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Amto–Musan languages

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Amto–Musan
Samaia
Geographic
distribution
Papua-Neuguinea
Linguistic classificationArai–Samaia
  • Amto–Musan
Subdivisions
Glottologamto1249

Amto–Musan is a language family of two closely related but not mutually intelligible Papuan languages, Amto and Siawi, of Sandaun Province of Papua New Guinea.

Classification

Foley (2018) provides the following classification.[1]

Amto-Musan family
Amto (Ki), Musan (Musian / Siawi)

External relationships

Amto–Musan was left unclassified by Ross (2005) (see Papuan languages#Ross classification) due to lack of data; Wurm (1975) had posited it as an independent family. The family has typological similarities with the Busa language isolate, but these do not appear to demonstrate a genetic relationship.

Timothy Usher links the Amto–Musan languages to their neighbors, the Arai languages and the Pyu language in as Arai–Samaia stock.[2]

Cognates

Amto-Musan family cognates listed by Foley (2018):[1]

Amto-Musan family cognates
gloss Amto Musan
‘bad’ supuware pioware
‘bird’ ai ʔai
‘black’ towan tewane
‘breast’ ne ne
‘ear’ ye ʔe
‘eye’ mo mene
‘fire’ mari mari
‘leaf’ he sɛʔ
‘liver’ tei teʔ
‘louse’ nanu nanu
‘man’ kyu yɛnokono
‘mother’ ena inaʔ
‘nape’ tipiyari tibiare
‘older brother’ apɔ aboʔ
‘road’ mo mono
‘sago’ tawe
‘tongue’ həne hanɛ
‘tooth’ i ʔi
‘tree’ ami ameʔ
‘water’ wi wi

Possible cognates between the Amto-Musan and Left May families:[1]

Possible Amto-Musan family
and Left May family cognates
gloss Amto Musan Ama Nimo Owiniga
‘breast’ ne ne nano nano
‘arm’ naino ina
‘louse’ nani nanu ani eni
‘tooth’ i ʔi i i
‘water’ wi wi iwa wi bi

References

  1. ^ a b c Foley, William A. (2018). "The Languages of the Sepik-Ramu Basin and Environs". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 197–432. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
  2. ^ NewGuineaWorld, Arai and Samaia Rivers