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Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

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Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Template:Fa
File:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in Markazi province.jpg
6th President of Iran
Assumed office
August 3, 2005
Vice PresidentParviz Dawoodi
Preceded byMohammad Khatami
Personal details
BornOctober 28, 1956
Aradan, Iran
Nationalityiranian
Political partyIslamic Society of Engineers

Audio file "Mahmoud_Ahmadinejad.ogg" not found (Persian: Template:Fa, IPA: [mæhˈmud æhmædineˈʒɒd]), transcribed into Englisch as Mahmud oder Mahmood, Ahmadinezhad, Ahmadi-Nejad, Ahmadi Nejad, Ahmady Nejad) (born October 28, 1956) is the current president of the Islamic Republic of Iran. He is a member of the Central Council of the Islamic Society of Engineers, but he has a more powerful base inside the Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran (Abadgaran) and is considered one of the main figures in the alliance.

Ahmadinejad is a controversial figure, criticised by Western governments for various statements including the widely reported statement regarding Israel that “Our dear Imam (Ruhollah Khomeini) said that the occupying regime must be wiped off the map and this was a very wise statement,”[1][2][3][4][5] his support for Hezbollah,[6] his denial of the Holocaust,[7] and his questioning the legitimacy of Israel's existence.[8]

Personal life and education

Born in the village of Arādān near Garmsar, his family moved to Tehran when he was one year old. In 1976, he took Iran's national university entrance exams to gain admission into Iran's top universities. His test score ranked him 132nd among over 400,000 participants that year,[9] landing him at the prestigious Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST) as an undergraduate student of civil engineering. He continued his studies and entered the Master of Science program for civil engineering in 1984. In 1987, he received his PhD in traffic and transportation engineering and planning. The graduate program was a special program for Revolutionary Guard members funded by the organization. After graduation, he was appointed a professor at the civil engineering department at IUST. Ahmadinejad is married, and has two sons and a daughter.

Early political career

Ahmadinejad was appointed Mayor of Tehran by the second City Council of Tehran on May 3, 2003, after a 12% turnout led to the election of the conservative candidates of Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran in Tehran. During his mayorship, he reversed many of the changes put into effect by previous moderate and reformist mayors, putting religious emphasis on the activities of the cultural centers founded by previous mayors, going on the record with the separation of elevators for men and women in the municipality offices,[10] and suggesting that the bodies of those killed in the Iran-Iraq war be buried in major city squares of Tehran. Such actions were coupled with an emphasis on charity, such as distributing free soup to the poor.

After two years as mayor, Ahmadinejad was shortlisted in a list of 65 finalists for World Mayor in 2005.[11] Out of the 550 nominated mayors, nine were from Asia.[citation needed]

Ahmadinejad resigned from his post as the mayor of Tehran after his election to the presidency. His resignation was accepted on June 28, 2005.

Presidency

Presidential campaign

File:Ahmadinejad.gif
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

Ahmadinejad generally sent mixed signals about his plans for his veto power given to the five permanent members of the UN Security Council. In the same interview, he stated, "It is not just for a few states to sit and veto global approvals. Should such a privilege continue to exist, the Muslim world with a population of nearly 1.5 billion should be extended the same privilege." In addition, he has defended Iran's nuclear program and has accused "a few arrogant powers" of attempting to limit Iran's industrial and technological development in this and other fields.

After his election he proclaimed, "Thanks to the blood of the martyrs, a new Islamic revolution has arisen and the Islamic revolution of 1384 [the current Iranian year] will, if God wills, cut off the roots of injustice in the world." He said, that "the wave of the Islamic revolution" would soon "reach the entire world."[12]

During his campaign for the second round, he said, "We didn't participate in the revolution for turn-by-turn government.…This revolution tries to reach a world-wide government." [citation needed] Also he has mentioned that he has an extended program on fighting terrorism in order to improve foreign relations and has called for greater ties with Iran's neighbours and ending visa requirements between states in the region, saying that "people should visit anywhere they wish freely. People should have freedom in their pilgrimages and tours."[citation needed]

As confirmed by Ahmadinejad, Ayatollah Mohammad Taghi Mesbah Yazdi, a senior cleric from Qom, is President Ahmadinejad's ideological mentor and spiritual guide. Mesbah is the founder of Haghani School of thought in Iran. He and his team strongly supported Ahmadinejad's campaign during presidential election in 2005.[citation needed]

Election

Main article: Iranian presidential election, 2005

Ahmadinejad became the President of Iran on August 6, 2005, after his inauguration ceremony in the parliment.[13][verification needed] He received the presidential authorization from Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei on August 3, 2005. During the authorization ceremony he kissed Khamenei's hand in demonstration of his loyalty to him. The act caused a stir in the national media as he is the first Iranian president to kiss Khamenei's hand and the second Iranian president (after Mohammad Ali Rajai) to kiss a Supreme Leader's hand. Khamenei's eldest son Mujtaba allegedly supported Ahmadinejad's campaign during the election.[14][verification needed] In a speech in 2006 Khamenei said: "This government is one of the most favorite government of Iran in 100 years."[15]

In the first announcement after his presidency, Ahmadinejad asked the public servants not to post his photographs and pictures in governmental offices and use the pictures and photos of Khomeini and Khamenei only.[citation needed]

Ahmadinejad completed the requisite inaugural ceremonies on August 6, when he took a vow before the Majlis to protect Iran's national institutions: Shi'a Islam, the Islamic Republic, and the Constitution of Iran. Mohammad Reza Aref, Khatami's First Vice President, had been Acting President during the period of inaugural ceremonies.[citation needed]

Cabinet

Ahmadinejad was required to introduce his suggested ministers to Majlis for a vote of approval in fifteen days, after which Majlis would have one week to decide about the ministers. It was mentioned by Masoud Zaribafan, Ahmadinejad's campaign manager, that Ahmadinejad would probably introduce his cabinet on the same day of his vow, which did not happen, but the list was finally sent to the Majlis on August 14. The Majlis were set to vote on the suggested ministers by August 21.

The parliament had held a private meeting on August 5, when Ahmadinejad presented a shortlist of three or four candidates for each ministry, to know the opinion of Majlis about his candidates. A news website close to Ahmadinejad published a partial list of Ahmadinejad's decisions based on the feedback, which was updated and changed a few times.[citation needed] The final list was officially sent to the Majlis on August 14, 2005.

After a few days of heavy discussions in Majlis, which started on August 21, 2005, Ahmadinejad's cabinet was voted for on August 24, 2005, and became the first cabinet since the Iranian revolution in not winning a complete vote of approval.[citation needed] Four candidates, for the ministries of Cooperatives, Education, Petroleum, and Welfare and Social Security, all previous colleagues of Ahmadinejad in the Municipality of Tehran, were voted down, with the other candidates becoming ministers.[citation needed]

The list of suggested ministers and their votes went:[16]

Ministry Candidate minister Approvals Denials Abstentions
Agricultural Mohammad Reza Eskandari (Persian bio) 214 45 24
Commerce Seyyed Masoud Mirkazemi 169 85 25
Communication and Information Technology Mohammad Soleimani 220 43 16
Cooperatives Alireza Ali-Ahmadi 105 134 34
Culture and Islamic Guidance Mohammad Hossein Saffar Harandi 181 78 20
Defense and Logistics Mostafa Mohammad-Najjar 205 55 17
Economy and Financial Affairs Davoud Danesh-Jafari (Persian bio) 216 47 19
Bildung Ali Akbar Ash'ari (Persian bio) 73 175 31
Energy Parviz Fattah (Persian bio) 194 56 23
Foreign Affairs Manouchehr Mottaki (Persian bio) 220 47 16
Health and Medical Education Kamran Bagheri Lankarani (Persian bio) 169 86 27
Housing and Urban Development Mohammad Saeedikia 222 31 25
Industries and Mines Alireza Tahmasbi 182 58 30
Intelligence Gholam Hossein Mohseni Ejeii (Persian bio) 217 51 13
Interior Mostafa Pourmohammadi (Persian bio) 153 90 31
Justice Jamal Karimi-Rad (Persian bio) 191 59 24
Labour and Social Affairs Mohammad Jahromi 197 59 20
Petroleum Ali Saeedlou 101 133 38
Petroleum Mohsen Tasalloti 77 139 38
Petroleum Kazem Vaziri Hamane 172 53 34
Roads and Transportation Mohammad Rahmati (Persian bio) 214 43 21
Science, Research, and Technology Mohammad Mehdi Zahedi (Persian bio) 144 101 35
Welfare and Social Security Mehdi Hashemi 131 108 36

The new board of ministers held its first meeting on August 25 in Mashhad, promising to keep frequent meetings to cities other than the capital, Tehran. Temporary supervisors for two of the four ministries without new ministers were appointed by Ahmadinejad on August 27, Mohammad Nazemi Ardakani for the Ministry of Cooperatives and Davoud Madadi for the Ministry of Welfare and Social Security.[citation needed]

Domestic policy

Economy

Ahmadinejad submitted his first annual budget, covering April 2006–March 2007, to Iran’s parliament on January 15, 2006. The draft budget called for 1,956 trillion Rials (US$217.4 billion) in total spending, 27% more than in the fiscal 2005–06 budget. The oil-revenue projections, a significant portion of fiscal revenues, were based on a US$39.70/barrel price forecast for oil exports. The plan called on state-owned banks to allocate a larger portion of their resources to consumer loans for low-income families and small enterprises in underdeveloped regions. It also called for a visible increase in housing subsidies for low-income families, accounting for roughly US$1 billion in construction costs for the worse off.[17]

The 2006-2007 budget proposal is to be an operational budget where funds would be devoted based on the outcome of an operation rather than dividing the budget among organizations. For example, 0.6% of GDP has been devoted to scientific research, slightly under half of what is demanded by Iran's 4th Five-Year Social and Economic Development Plan (ie. 1.25% of GDP).[citation needed]

Despite the government's hostility toward NGOs,[18] Ahmadinejad devoted approximately 35 billion Rials (roughly US$3.5 million) to an NGO associated with Ayatollah Mesbah Yazdi, an increase of almost tenfold.[19]

In June 2006, 50 Iranian economists wrote a letter to President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, criticising price interventions to stabilize prices of goods, cement, and government services, as well as a decree issued by the High Labor Council and the Ministry of Labor proposing an increase of workers' salaries by 40%. Ahmadinejad publicly responded harshly to the letter and denounced the accusations.[20]

Family planning and population policy

In October 2006, President Ahmadinejad opposed encouraging families to have just two children and said his country could cope with 50 million more people than the 70 million it has now, the student news agency ISNA reported.[1]

In remarks that have drawn criticism, he told MPs he wanted to scrap existing birth control policies which discouraged Iranian couples from having more than two children.[2]

Critics reacted with alarm and said the president’s call was ill-judged at a time when Iran was struggling with surging inflation and rising unemployment, unofficially estimated at around 25%. Mr Ahmadinejad’s call for a higher birth rate echoes a similar demand by the late Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini after the triumph of Iran’s Islamic revolution in 1979. The policy led to a population explosion but was later reversed because of the strain on the economy. As a result, population growth dropped from an all-time high of 3.2% in 1986 to around 1.2% today, similar to that of the United States.[3]

Housing

The first legislation to emerge from his newly formed government was a 12 trillion Rial (US$1.3 billion) fund called "Reza's Compassion Fund"[21][verification needed] which was named after one of Shi'a Islam's Imams, Ali al-Rida. By tapping into Iran's oil revenues, Ahmadinejad's government claims that this fund will be used to help young people to get jobs and to afford marriage, as well to assist in purchasing their own homes. The fund also sought charitable donations, and includes a boards of trustees in each of Iran's 30 provinces. The new plan is subject to the approval of the conservative-held Majlis, but is seen as unlikely to encounter strong opposition, given that deputies in the Majles have also shown an eagerness to focus on resolving economic problems. The legislation was in response to the costly housing in urban centres which is pushing up the national average marital age (currently around 25 years for women and 28 years for men). In 2006 the Iranian parliament rejected the fund. However, Ahmadinejad allegedly put his proposal into practice by ordering the administrative council to execute the plan.[22][verification needed]

Women's rights

On 24 April 2006, Ahmadinejad announced that a ruling which prevented women from watching men playing sports in stadiums would soon be reversed.[23][24][25]. A state television announcer reported that Ahmadinejad "ordered the head of the sports organisation to provide facilities in the stadiums to watch national matches." Ahmadinejad was quoted as saying: "The best stands should be allocated to women and families in the stadiums in which national and important matches are being held." Two days earlier, Ahmadinejad had objected to punishment of women appearing in stadiums without proper hijab. His remarks angered some supporters.[26][verification needed] Soon after his remarks, several of the highest ranking clerics and marjas including, Ayatollah Mesbah Yazdi, Grand Ayatollah Nouri Hamedani, Grand Ayatollah Naser Makarem Shirazi, Grand Ayatollah Safi Golpaygani, Grand Ayatollah Fazel Lankarani and Ayatollah Mirza Javad Tabrizi announced their objection to his decision, calling for urgent cancellation of the order. In Qom, many clerics demonstrated against the president's letter.[27][verification needed][28][verification needed][29][verification needed][30][verification needed][31][verification needed] Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei reversed the decision[32] and 60,000+ mullahs at the grassroots level of sharia courts to national level expressed concerns. A Shi'ite news agency quoted one of Ahmadinejad's advisors saying that the President's statement about the attendance of women in stadium was a political measure to defend the Islamic regime against a US-led conspiracy. According to these reports, Ahmadinejad's government believed that the attendance of women in stadiums were against Sharia and therefore had to be banned, contrary to the earlier letter.[33][verification needed]

Science

In 2006, the Ahmadinejad government reportedly forced numerous Iranian scientists and University professors to resign or to retire. It has been referred to as "second cultural revolution" after the Islamic Cultural Revolution earlier.[34][verification needed][35] The policy has been said to replace current professors with younger ones.[36][verification needed] Many University professors received letters indicating their early retirement unexpectedly.[37][verification needed]

Nuclear program

See also: Nuclear program of Iran

Ahmadinejad has been a vocal supporter of Iran's nuclear program. On January 11, 2006, Ahmadinejad announced that Iran would have peaceful nuclear technology very soon. He also emphasized that building the nuclear bomb is not the policy of his government. He reportedly said that there was no such policy and that such a policy was "illegal and against our religion."[38][verification needed]

He also added at a January 2006 conference in Tehran that a nation that had "culture, logic and civilisation" would not need nuclear weapons, but that countries which sought nuclear weapons were those which wanted to solve all problems by the use of force.[39]

Ahmadinejad reportedly invited all countries to participate in Iran's nuclear project.[citation needed] He turned down an offer by Russian president Vladimir Putin to process uranium in order for Iran to use it.

In April 2006, Ahmadinejad announced that Iran had successfully refined uranium to a stage suitable for the nuclear fuel cycle. In a speech to students and academics in Mashad, he was quoted saying that Iran's conditions had changed completely as it became a nuclear state and could talk to other states from that stand.[40]

On April 13, 2006, Iranian news agency IRNA quoted Ahmadinejad as saying that the peaceful Iranian nuclear technology would not pose a threat to any party because "we want peace and stability and we will not cause injustice to anyone and at the same time we will not submit to injustice."[citation needed]

However, the office of the Iranian President is not responsible for nuclear policy. It is instead set by the Supreme National Security Council. The council includes representatives appointed by the Supreme Leader, military officials and members of the executive, judicial and legislative branches of government (see eg. Ali Larijani), and reports directly to Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, who reportedly issued a fatwa against nuclear weapons in 2005.[41]

Foreign policy

United States-Iran relations

Main article: Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's letter to George W. Bush
See also: United States-Iran relations
Wikisource has original text related to this article:

On May 8, 2006, Ahmadinejad sent a personal letter to United States President George Bush to propose "new ways" to end Iran's nuclear dispute.[42] U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and National Security Adviser Stephen Hadley both reviewed the letter and dismissed it as a negotiating ploy and publicity stunt that did not address U.S. concerns about Iran's nuclear program.[43] A fews days later at a meeting in Jakarta, Ahmadinejad said the letter was "an invitation to Islam".[44]

On August 8, 2006, he gave a television interview to Mike Wallace, a correspondent for 60 Minutes.[5] It was his first interview for U.S. media after 6 months.[45]

On August 29, 2006, he invited George W. Bush to an open televised debate on his plan to have a peaceful nuclear program in place. The invitation was promptly rejected by the White House.

Iran-Russia relations

See also: Iran-Russia relations

Ahmadinejad has moved to strengthen relations with Russia, setting up an office expressly dedicated to the purpose in October 2005. He has worked with Vladimir Putin on the nuclear issue, and both Putin and Ahmadinejad have expressed a desire for more mutual cooperation on issues involving the Caspian Sea.[46] However, Western intelligence officials recently accused Ahmadinejad of sanctioning the training and funding of Chechen rebels, who are fighting against Russia, inside Iran.[47]

Iran-Israel relations

Main article: Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Israel
See also: Iran-Israel relations

In October 2005 Ahmadinejad gave a speech that contained antagonistic statements about Israel. According to widely published translations, he agreed with a statement he attributed to Ayatollah Khomeini that the "occupying regime" had to be removed, and referred to Israel as a "disgraceful stain [on] the Islamic world" that would be eliminated.[1]

Ahmadinejad's comments were condemned by major Western governments, the European Union, Russia, the United Nations Security Council and UN Secretary General Kofi Annan.[48] Egyptian, Turkish and Palestinian leaders also expressed displeasure over Ahmadinejad's remark.[49] Canada's then Prime Minister Paul Martin said, “this threat to Israel's existence, this call for genocide coupled with Iran's obvious nuclear ambitions is a matter that the world cannot ignore.”[50]


The translation of his statement has been disputed. At a news conference on January 14, 2006, Ahmadinejad claimed regarding the October speech "There is no new policy, they created a lot of hue and cry over that."[51] In June, 2006 The Guardian columnist and foreign correspondent Jonathan Steele cited several Farsi speakers and translators who state that the phrase in question is more accurately translated as "eliminated" or "wiped off" or "wiped away" from "the page of time" or "the pages of history", rather than "wiped off the map".[52] Reviewing the controversy over the translation, New York Times deputy foreign editor Ethan Bronner observed that "all official translations" of the comments, including the foreign ministry and president's office, "refer to wiping Israel away".[53] Further, when asked point-blank by 60 Minutes's Mike Wallace, Ahmadinejad made no denial of the statement.[5]

Ahmadinejad also compared Israel's actions in the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict to Adolf Hitler's actions during WWII saying that "Hitler sought pretexts to attack other nations" and that "the Zionist regime is seeking baseless pretexts to invade Islamic countries and right now it is justifying its attacks with groundless excuses".[54]

On August 8, 2006, he gave a television interview to Mike Wallace, a correspondent for 60 Minutes, in which he talked about what he views as Israel's culpability for Lebanese suffering and the moral justification for Hezbollah's missile attacks. Later on in the interview Ahmadinejad was pressed on his views regarding the state of Israel, and asked to explain his previous statements questioning its right to exist, and suggesting that it should be relocated to Europe, since Europeans should have been forced to bear primary culpability for the Holocaust.[5]

Holocaust denial and allegations of anti-Semitism

See also: Controversies surrounding Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

Ahmadinejad repeatedly made controversial statements questioning the Holocaust, and criticized European laws against Holocaust denial. These statements were condemned by many governments, by United Nations Security Council and Secretary General Kofi Annan, and led to accusations of anti-Semitism.[55][56][57][58]

According to numerous media reports, he stated that "they have invented a myth that Jews were massacred".[7][59] In an interview with Der Spiegel, he was asked, "Are you still saying that the Holocaust is just 'a myth'?" Ahmadinejad responded, "I will only accept something as truth if I am actually convinced of it." In the same interview, he later stated, "We oppose every type of crime against any people. But we want to know whether this crime actually took place or not. [...] If it did not occur, then the Jews have to go back to where they came from".[60]

In reaction to Ahmadinejad's comments on the Holocaust, the United States Senate passed a unanimous resolution condemning his "harmful, destructive, and anti-Semitic statements." and "hate and animosity toward all Jewish people of the world."[61]

The UN Security Council issued a statement on Dec. 9, 2005, condemning his statements denying the Holocaust as well as his statements on Israel.[62] UN Secretary General Kofi Annan, in response to reporters' questions on Ahmadinejad in August 2006, said through a spokesman that Annan "considers anyone who would try to deny the truth of the Holocaust or make false claims about it to be a bigot."[63]

Former Iranian President Mohammad Khatami said that the Holocaust was a "historic fact," while criticizing what he claimed was a connection between the Holocaust and "the persecution of the Palestinian people".[64]

The translation of his statements on the Holocaust have been disputed by the Iranian government. The government-controlled IRNA news agency has stated that Ahmadinejad said, "some have created a myth on holocaust and hold it even higher than the very belief in religion and prophets.".[65][66] The Iranian government further responded through a spokesman who charged that "the Western media empire is trying to portrait [sic] Iran as an anti-Semitic country. [...] If you believe in the Holocaust [...] let other people express their ideas too and then try to convince them by your justifications.".[67]

In January 2006, Iran announced a conference to examine what it described as "scientific evidence" for the Holocaust. An Iranian Foreign Ministry spokesman said that "For over half a century, those who seek to prove the Holocaust have used every podium to defend their position. Now they should listen to others." The conference received widespread condemnation.[68] British Prime Minister Tony Blair called the conference as "shocking, ridiculous, and stupid." Iran reacted by inviting Blair to the conference.[69]

See also

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References

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  4. ^ "Ahmadinejad: Wipe Israel off map". Al Jazeera. October 26, 2005. Retrieved 2006-10-18. Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has openly called for Israel to be wiped off the map.…'As the Imam said, Israel must be wiped off the map,' said Ahmadinejad, referring to Iran's revolutionary leader Ayat Allah Khomeini. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
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  32. ^ Iran to keep stadium ban on women
  33. ^ "[[:Template:Fa]]" (in Template:Fa icon). Baztab. Retrieved 2006-10-17. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  34. ^ "[[:Template:Fa]]" (in Template:Fa icon). Rooz. Retrieved 2006-10-18. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help); URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  35. ^ Irani, Hamed (June 23, 2006). "Cleansing in the Name of Retirement". Rooz. Retrieved 2006-10-18. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  36. ^ "[[:Template:Fa]]" (in Template:Fa icon). Aftab news. Retrieved 2006-10-18. {{cite web}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  37. ^ "[[:Template:Fa]]" (in Template:Fa icon). Aftab news. Retrieved 2006-10-18. {{cite web}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  38. ^ "[[:Template:Fa]]" (in Template:Fa icon). BBC Persian. Retrieved 2006-10-29. {{cite web}}: URL–wikilink conflict (help)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  39. ^ "Excerpts: Ahmadinejad conference". BBC News. January 14, 2006. Retrieved 2006-10-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  40. ^ "Ahmadinejad: Iran can now talk to world from vantage point of a nuclear state". Arabicnews.com. April 13, 2006. Retrieved 2006-10-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  41. ^ Recknagel, Charles (June 27, 2005). "Iran: Election Of Ahmadinejad Unlikely To Affect Nuclear Negotiations". Radio Free Europe. Retrieved 2006-10-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  42. ^ "Timeline: US-Iran ties". BBC News. May 31, 2006. Retrieved 2006-10-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  43. ^ Vick, Karl (May 9, 2006). "No Proposals in Iranian's Letter to Bush, U.S. Says". The Washington Post. pp. A18. Retrieved 2006-10-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help); Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
  44. ^ "President says his letter to President Bush was invitation to Islam". Islamic Republic News Agency. May 11, 2006. Retrieved 2006-10-29. Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad said here Thursday that his letter to President George W. Bush did not concern the nuclear dossier, but rather was an invitation to Islam and the prophets culture. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  45. ^ Video clips:1 2 3 4 unedited
  46. ^ "Ahmadinejad: Special Hq to be formed for Tehran-Moscow cooperation". Islamic Republic News Agency. October 26, 2005. Retrieved 2006-04-14.
  47. ^ "Teheran 'secretly trains' Chechens to fight in Russia". The Telegraph. November 27, 2005. Retrieved 2006-04-14.
  48. ^ "Annan 'dismayed' by Iran remarks". BBC News. October 28, 2005. Retrieved 2006-10-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  49. ^ "UN raps Iran's anti-Israel rant". BBC News. October 28, 2005. Retrieved 2006-10-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  50. ^ Martin, Paul (November 15, 2005). "Prime Minister Martin Speaks Before Jewish Leaders in Toronto". Carolyn Bennett. Retrieved 2006-10-29. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  51. ^ U.N. Scrutiny Won't Make Iran Quit Nuclear Effort, President Says, Nazila Fathi, New York Times, 15 January, 2006
  52. ^ Steele, Jonathan. Lost in translation, The Guardian, June 14, 2006.
  53. ^ "Just How Far Did They Go, Those Words Against Israel?". = The New York Times. Retrieved June 11. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
  54. ^ Iran's Ahmadinejad compares Israel to Hitler
  55. ^ Iran's signals mixed ahead of UN debate by Farshid Motahari (Gulf Times) August 30, 2006
  56. ^ Iran team face mass protest by Luke Harding in Berlin and Denis Campbell in Cologne (The Observer) June 11, 2006
  57. ^ Editorial: Ceasefire leaves a region at risk (The Australian) August 14, 2006]
  58. ^ Iran's psychopath in chief, by Israel by Uzi Mahnaimi in Tel Aviv, Marie Colvin and Sarah Baxter in Washington (The Sunday Times, April 30, 2006): "Ahmadinejad speaks today like Hitler before taking power ... So you see, we are dealing with a psychopath of the worst kind — with an anti-semite." (Ehud Olmert in an interview with the German newspaper Bild)
  59. ^ "Iran's President Calls Holocaust 'Myth' in Latest Assault on Jews", (The Washington Post), Dec. 15, 2005]
  60. ^ We Are Determined, interview with Ahmadinejad, Der Spiegel, May 30, 2006
  61. ^ "A resolution to condemn the harmful, destructive, and anti-Semitic statements of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, the President of Iran, and to demand an apology for those statements of hate and animosity towards all Jewish people of the world". S.RES.337. Library of Congress. December 16, 2005. Retrieved 2006-08-30. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  62. ^ "Security Council members condemn Iranian leader's Holocaust denial". UN News Center. United Nations. December 9, 2005. Retrieved 2006-08-30. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  63. ^ "Secretary-General views Holocaust deniers as bigots, says spokesman". UN News Center. United Nations. August 23, 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-30. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  64. ^ Iran: Ex President Khatami Says Holocaust a Historic Fact, adnkronos International, 28 February, 2006
  65. ^ Polling only solution to Palestine problem, IRNA, 14 December, 2006
  66. ^ Guidelines of the IRNA
  67. ^ Speaker Haddad Adel: West's tough attitude casts doubts over Holocaust, IRNA, 04 June, 2006
  68. ^ Iran Defends Planned Holocaust Conference, Associated Press, January 24, 2006
  69. ^ Iran invites Blair for Holocaust conference, Times of India, January 29, 2006

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