Antimony pentafluoride: Difference between revisions

| Watchedfields = changed

| verifiedrevid = 401805456

| ImageFileL1 = Antimony-pentafluoride-2D.png

| ImageSizeL1 = 120px

| ImageNameL1 = Antimony pentafluoride

| ImageFileR1 = Antimony-pentafluoride-monomer-3D-balls.png

| ImageSizeR1 = 120px

| ImageNameR1 = Antimony pentafluoride

| IUPACName = antimony(V) fluoride

| OtherNames = antimony pentafluoride<br>pentafluoridoantimony

| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers

| InChI = 1/5FH.Sb.3H/h5*1H;;;;/q;;;;;+3;;;/p-5/r5FH.H3Sb/h5*1H;1H3/q;;;;;+3/p-5

| SMILES = [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[SbH3+3]

| InChIKey = CCIMPPQYTRNALI-RNQIAQHSAI

| InChI1 = 1/5FH.Sb/h5*1H;/q;;;;;+3/p-5

| InChIKey1 = QURIHDPNDNCSEV-AACRGIKGAU

| SMILES1 = [SbH3+3].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-]

| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}

| StdInChI = 1S/5FH.Sb/h5*1H;/q;;;;;+3/p-5

| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}

| StdInChIKey = QURIHDPNDNCSEV-UHFFFAOYSA-I

| CASNo = 7783-70-2

| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}

| PubChem =

| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}

| ChemSpiderID = 10617727

| RTECS = CC5800000

| UNNumber = 1732

}}

| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties

| Formula = SbF₅

| MolarMass = 216.74 g/mol

| Appearance = colorless oily liquid <br> [[hygroscopic]]

| Odor = pungent

| Density = 2.99 g/cm³ <ref>{{RubberBible87th}}</ref>

| MeltingPtC = 8.3

| BoilingPtC = 149.5

| Solubility = Reacts

| SolubleOther = soluble in [[potassium fluoride|KF]], liquid [[sulfur dioxide|SO₂]]

}}

| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards

| ExternalMSDS = [http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0220.htm ICSC 0220]

| EUClass = Harmful ('''Xn''')<br/>Dangerous for the environment ('''N''')

| EUIndex = 051-003-00-9

| NFPA-H = 4

| NFPA-F = 0

| NFPA-R = 1

| NFPA-O = W

| RPhrases = {{R20/22}}, {{R51/53}}

| SPhrases = {{S2}}, {{S61}}

| FlashPt =

| PEL =

}}

| Section8 = {{Chembox Related

| OtherCpds = [[Antimony trifluoride]]

| OtherAnions = [[Antimony pentachloride]]

| OtherCations = [[Phosphorus pentafluoride]]<br/>[[Arsenic pentafluoride]]<br/>[[Bismuth pentafluoride]]

}}

'''Antimony pentafluoride''' is the [[inorganic compound]] with the formula [[Antimony|Sb]][[Fluorine|F]]₅. This colourless, viscous liquid is a valuable [[Lewis acid]] and a component of the [[superacid]] [[fluoroantimonic acid]], the strongest known acid. It is notable for its [[Lewis acid]]ity and its ability to react with almost all known compounds.<ref>Olah, G. A.; Prakash, G. K. S.; Wang, Q.; Li, X.-y."Antimony(V) Fluoride" in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis (Ed: L. Paquette) 2004, J. Wiley & Sons, New York. DOI: 10.1002/047084289.</ref>

Antimony pentafluoride is prepared by the reaction of [[antimony pentachloride]] with anhydrous [[hydrogen fluoride]]:<ref name=Ullmann>Sabina C. Grund, Kunibert Hanusch, Hans J. Breunig, Hans Uwe Wolf “Antimony and Antimony Compounds” in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 2006, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. {{doi| 10.1002/14356007.a03_055.pub2}}</ref>

It can also be prepared from antimony trifluoride and fluorine.<ref>Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. Vol. 1. p. 200.</ref>

In the gas phase, SbF₅ adopts a trigonal bipyramidal structure of D_3h [[symmetry group|point group symmetry]] (see picture). The material adopts a more complicated structure in the liquid and solid states. The liquid contains polymers wherein each Sb is octahedral, the structure being described with the formula [SbF₄(μ-F)₂]_''n'' ((μ-F) denotes the fact that fluoride centres [[bridging ligand|bridge]] two Sb centres). The crystalline material is a tetramer, meaning that it has the formula [SbF₄(μ-F)]₄. The Sb-F bonds are 2.02 Å within the eight-membered Sb₄F₄ ring; the remaining fluoride ligands radiating from the four Sb centers are shorter at 1.82 Å.<ref>Edwards, A. J.; Taylor, P. "Crystal structure of Antimony Pentafluoride" Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications 1971, pp. 1376-7.{{DOI|10.1039/C29710001376}}</ref> The related species PF₅ and AsF₅ are [[monomer]]ic in the solid and liquid states, probably due to the smaller sizes of the central atom, which limits their coordination number. BiF₅ is a polymer.<ref>Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.</ref>

SbF₅ is a strong Lewis acid, exceptionally so toward sources of F⁻ to give the very stable anion [SbF₆]⁻, called hexafluoroantimonate. [SbF₆]⁻ reacts with additional SbF₅ to give [Sb₂F₁₁]⁻:

:SbF₅ + [SbF₆]⁻ → [Sb₂F₁₁]⁻

In the same way that SbF₅ enhances the [[Brønsted-Lowry acid|Brønsted acidity]] of HF, it enhances the [[oxidation|oxidizing]] power of F₂. This effect is illustrated by the oxidation of [[oxygen]]:<ref>Shamir, J.; Binenboym, J. "Dioxygenyl Salts" Inorganic Syntheses, 1973, XIV, 109-122. {{ISSN|0073-8077}}</ref>

:2 SbF₅ + F₂ + 2 O₂ → 2 {{chem|[O|2|]|+|[SbF|6|]|-}}

Antimony pentafluoride has also been used in the first discovered chemical reaction that produces [[fluorine]] gas from fluoride compounds:

:4 {{chem|SbF|5}} + 2 {{chem|K|2|MnF|6}} → 4 {{chem|KSbF|6}} + 2 {{chem|MnF|3}} + {{chem|F|2}}

The driving force for this reaction is the high affinity of SbF₅ for {{chem|F|-}}, which is the same property that recommends the use of SbF₅ to generate superacids.

SbF₅ reacts violently with many compounds, often releasing dangerous [[hydrogen fluoride]]. It is corrosive to the skin and eyes.<ref name="ipcs">{{cite web | publisher = Commission of the European Communities (CEC) | author = International Programme on Chemical Safety | title = Antimony pentafluoride | accessdate = 2010-05-10 | year = 2005 | url = http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0220.htm }}</ref><ref name="ec">{{cite web | url = http://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/chemicals/cn/Antimony%A0Pentafluoride.html | title = Chemical Database - Antimony Pentafluoride | accessdate = 2010-05-10 | author = Barbalace, Kenneth | year = 2006 | publisher = Environmental Chemistry }}</ref>

*[http://www.npi.gov.au/database/substance-info/profiles/10.html National Pollutant Inventory - Antimony and compounds fact sheet]

*[http://www.npi.gov.au/database/substance-info/profiles/44.html National Pollutant Inventory - Fluoride compounds fact sheet]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Antimony Pentafluoride}}

[[Category:Antimony compounds]]

[[ar:فلوريد أنتيموان خماسي]]

[[cs:Fluorid antimoničný]]

[[de:Antimon(V)-fluorid]]

[[fr:Pentafluorure d'antimoine]]

[[ko:오플루오르안티몬산]]

[[it:Pentafluoruro di antimonio]]

[[hu:Antimon-pentafluorid]]

[[nl:Antimoon(V)fluoride]]

[[ja:五フッ化アンチモン]]

[[pl:Pentafluorek antymonu]]

[[pt:Pentafluoreto de antimônio]]

[[fi:Antimonipentafluoridi]]

[[zh:五氟化锑]]