Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation/VerifiedDataSandbox and Thallium(I) sulfide: Difference between pages

| Verifiedfields = changed

| Watchedfields = changed

| verifiedrevid = 470605697

| ImageFile = Thallium(I)-sulfid.png

| ImageSize = 240px

| ImageCaption = Unit cell of thallium sulfide.

| ImageAlt = Unit cell of thallium sulfide under standard conditions. The yellow atoms represent the sulfur anions.

|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers

| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}

| CASNo = 1314-97-2

| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}

| UNII = W63QXT8PYG

| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}

| SMILES = S([Tl])[Tl]

| PubChem = 16683485

| EINECS = 215-250-8

|Section2={{Chembox Properties

| Formula = Tl₂S

| MolarMass = 440.833 g/mol

| Appearance = black crystalline solid

| Density = 8.390 g/cm³

| MeltingPtC = 448

| BoilingPtC = 1367

| Solubility =

| MagSus = −88.8·10⁻⁶ cm³/mol

|Section3={{Chembox Structure

| CrystalStruct = [[Trigonal]], [[Pearson symbol|hR81]]

| SpaceGroup = R3, No. 146

| LattConst_a = 12.150(2) Å

| LattConst_c = 18.190(4) Å

| UnitCellVolume = 2325.57 ų

| UnitCellFormulas = 27

| LattConst_ref = <ref>{{Cite journal | doi=10.1006/jssc.2002.9711| title=Tl2S: Re-Determination of Crystal Structure and Stereochemical Discussion| journal=Journal of Solid State Chemistry| volume=168| issue=1| pages=322–330| year=2002| last1=Giester| first1=G.| last2=Lengauer| first2=C.L.| last3=Tillmanns| first3=E.| last4=Zemann| first4=J.| bibcode=2002JSSCh.168..322G}}</ref>

|Section7={{Chembox Hazards

| MainHazards =

| FlashPt =

| AutoignitionPt =

'''Thallium(I) sulfide''', Tl₂S, is a chemical compound of [[thallium]] and [[sulfur]].

This salt was used in some of the earliest photo-electric detectors by [[Theodore Case]] who developed the so-called thalofide (sometimes spelt thallofide) cell, used in early film projectors. Case described the detector material as consisting of thallium, oxygen and sulfur,<ref>{{cite journal| title = Thalofide Cell"—a New Photo-Electric Substance| author = T. W. Case | journal = Phys. Rev. | volume = 15| year =1920| issue = 4| page = 289| doi = 10.1103/PhysRev.15.289|bibcode = 1920PhRv...15..289C }}</ref> and this was incorrectly described by others as being thallium oxysulfide, which incidentally is a compound that is not known. Case's work was then built on by R.J. Cashman who recognised that the controlled oxidation of the Tl₂S film was key to the operation of the cell.<ref name="Lovell">{{cite journal| title = Cashman thallous sulfide cell| author = D. J. Lovell| journal = Appl. Opt. | volume = 10| issue = 5| pages = 1003–8| year =1971| doi = 10.1364/AO.10.001003| pmid = 20094592| bibcode = 1971ApOpt..10.1003L}}</ref> Cashman's work culminated in the development of long wave infrared detectors used during the Second World War.<ref>American patent 2448517, filed 1944, granted 1948</ref> Reliable Tl₂S detectors were also developed in Germany at the same time.<ref name="Lovell"/> <br />Tl₂S is found in nature as the mineral carlinite<ref>{{cite web| publisher = webmineral| url = http://webmineral.com/data/Carlinite.shtml| access-date = 2009-06-06| title =Carlinite}}</ref> which has the distinction of being the only sulfide mineral of thallium that does not contain at least two metals. Tl₂S has a distorted anti-CdI₂ structure.<ref>{{cite journal| title = Tl₂S: Re-Determination of Crystal Structure and Stereochemical Discussion |first1 = G. |last1 =Giester|first2 = C. L. |last2 =Lengauer|first3 = E. |last3 =Tillmanns |first4 = J. |last4 =Zemann|author-link4 = Josef Zemann| journal = Journal of Solid State Chemistry| volume = 168| year =2002| issue = 1 | page =322 | doi = 10.1006/jssc.2002.9711|bibcode = 2002JSSCh.168..322G }}</ref><br/>

Tl₂S can be prepared from the elements or by precipitating the sulfide from a solution of thallium(I), e.g. the [[thallium(I) sulfate|sulfate]] or nitrate. Thin films have been deposited, produced from a mixture of citratothallium complex and thiourea. Heating the film in nitrogen at 300°C converts all the product into Tl₂S <ref>{{cite journal| title = Crystalline structure of chemically deposited thallium sulfide thin films| author = V. Estrella, M. T. S. Nair and P. K. Nair | journal = Thin Solid Films | volume = 414| year =2002| issue = 2| page = 281 | doi = 10.1016/S0040-6090(02)00500-X|bibcode = 2002TSF...414..281E }}</ref>

==References==

{{reflist}}

{{Thallium compounds}}

{{Sulfides}}

[[Category:Sulfides]]

[[Category:Thallium(I) compounds]]