Reverse smoking
Reverse smoking is a kind of smoking where the burnt end of a hand rolled tobacco leaf is put in the mouth rather than the unlit end of the cigar.[1] It is practiced in some parts of Andhra Pradesh, India, Lusaka, Zambia and the Philippines. While conventional smoking is more prevalent among men,[2] studies suggest that reverse smoking is a more common among women than men.[3][4] Reverse smoking is considered to be a risk factor for oral cancer.[5]
Reverse smoking may cause a pre-malignant version of Stomatitis nicotina,[6] also called "smoker's palate", characterized by melanin depigmentation and epithelial thinning.[7][8]
References
- ^ Pindborg, Jens J.; Daftary, Dinesh K.; Mehta, Fali S. (1977). "A follow-up study of sixty-one oral dysplastic precancerous lesions in Indian villagers". Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology. 43 (3): 383–90. doi:10.1016/0030-4220(77)90325-5. PMID 265042.
- ^ Higgins, Stephen T.; Kurti, Allison N.; Redner, Ryan; White, Thomas J.; Gaalema, Diann E.; Roberts, Megan E.; Doogan, Nathan J.; Tidey, Jennifer W.; Miller, Mollie E.; Stanton, Cassandra A.; Henningfield, Jack E.; Atwood, Gary S. (2015-11-01). "A literature review on prevalence of gender differences and intersections with other vulnerabilities to tobacco use in the United States, 2004-2014". Preventive Medicine. 80: 89–100. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.06.009. ISSN 1096-0260. PMC 4592404. PMID 26123717.
- ^ Dharmavaram, Ayesha Thabusum; Nallakunta, Rajesh; Reddy, Sudhakara Reddy; Chennoju, Sai Kiran (2016-04-01). "Demystifying the Enigma of Smoking – An Observational Comparative Study on Tobacco Smoking". Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 10 (4): ZC94–ZC99. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2016/16359.7677. ISSN 2249-782X. PMC 4866260. PMID 27190962.
- ^ Gupta, P C; Mehta, F S; Pindborg, J J (1984-10-06). "Mortality among reverse chutta smokers in south India". British Medical Journal (Clinical Research Ed.). 289 (6449): 865–866. doi:10.1136/bmj.289.6449.865. ISSN 0267-0623. PMC 1443430. PMID 6434115.
- ^ Bharath, Tsreenivasa; Kumar, Ngovind Raj; Nagaraja, A; Saraswathi, TR; Babu, Gsuresh; Raju, Pramanjaneya (2015). "Palatal changes of reverse smokers in a rural coastal Andhra population with review of literature". Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. 19 (2): 182–7. doi:10.4103/0973-029X.164530. PMC 4611926. PMID 26604494.
- ^ Werning, John W. (2007). Oral Cancer: Diagnosis, Management, and Rehabilitation. Thieme. ISBN 978-3-13-135811-0.
- ^ Hedin, C. a; Pindborg, J. J.; Daftary, D. K.; Mehta, F. S. (1992-11-01). "Melanin depigmentation of the palatal mucosa in reverse smokers: a preliminary study". Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine. 21 (10): 440–444. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0714.1992.tb00971.x. ISSN 0904-2512. PMID 1460582.
- ^ John, Hussain Ali S; Dakhale, Rishika; Sedani, Shweta; Ahuja, Kajal P (2023). "Smoker's Palate: An Often Misunderstood Benign Lesion of the Oral Cavity". Cureus. 15 (11): e48868. doi:10.7759/cureus.48868. ISSN 2168-8184. PMC 10724502. PMID 38106782.
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