Chimgi-Tura

Chimgi-Tura^[1] or Chingi-Tura^[2] (Siberian Tatar: Цимке-тора, Russian: Чинги-Тура) was a medieval city in the 12th to 16th centuries located in Western Siberia. After the Russian conquest, it was refounded as Tyumen.^[2]^[3]

Name

The word "tura" (тора) in Siberian Tatar means "city". According to Utemish Haji, the word "Tura" was used in both Western Siberia and Bashkortostan.^[4]

History

According to Russian historian Hadi Atlasi, Taibugha founded the settlement which was then named Chinkidin in honor of Genghis Khan. The settlement later evolved into Chimgi-Tura.^[5]

It was a capital of the Khanate of Sibir until the early 16th century, when its ruler Khan Muhammad decided not to remain at Chimgi-Tura, and chose a new capital named Qashliq located on the Irtysh.^[6]

After the Cossack ataman Yermak Timofeyevich conquered the Siberian Khanate in the 1580s, the city of Chimgi-Tura was abandoned or burned. In 1586, the Russian fort Tyumen was built nearby. Modern Tyumen, one of the centres of the Russian oil industry, covers the site where Chimgi-Tura used to stand.^[7]

References

^ Christian, David (12 March 2018). A History of Russia, Central Asia and Mongolia, Volume II: Inner Eurasia from the Mongol Empire to Today, 1260 - 2000. John Wiley & Sons. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-631-21039-9.
^ ^a ^b Monahan, Erika (1 April 2016). The Merchants of Siberia: Trade in Early Modern Eurasia. Cornell University Press. p. 259. ISBN 978-1-5017-0396-6.
^ Akiner, Shirin (5 September 2013). Islamic Peoples Of The Soviet Union. Routledge. p. 95. ISBN 978-1-136-14266-6.
^ Тоган Валиди. А. История Башкир / Перевод с турецк. и вступ. ст. А.М. Юлдашбаева. Уфа: Китап, 2010. С. 37.
^ Bukharaev, Ravil (2014). Islam in Russia: The Four Seasons. Routledge. p. 252. ISBN 978-1-136-80793-0.
^ Forsyth, James (1994). A History of Peoples of Siberia: Russia's North Asian Colony, 1581-1990. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 25–26. ISBN 0521477719. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
^ Longworth, Philip (1970). The Cossacks. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-03-081855-4.

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[1] Christian, David (12 March 2018). A History of Russia, Central Asia and Mongolia, Volume II: Inner Eurasia from the Mongol Empire to Today, 1260 - 2000. John Wiley & Sons. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-631-21039-9.

[Monahan-2] Monahan, Erika (1 April 2016). The Merchants of Siberia: Trade in Early Modern Eurasia. Cornell University Press. p. 259. ISBN 978-1-5017-0396-6.

[3] Akiner, Shirin (5 September 2013). Islamic Peoples Of The Soviet Union. Routledge. p. 95. ISBN 978-1-136-14266-6.

[4] Тоган Валиди. А. История Башкир / Перевод с турецк. и вступ. ст. А.М. Юлдашбаева. Уфа: Китап, 2010. С. 37.

[5] Bukharaev, Ravil (2014). Islam in Russia: The Four Seasons. Routledge. p. 252. ISBN 978-1-136-80793-0.

[Sib_hist-6] Forsyth, James (1994). A History of Peoples of Siberia: Russia's North Asian Colony, 1581-1990. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 25–26. ISBN 0521477719. Retrieved December 11, 2015.

[7] Longworth, Philip (1970). The Cossacks. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-03-081855-4.

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