Wikipedia:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation/VerifiedDataSandbox and Zinc phosphate: Difference between pages

| Watchedfields = changed

| verifiedrevid = 470636632

| Name = Zinc phosphate

| ImageFile = Fosforečnan zinečnatý.PNG

| ImageName = Zinc phosphate

| IUPACName = Zinc phosphate

| OtherNames =

| SystematicName =

| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers

| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}

| ChemSpiderID = 22927

| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}

| UNII = 1E2MCT2M62

| InChI = 1/2H3O4P.3Zn/c2*1-5(2,3)4;;;/h2*(H3,1,2,3,4);;;/q;;3*+2/p-6

| InChIKey = LRXTYHSAJDENHV-CYFPFDDLAR

| SMILES = [Zn+2].[Zn+2].[Zn+2].[O-]P([O-])(=O)[O-].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O

| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}

| StdInChI = 1S/2H3O4P.3Zn/c2*1-5(2,3)4;;;/h2*(H3,1,2,3,4);;;/q;;3*+2/p-6

| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}

| StdInChIKey = LRXTYHSAJDENHV-UHFFFAOYSA-H

| CASNo = 7779-90-0

| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}

| PubChem = 24519

| RTECS = TD0590000

| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties

| Zn = 3|P = 2|O = 12|H = 4

| MolarMass =

| Appearance = white solid

| Density = 3.998 g/cm³

| MeltingPtC = 900

| BoilingPtC = 158

| Solubility = insoluble

| RefractIndex = 1.595

| MagSus = −141.0·10⁻⁶

cm³/mol

| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure

| CrystalStruct = monoclinic

| Section4 = {{Chembox Thermochemistry

| DeltaHf = − 2891.2 ± 3.3

}}

| Section5 =

| Section6 =

| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards

| NFPA-H = 2

| NFPA-F = 0

| NFPA-R = 0

| NFPA-S =

| FlashPt = Non-flammable

| Section8 = {{Chembox Related

| OtherAnions =

| OtherCations =

| OtherCompounds =

}}

'''Zinc phosphate''' is an [[inorganic compound]] with the formula [[Zinc|Zn₃]]([[Phosphate|PO₄]])₂. This white powder is widely used as a [[corrosion]] resistant coating on [[metal]] surfaces either as part of an [[electroplating]] process or applied as a [[Primer (paint)|primer]] [[pigment]] (see also [[red lead]]). It has largely displaced toxic materials based on lead or chromium, and by 2006 it had become the most commonly used corrosion inhibitor.<ref name="Kalendov´a2006">{{cite journal

| last = Kalendov´a

| first = A.

| last2 = Kalenda

| first2 = P.

| last3 = Vesel´y

| first3 = D.

| title = Comparison of the efficiency of inorganic nonmetal pigments with zinc powder in anticorrosion paints

| journal = Progress in Organic Coatings

| volume = 57

| pages = 1–10

| publisher = Elsevier

| date = 2006

| language = en

| doi = 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2006.05.015

}}</ref><ref name=Ull>{{Ullmann|title=Pigments, Inorganic 5. Anticorrosive Pigments

|first1=G.|last1=Etzrodt|year=2012|doi=10.1002/14356007.n20_n04}}</ref> Zinc phosphate coats better on a crystalline structure than bare metal, so a seeding agent is often used as a pre-treatment. One common agent is [[sodium pyrophosphate]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pfonline.com/articles/099606.html |title=Zinc Phosphate Coatings on NonFerrous Substrates -- Part I |last=Menke |first=Joseph T. | publisher=PFOnline |access-date=2006-08-07}}</ref>

==Minerals==

Natural forms of zinc phosphate include minerals [[hopeite]] and [[parahopeite]]. A somewhat similar mineral is natural hydrous zinc phosphate called [[tarbuttite]], Zn₂(PO₄)(OH). Both are known from oxidation zones of Zn ore beds and were formed through oxidation of [[sphalerite]] by the presence of phosphate-rich solutions. The anhydrous form has not yet been found naturally.

== Use ==

=== Dentistry ===

Zinc phosphate cement is ''the'' classic [[dental cement]] par excellence. It is commonly used for [[luting agent|luting]] permanent metal and [[zirconium dioxide]]<ref>Raab D: Befestigung von Zirkonoxidkeramiken. DENTALZEIZUNG 2007: 6; 32-34. http://www.zwp-online.info/archiv/pub/pim/dz/2007/dz0607/dz607_032_034_hoffmann.pdf</ref><ref>Raab D: Befestigung von Vollkeramiken aus Zirkonoxid. ZAHNARZT WIRTSCHAFT PRAXIS 2007: 12; 98-101. http://www.zwp-online.info/archiv/pub/gim/zwp/2007/zwp1207/zwp1207_098_101_hoffmann.pdf</ref><ref>Raab D: Fixation of all ceramic restorations – the advantages of cementation. DENTAL INC 2008: March / April 50-53.</ref><ref>Raab D: Befestigung von Zirkonoxidkeramiken. ZAHN PRAX 2008: 11; 16-19.</ref><ref>Raab D: Fixation of full ceramic restorations – the advantages of cementation. 全瓷修复的粘接 — 水门汀的优势. DENTAL INC Chinese Edition 2008: Sonderdruck.</ref><ref>Raab D: Konventionelle Befestigung von Vollkeramikrestaurationen. ZAHN PRAX 2009: 12; 84-86.</ref> restorations and as a base for [[dental restoration]]s. Zinc phosphate cement is used for cementation of [[inlay]]s, [[crown (dentistry)|crowns]], [[bridge (dentistry)|bridges]], and [[orthodontic]] appliances and occasionally as a [[temporary restoration]].

It is prepared by mixing [[zinc oxide]] (ZnO) and [[magnesium oxide]] (MgO) powders with a liquid consisting principally of [[phosphoric acid]], water, and [[buffer solution|buffers]]. It is the standard cement to measure against. It has the longest track record of use in dentistry.

In recent years, newer adhesive cements on a different chemical basis have been added (e.g. [[glass ionomer cement]]), but they have not displaced the classic phosphate cement, which continues to hold its own in the dental market with its simple and safe processing and good price-performance ratio. Zinc phosphate cement has only a low flexural strength and it does not stick to the dentin (it is a cement and not an adhesive).

Zinc phosphate cement has high compressive strength, low film thickness, minimal setting shrinkage and thermal expansion and is biocompatible. Compared to other luting materials such as glass ionomer cement or composites, zinc phosphate cement is less sensitive to moisture. The excess produced during the cementation of dental restorations can be easily removed.

Zinc phosphate cement has a high adhesive capacity to the tooth, metal, or even zirconium oxide.

Despite its strong acidity, zinc phosphate cement does not damage the pulp (or the tooth nerve) during the setting phase. It is therefore used as liner to protect the pulp under composite fillings.

Well-known dental brands in Germany and the world for zinc phosphate cement are Harvard cement and Hoffmann's cement. Otto Hoffmann invented this cement in 1892 and had it patented. Until the beginning of the First World War, he had a worldwide monopoly position with his cement.

==References==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==

{{Zinc compounds}}

{{Phosphates}}

[[Category:Phosphates]]

[[Category:Zinc compounds|phosphate]]

[[Category:Inorganic pigments]]

[[Category:Corrosion inhibitors]]

[[Category:Dental materials]]

{{inorganic-compound-stub}}