Survey. 2006.
- ^ "Kingley Vale" (PDF). English Nature. 2003. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 June 2007. Retrieved 1 June 2007.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c Jim Robbins (2012). The Man Who Planted Trees: Lost Groves, Champion Trees, and an Urgent Plan to Save the Planet. Spiegel & Grau.
- ^ Kingley Vale. Ashford, Nature Conservancy Council South East Region, 1978.
- ^ Down, Alec (1979). "Gazeteer of Sites and Finds". Chichester Excavations. Volume 4. Chichester: Phillimore & Co. Ltd.: pp. 36–7. ISBN 0-85033-344-X.
{{cite journal}}:|pages=has extra text (help);|volume=has extra text (help) - ^ Boyden, J. R. (1956). "Excavations at Goosehill Camp, 1953-5". Sussex Archaeological Collection. 94: 70–99.
- ^ "Pastscape". English Heritage. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help)
External links
- Map sources for Kingley Vale National Nature Reserve
- Kingley Vale National Nature Reserve
- Richard Williamson, The Great Yew Forest. The Natural History of Kingley Vale, London, Macmillan, 1978. ISBN 0-333-22739-5