Cambodia–Turkey relations

Cambodia-Turkey relations

Cambodia	Turkey

Diplomatic relations at the legation level were established in 1947 and then to the rank of ambassador in 1959. It was not until 2013, however, that Turkey established a resident embassy in Cambodia's capital, Phnom Penh.

Diplomatic Relations

The two countries did not have diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level until 2013. Part of the reason was the close relations that King Sihanouk developed with North Korea. Turkey, as a close ally to South Korea, refrained from fostering relations with the King who maintained his private residence in Pyongyang that was build for him by the president of North Korea, Kim Il-sung, in the 1970s. Relations improved after the dissolution of the Soviet Union, when Cambodia started engaging with noncommunist states.

Presidential Visits

Guest	Host	Place of visit	Date of visit
Minister of Foreign Affairs Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu	Minister of Foreign Affairs Hor Namhong	Palais de la Paix, Phnom Penh	March 3, 2015
Minister of Foreign Affairs Prak Sokhonn	Minister of Foreign Affairs Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu	Presidential Complex, Ankara	October 1-3, 2018
Prime Minister Hun Sen	President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan	Presidential Complex, Ankara	October 20-22, 2018

Economic Relations

• Trade volume between the two countries was 108.4 million USD in 2015 (Turkish exports/imports: 3.7/94.7 million USD).

See also

• Foreign relations of Cambodia
• Foreign relations of Turkey

Further Reading

• "A Qualified Recovery," Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], 132, No. 20, May 15, 1986, pp. 25-28.
• "Cambodia: From 'Democratic Kampuchea' to 'Peoples' Republic'," Asian Survey, 19, No. 8, August 1979, pp. 731-50.
• "Cambodia: Vietnam's 1990 Question," Asiaweek [Hong Kong], 12, No. 31, August 3, 1986, 20-21.

• "Is Pol Pot Dying?" Asiaweek [Hong Kong], 12, No. 50, December 14, 1986, pp. 39-41.
Kershaw, Roger. "Multipolarity and Cambodia's Crisis of Survival: A Preliminary Perspective on 1979." pp. 161-88 in Southeast Asian Affairs, 1979. Singapore: Heinemann Educational Books (Asia), 1979.
• "Kampuchea 1979-81: National Rehabilitation in the Eye of an International Storm." Pages 167-95 in Huynh Kim Khanh (ed.), Southeast Asian Affairs, 1982.
• "Kampuchea: End Game or Stalemate?" Current History, 83, No. 497, December 1984, pp. 413-17.
• "Kampuchea: Protracted Conflict, Suspended Com- promise," Asian Survey, 24, No. 3, March 1984, pp. 314-34.
• "Kampuchea: The Diplomatic Labyrinth," Asian Survey, 22, No. 10, October 1982, pp. 1009-1033.
• "Mochtar Kusumaatmadja: ASEAN Will Not Accept Five Articles Proposed by Nguyen Co Thach," Indonesian Observer [Jakarta], April 8, 1985, p. 4.

• "Mokhtar Comments on Sihanouk, Cambodia Crisis. "Jakarta Post [Jakarta], June 23, 1987, p. 1.

• 
Ponchaud, Francois. Cambodia: Year Zero. (Trans., Nancy Amphoux.) New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1978.

• Pospelov, D., and Y. Ryakin. "Imperialist and Reactionary Intrigues Against People's Kampuchea," Far Eastern Affairs [Moscow], No. 3, 1984, pp. 97-109.
• "'Proximity Cocktails' and 'Provisional Salvation': Cambodia's Tortuous Course," Issues &Studies [Taipei], 22, No. 4, April 1986, pp. 120-39. 
* * "The PRK's Great National Solidarity Policy," Nhan Dan [Hanoi], August 29, 1987, pp. 34-35.
• "Origins of Khmer Communism." Pages 161-80 in Leo Suryadinata (ed.), Southeast Asian Affairs, 1981. Singapore: Heinemann Educational Books (Asia), 1981.
• "Stop-go Train of Peace," Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], 138, No. 52, December 24, 1987, p. 10.
• "Straw in the Wind: Soviet Hint of Flexibility over Elections," Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], 131, No. 3, January 16, 1986, pp. 21-22.
• 
Chandler, David P. "Cambodia in 1984: Historical Patterns Reasserted." Pages 177-86 in Southeast Asian Affairs, 1985. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1985.
• "That Annual Exercise," Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], 138, No. 50, December 10, 1987, p. 23.
• "The Shadow of War,' Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], 136, No. 19, May 7, 1987, pp. 36-37.
• "The Tragedy of Cambodian History," Pacific Affairs [Vancouver], 52, No. 3, Fall 1979, pp. 410-15.
• "Too Few Communists," Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], 123, No. 7, February 16, 1984, pp. 20-22.
• "Revising the Past in Democratic Kampuchea: When was the Birthday of the Party?" Pacific Affairs [Vancouver], 56, No. 2, Summer 1983, pp. 288-300.
• Ablin, David A., and Marlowe Hood (eds.). "Cambodia: Politics and International Relations,"International Journal of Politics, 16, No. 3, Fall 1986, pp. 3-185.
• Barron, John and Anthony Paul. Murder of a Gentle Land: The Untold Story of Communist Genocide in Cambodia. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1977.
• Becker, Elizabeth. " Stalemate in Cambodia," Current History, 86, No. 519, April 1987, pp. 156-59.
• Bekaert, Jacques. "Cambodge: Des graves incidents ont opposé des Khmers rouges et des Sihanoukistes," Le Monde [Paris], July 31, 1985, p. 4.

• Central Committee. National United Front for the Salvation of Kampuchea. * 'Kampuchea's Eight Immediate Policies for Liberated Areas," Vietnam
• Courier [Hanoi], 15, No. 2, February 1979, pp. 3-4.
"Kampuchea's Foreign Policy," Vietnam Courier [Hanoi], 15, No. 2, February 1979, pp. 4-5.

• Chanda, Nayan. "Communist Compromise? Moscow, Hanoi, and Peking Signal Movement," Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], 134, No. 52, December 25, 1986, pp. 14-15.
• Chandler, David P., and Ben Kiernan (eds.). Revolution and Its Aftermath in Kampuchea: Eight Essays. New Haven: Yale University Southeast Asia Studies, 1983.
• Chang, Pao-min. "Beijing Versus Hanoi: The Diplomacy over Kampuchea," Asian Survey, 23, No. 5, May 1983, pp. 598-618.
• Chufrin, GennadyI. "Five Years of the People's Revolutionary Power in Kampuchea: Results and Conclusions," Asian Survey, 24, No. 11, November 1984, pp. 1143-50.
• Conboy, Kenneth (ed.).The U.S. and Vietnam: Twelve Years After the War. (The Heritage Lecture Series.) Washington: The Heritage Foundation, 1987.
Eiland, Michael. 'Kampuchea in 1985: From Stalemate to Ambiguity," Asian Survey, 26, No. 1, January 1986, pp. 118-25.
• Elliott, David W. P. (ed.). The Third Indochina Conflict. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1981.
Etcheson, Craig. The Rise and Demise of Democratic Kampuchea. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1984.
• Heder, Stephen P. "The Kampuchean-Vietnamese Conflict.' Pages 157-86 in Southeast Asian Affairs, 1979. Singapore: Heinemann Educational Books (Asia), 1979.
Hiebert, Murray. "Peace or Propaganda?" Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], 138, No. 43, October 22, 1987, p. 35.
• Kampuchea Between China and Vietnam. Singapore: Singapore University Press, 1985.
• Khien, Theeravit. "Thai-Kampuchean Relations: Problems and Prospects," Asian Survey, 22, 6, June 1982, pp. 561-76.
• Kiernan, Ben. How Pol Pot Came to Power. London: Verso, 1984.
• Kiljunen, Kimmo(ed.). Kampuchea: Decade of the Genocide Report of a Finnish Inquiry Commission. London: Zed Books, 1984.
• Kissinger, Henry. White House Years. Boston: Little, Brown, 1979. Years of Upheaval Boston: Little, Brown, 1982.
Lao, Mong Hay. "Kampuchea: A Stalemate?" Pages 153-61 in Pushpa Thambipillai (ed.), in Southeast Asian Affairs, 1984.
• Leighton, Marian Kirsch. "Perspectives on the Vietnam-Cambodia Border Conflict," Asian Survey, 28, No. 5, May 1978, pp. 448-57.
• Lichenstein, Charles M. "China in the U.N.: The Case of Kampuchea," World Affairs, 149, No. 1, Summer 1986, pp. 21-24.
• Ma Shengrong. "Kampuchea: Vietnamese Troop Pullout Key to Peace," Beijing Review [Beijing], 30, No. 49, December 7, 1987, p. 14.
• 
Mahbubani, Kishore. "The Kampuchean Problem: A Southeast Asian Perception," Foreign Affairs, 62, Winter 1983-84, pp. 407-25.
• McBeth, John. "Forced Human Bondage," Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], 129, No. 33, August 22, 1985, pp. 38-39.
• McMullen, Greerson G. "New Policy Initiatives for the U.S. in Kampuchea," Asian Wall StreetJournal [Hong Kong], May 18-19, 1984, p. 8.

• Mean, Sang Khim. "Democratic Kampuchea: An Updated View." Pages 95-106 in Southeast Asian Affairs, 1977. Singapore: International Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1977.
• Osborne, Milton E. Before Kampuchea: Preludes to Tragedy. London: George Allen and Unwin, 1979.


* Quinn-Judge, Paul. "Coalition Coalescent," Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], 123, No. 1, January 5, 1984, pp. 14-15.

• Richburg, Keith B. "Sihanouk's Peace Search Splits Cambodia Viewers," Washington Post, November 21, 1987, p. A18.
Schier, Peter. "Kampuchea in 1985: Between Crocodiles and Tigers." Pages 139-61 in Southeast Asian Affairs, 1986. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1986.
• Shawcross, William. Sideshow: Kissinger, Nixon, and the Destruction of Cambodia. London: Fontana Paperbacks, 1980.
• Simon, Sheldon W. "Cambodia and Regional Diplomacy." pp. 196-207 in Huynh Kim Khanh (ed.), Southeast Asian Affairs, 1982. Singapore: Heinemann Educational Books (Asia), 1982.
• Smith, R. B. "Cambodia in the Context of Sino-Vietnamese Relations," Asian Affairs (London), 16, October 1985, pp. 273-87.
• Spragens, John. "Interview with Hun Sen: Solution Cambodian Style," Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], 123, No. 1, January 5, 1984, pp. 14-15.

• Stuart-Fox, Martin. The Murderous Revolution: Life and Death in Pol Pot's Kampuchea. Chippendale, Australia: Alternative Publishing Cooperative, 1985.
• Sukhumbhand, Paribatra, M. R. "Can ASEAN Break the Stale- mate?" World Policy Journal, 3, No. 1, Winter 1985-86, pp. 85-106.
• Sutter, Robert G. "The Fighting in Cambodia: Issues for U.S. Policy," (Library of Congress Congressional Research Service, Report No. 85-43F.) February 1, 1985.

• Tasker, Rodney. "Divided on Peace: Thai and Indonesian Differences Persist over Cambodian Solution," Far Eastern Economic Review [Hong Kong], 132, No. 17, April 24, 1986, p. 47.
• The Quality of Mercy: Cambodia, Holocaust, and Modern Conscience. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1984.
• United States. Central Intelligence Agency. Directorate of Intelligence. Who's Who in Cambodia: A Reference Aid. (No. CR85-10626.) Washington: March 1985.
United States. Congress. 97th. 2d Session. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittees on Asian and Pacific Affairs and Human Rights and International Organizations. The Democratic Kampuchea Seat at the United Nations and American Interests. (Hearings September 15, 1982.) Washington: GPO, 1983.
• Van der Kroef, Justus M. "ASEAN, Hanoi, and the Kampuchean Conflict: Between 'Kuantan' and a 'Third Alternative'," Asian Survey, 21, No. 5, May 1981, pp. 515-35.
• Vickery, Michael. Cambodia: 1975-82. Boston: South End Press, 1984.
• Wedel, Paul. "Cambodian Communists Build Party from the Top Down," Korea Herald [Seoul], October 10, 1987, p. 8.
• Wheeler, Jack. "Cambodian Foes of Hanoi's Imperialism Cry Out for U.S. Aid," Wall Street Journal, January 14, 1985, p. 17.
• Willmott, W. E. "Analytical Errors of the Kampuchean Communist Party," Pacific Affairs, 54, No. 2, Summer 1981, pp. 209-27.
• World Policy Institute. "Special Report on Indochina: The Prospects for Peace," World Policy Journal, 3, No. 1, Winter 1985-86, pp. 83-155.
• Yearbook on International Communist Affairs. Stanford: Hoover Institution for War, Revolution and Peace, 1987.