Ammonium acetate: Difference between revisions
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| verifiedrevid = 401798685 |
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|verifiedrevid=444918095 |
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| Name = Ammonium acetate |
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|Name=Ammonium acetate |
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|ImageFile=Ammonium-acetate-2D.png |
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|ImageSize=200px |
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| ImageFileL1 = Ammonium-3D-balls.png |
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|ImageName=Ammonium acetate skeletal formula |
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| ImageSizeL1 = 90px |
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|ImageFile1=Ammonium-acetate-3D-balls.png |
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| ImageNameL1 = Ball-and-stick model of the ammonium cation |
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|ImageSize1=200px |
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| ImageFileR1 = Acetate-anion-3D-balls.png |
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|ImageName1=Ball-and-stick model of ammonium acetate |
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| ImageSizeR1 = 120px |
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|ImageFile2=Ammonium-acetate.JPG |
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| ImageNameR1 = Ball-and-stick model of the acetate anion |
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|ImageSize2=200px |
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| IUPACName = Ammonium ethanoate |
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|ImageName2=Crystalline of ammonium acetate |
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| OtherNames = |
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|IUPACName=Ammonium ethanoate |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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|OtherNames= |
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
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|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| CASNo = 631-61-8 |
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| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} |
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| ChEBI=62947 |
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| RTECS = AF3675000 |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID=11925 |
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| EC_number = 211-162-9 |
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| PubChem=517165 |
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
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| UNII = RRE756S6Q2 |
| UNII = RRE756S6Q2 |
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| UNNumber = 3077 |
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| InChI = 1/C2H4O2.H3N/c1-2(3)4;/h1H3,(H,3,4);1H3 |
| InChI = 1/C2H4O2.H3N/c1-2(3)4;/h1H3,(H,3,4);1H3 |
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| SMILES = O=C(O)C.N |
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| InChIKey = USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYAY |
| InChIKey = USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYAY |
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| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChIKey = USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| StdInChIKey = USFZMSVCRYTOJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| SMILES = O=C([O-])C.[N+H4] |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| CASNo = 631-61-8 |
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| RTECS = AF3675000 |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID=11925 |
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}} |
}} |
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|Section2={{Chembox Properties |
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| N=1 | H=7 | C=2 | O=2 |
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| Formula = C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub>NH<sub>4</sub> |
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| Appearance = White solid crystals, [[deliquescent]] |
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| MolarMass = 77.0825 g/mol |
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| Odor = Slightly acetic acid like |
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| Appearance = white solid crystals <br> [[deliquescent]] |
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| Density = 1.17 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (20 °C)<ref name=pphoic>{{cite book|last = Pradyot|first = Patnaik|year = 2003|title = Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals|publisher = The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.|isbn = 0-07-049439-8}}</ref><br> 1.073 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (25 °C) |
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| SolubleOther = Soluble in [[ethanol|alcohol]], [[sulfur dioxide|SO<sub>2</sub>]], [[acetone]], liquid [[ammonia]]<ref name=chemister /> |
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| Solubility = 148 g/100 ml (4 °C) |
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| Solubility = 102 g/100 mL (0 °C)<br> 148 g/100 mL (4 °C)<ref name=pphoic /><br> 143 g/100 mL (20 °C)<br> 533 g/100 mL (80 °C) |
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| SolubleOther = 7.89 g/100 mL (15 °C) |
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| Solubility1 = 7.89 g/100 mL (15 °C)<ref name=tedia /><ref name=pphoic /><br> 131.24 g/100 g (94.2 °C)<ref name=chemister>{{Cite web|url=http://chemister.ru/Database/properties-en.php?dbid=1&id=354|title=Ammonium acetate}}</ref> |
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| Solvent = methanol |
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| Solvent1 = methanol |
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| MeltingPtC = 114 |
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| Solubility2 = 0.1 g/100 g<ref name=chemister /> |
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| BoilingPt = decomposes |
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| Solvent2 = dimethylformamide |
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| pKa = |
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| MeltingPtC = 113 |
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| MeltingPt_ref =<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Davidson|first1=Arthur W.|last2=McAllister|first2=Walter H.|title=Solutions of Salts in Pure Acetic Acid. Ii. Solubilities of Acetates1|journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|volume=52|issue=2|year=1930|pages=507–519|issn=0002-7863|doi=10.1021/ja01365a010}}</ref> |
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| Viscosity = |
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| BoilingPtC = |
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| BoilingPt_notes = |
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| pKa = 9.9 |
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| pKb = 33 |
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| Viscosity = 21 |
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| MagSus = -41.1·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol |
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}} |
}} |
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|Section3={{Chembox Structure |
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| CrystalStruct = [[Orthorhombic]] |
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}} |
}} |
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|Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry |
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| DeltaHf = −615 kJ/mol<ref name=chemister /> |
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| Productgroup = Aldrich |
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| Productcode = 372331 |
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| Accessdate = June 8, 2011 |
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}}</ref> |
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| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|315|319|335}}<ref name="sigma" /> |
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| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|261|305+351+338}}<ref name="sigma" /> |
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| ExternalMSDS = [http://hazard.com/msds/mf/baker/baker/files/a5508.htm JT Baker] |
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| MainHazards = |
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| FlashPt = |
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| RPhrases = |
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| SPhrases = |
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| NFPA-H = 2 | NFPA-F = 1 | NFPA-R = 1 |
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}} |
}} |
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|Section7={{Chembox Hazards |
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| ExternalSDS = [http://hazard.com/msds/mf/baker/baker/files/a5508.htm JT Baker] |
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| OtherAnions = |
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| MainHazards = Irritant |
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| GHSPictograms = {{GHS07}} |
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| GHSSignalWord = Warning |
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| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|303|316|320|333}} |
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| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|281|335}} |
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| GHS_ref = <ref name=tedia /> |
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| NFPA-H = 1 |
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| NFPA-F = 1 |
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| NFPA-R = 1 |
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| NFPA_ref = <ref name=tedia>{{cite web|url = http://reports.tedia.com/msds/M0009.pdf|title = Safety Data Sheet of Ammonium Acetate|date = 2011-08-12|website=tedia.com|publisher = Tedia Company Inc.|access-date = 2014-06-10}}</ref> |
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| FlashPtC = 136 |
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| FlashPt_ref = <ref name=tedia /> |
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| LD50 = 386 mg/kg (mice, intravenous)<ref name=chemister /> |
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}} |
}} |
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}} |
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'''Ammonium acetate''' |
'''Ammonium acetate''', also known as '''spirit of Mindererus''' in [[aqueous]] solution, is a chemical compound with the formula NH<sub>4</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>. It is a white, [[hygroscopic]] solid and can be derived from the reaction of [[ammonia]] and [[acetic acid]]. It is available commercially.<ref name=Ullmann>{{Ullmann | author1 = Hosea Cheung | author2 = Robin S. Tanke | author3 = G. Paul Torrence | title = Acetic Acid | doi = 10.1002/14356007.a01_045.pub2}}</ref> |
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== History== |
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==Uses and distinctive properties== |
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The synonym Spirit of Mindererus is named after R. Minderer, a physician from [[Augsburg]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Spirit of Mindererus |url=https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Spirit+of+Mindererus |access-date=2023-06-07 |website=TheFreeDictionary.com}}</ref> |
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[[File:Ammonium-acetate.JPG|thumb|left|Ammonium acetate]] |
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As the salt of a weak acid and a weak base, [[ammonium]] [[acetate]] has a number of distinctive properties. |
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*NH<sub>4</sub>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> is occasionally employed as a biodegradable de-icing agent. |
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*It is often used with [[acetic acid]] to create a [[buffer solution]], one that can be thermally decomposed to non-ionic products |
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*Ammonium acetate is useful in the [[Knoevenagel condensation]] in [[organic synthesis]]. |
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*It is a relatively unusual example of a salt that melts at low temperatures. |
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*Can be used with distilled water to make a protein precipitating reagent. |
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*Is often used as an aqueous buffer for [[Electrospray ionization|ESI]] [[mass spectrometry]] of [[protein]]s and other molecules. |
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Ammonium acetate is [[volatility (chemistry)|volatile]] at low pressures. Because of this it has been used to replace cell buffers with non-volatile salts, in preparing samples for mass spectrometry. <ref>[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasms.2008.05.006 Berman et al., 2008. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom, 19:1230-1236.]</ref> It is also popular as a buffer for mobile phases for [[High-performance liquid chromatography|HPLC]] with [[ELSD]] detection for this reason. Other volatile salts which have been used for this include [[ammonium formate]]. |
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== |
== Uses== |
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It is the main precursor to [[acetamide]]:<ref>{{ OrgSynth | author = Coleman, G. H. |author2=Alvarado, A. M. | title = Acetamide | volume = 3 | pages = 3 | collvol = 1 | collvolpages = 3 | year = 1923 | prep = cv1p0003 }}</ref> |
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CH<sub>3</sub>COONH<sub>4</sub> is hygroscopic. It decomposes easily at elevated temperatures into [[acetamide]]. |
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:NH<sub>4</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>CO<sub>2</sub> → CH<sub>3</sub>C(O)NH<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O |
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In this reaction, a salt is converted to two molecular species, which is a relatively uncommon conversion at mild temperatures. |
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It is also used as a diuretic.<ref name=Ullmann/> |
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==References== |
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<references/> |
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===Buffer=== |
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== Further reading == |
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As the salt of a weak acid and a weak base, [[ammonium]] [[acetate]] is often used with [[acetic acid]] to create a [[buffer solution]]. Ammonium acetate is [[volatility (chemistry)|volatile]] at low pressures. Because of this, it has been used to replace cell buffers that contain non-volatile salts in preparing samples for mass spectrometry.<ref>{{cite journal | year = 2008 | title = Preparation of single cells for imaging/profiling mass spectrometry| journal = J Am Soc Mass Spectrom | volume = 19 | pages = 1230–1236 | doi=10.1016/j.jasms.2008.05.006 | last1 = Berman | first1 = Elena S. F. | last2 = Fortson | first2 = Susan L. | last3 = Checchi | first3 = Kyle D. | last4 = Wu | first4 = Ligang | last5 = Felton | first5 = James S. | last6 = Kuang Jen | first6 = J. Wu | last7 = Kulp | first7 = Kristen S.| issue = 8| pmid = 18565760| doi-access = free }}</ref> It is also popular as a buffer for mobile phases for [[High-performance liquid chromatography|HPLC]] with [[Evaporative light scattering detector|ELSD]] and [[Charged aerosol detector|CAD]]-based detection for this reason. Other volatile salts that have been used for this include [[ammonium formate]]. |
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* G. Jones, Organic Reactions, 1967, volume 15, 204ff (the Knoevenagel Reaction) |
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When dissolving ammonium acetate in pure water, the resulting solution typically has a pH of 7, because the equal amounts of acetate and ammonium neutralize each other. However, ammonium acetate is a dual component buffer system, which buffers around pH 4.75 ± 1 (acetate) and pH 9.25 ± 1 (ammonium), but it has no significant buffer capacity at pH 7, contrary to common misconception.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Konermann |first1=Lars |title=Addressing a Common Misconception: Ammonium Acetate as Neutral pH "Buffer" for Native Electrospray Mass Spectrometry |journal=American Society for Mass Spectrometry |date=2017 |volume=28 |issue=9 |pages=1827–1835 |doi=10.1007/s13361-017-1739-3 |pmid=28710594 |bibcode=2017JASMS..28.1827K |s2cid=25294943 |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1007/s13361-017-1739-3 |access-date=25 October 2022}}</ref> |
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===Other=== |
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*a biodegradable de-icing agent. |
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*a catalyst in the [[Knoevenagel condensation]] and as a source of ammonia in the [[Reductive amination|Borch reaction]] in [[organic synthesis]]. |
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*a protein precipitating reagent in [[dialysis (biochemistry)|dialysis]] to remove contaminants via diffusion. |
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*a reagent in agricultural chemistry for determination of soil CEC ([[cation exchange capacity]]) and determination of available potassium in soil wherein the ammonium ion acts as a replacement cation for potassium. |
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*part of Calley's method for lead artifact conservation |
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=== Food additive === |
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Ammonium acetate is also used as a [[food additive]] as an acidity regulator; [[INS number]] 264. It is approved for usage in Australia and New Zealand.<ref>Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code {{cite web |url=http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2011C00827 |title=Standard 1.2.4 - Labelling of ingredients |access-date=2011-10-27}}</ref> |
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== Production == |
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Ammonium acetate is produced by the neutralization of acetic acid with [[ammonium carbonate]] or by saturating glacial [[acetic acid]] with [[ammonia]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Brannt|first=William|title=A practical treatise on the manufacture of vinegar|year=1914|publisher=Henry Carey Baird & Co.|location=Lancaster, PA |pages=[https://archive.org/details/practicaltreatman00branrich/page/316 316]–317|url=https://archive.org/details/practicaltreatman00branrich}}</ref> Obtaining crystalline ammonium acetate is difficult on account of its hygroscopic nature. |
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== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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{{Commons category|Ammonium acetate}} |
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{{clear}} |
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{{Acetates}} |
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{{Ammonium salts}} |
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[[Category:Ammonium compounds]] |
[[Category:Ammonium compounds]] |
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[[Category:Acetates]] |
[[Category:Acetates]] |
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[[ar:خلات الأمونيوم]] |
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[[de:Ammoniumacetat]] |
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[[fr:Acétate d'ammonium]] |
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[[it:Acetato d'ammonio]] |
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[[hu:Ammónium-acetát]] |
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[[nl:Ammoniumacetaat]] |
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[[ja:酢酸アンモニウム]] |
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[[pl:Octan amonu]] |
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[[ru:Ацетат аммония]] |
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[[sr:Амонијум-ацетат]] |
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[[fi:Ammoniumasetaatti]] |
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[[sv:Ammoniumacetat]] |
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[[zh:乙酸铵]] |