Carbamoyl phosphate: Difference between revisions

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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}

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| UNII = GC5KZW01Q3

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| InChI = 1S/CH4NO5P/c2-1(3)7-8(4,5)6/h(H2,2,3)(H2,4,5,6)

| InChIKey = FFQKYPRQEYGKAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N

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| Formula = CH₂NO₅P²⁻

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'''Carbamoyl phosphate''' is an [[anion]] of biochemical significance. In land-dwelling animals, it is an [[Metabolic intermediate|intermediary metabolite]] in [[nitrogen]] disposal through the [[urea cycle]] and the synthesis of [[pyrimidine]]s. Its enzymatic counterpart, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (CPS I), interacts with a class of molecules called [[sirtuin]]s, NAD dependent protein deacetylases, and ATP to form carbamoyl phosphate. CP then enters the urea cycle in which it reacts with [[ornithine]] (a process catalyzed by the enzyme [[ornithine transcarbamylase]]) to form [[citrulline]].

== Classification ==

Carbamoyl phosphate is a [[metabolic intermediate]] in a [[Metabolic pathway|pathway]] that involves [[nitrogen]] disposal through the [[urea cycle]] and the [[biosynthesis]] of [[pyrimidine]]s.<ref name="pmid20301396">{{cite book |vauthors=Adam MP, Feldman J, Mirzaa GM, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJ, Gripp KW, Amemiya A, Ah Mew N, Simpson KL, Gropman AL, Lanpher BC, Chapman KA, Summar ML |section=Urea Cycle Disorders Overview |veditors=Adam MP, Feldman J, Mirzaa GM, etal |title=Gene Reviews |publisher=University of Washington, Seattle |date=1993 |pmid=20301396}}</ref>

==Production==

It is produced from [[bicarbonate]], [[ammonia]] (derived from [[amino acids]]), and [[phosphate]] (from [[Adenosine triphosphate|ATP]]).<ref name=":0">{{cite book | vauthors = Bhagavan NV, Ha CE |chapter=Protein and Amino Acid Metabolism |date=2015 |title=Essentials of Medical Biochemistry |edition=Second |pages=227–268| veditors = Bhagavan NV, Ha CE|location=San Diego|publisher=Academic Press|language=en|doi=10.1016/b978-0-12-416687-5.00015-4|isbn=978-0-12-416687-5 }}</ref> The synthesis is catalyzed by the enzyme [[carbamoyl phosphate synthetase]].<ref name=":0" /> This uses three reactions as follows:

* {{chem|HCO|3|−}} + ATP → ADP + {{chem|HO–C(O)–OPO|3|2−}} (carboxyl phosphate)

* {{chem|HO–C(O)–OPO|3|2−}} + NH₃ + OH⁻ → {{chem|HPO|4|2−}} + [[Carbamate|⁻O–C(O)NH₂]] + H₂O

*⁻O–C(O)NH₂ + ATP → ADP + {{chem|H|2|NC(O)OPO|3|2−}}

== Clinical significance ==

A defect in the CPS I enzyme, and a subsequent deficiency in the production of carbamoyl phosphate has been linked to [[hyperammonemia]] in humans.<ref name="pmid19410549">{{cite journal | vauthors = Nakagawa T, Lomb DJ, Haigis MC, Guarente L | title = SIRT5 Deacetylates carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 and regulates the urea cycle | journal = Cell | volume = 137 | issue = 3 | pages = 560–570 | date = May 2009 | pmid = 19410549 | pmc = 2698666 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2009.02.026 | name-list-style = vanc }}</ref>

== See also ==

*[[Citrulline]]

*[[Urea cycle|Urea Cycle]]

== References ==

{{reflist}}

=== Further reading ===

{{refbegin}}

* {{cite book| vauthors = Nelson DL, Cox MM |title= Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry fourth edition |publisher= W. H. Freeman and company |location= New York |isbn= 978-0-7167-4339-2 |year= 2005 |url-access= registration |url= https://archive.org/details/lehningerprincip00lehn_0 }}

{{refend}}