Examine individual changes

'{{short description|40th Anniversary Of The Accession Of Queen Elizabeth II}}[[File:QUEEN ELIZABETH.jpg|thumb|The Queen visited Ottawa and Hull in 1992 to mark her Ruby Jubilee and the 125th anniversary of the Canadian Confederation.]]The '''Ruby Jubilee of Elizabeth II''' in 1992 marked the 40th anniversary of [[Elizabeth II|Queen Elizabeth II]]'s accession to the thrones of the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|United Kingdom]] and other [[Commonwealth realm|Commonwealth realms]].<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1842&dat=19930603&id=BdUdAAAAIBAJ&sjid=a8cEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4337,242916 Queen marks Ruby Jubilee]</ref> Contrary to her [[Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II|Silver Jubilee]] in 1977, there were no widespread public celebrations of the Ruby Jubilee; it was a low-key affair.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/06/world/europe/queen-elizabeth-uk-sapphire-jubilee.html|title=Queen Elizabeth II's Sapphire Jubilee Takes On Low-Key Tone (Published 2017)|first=Ceylan|last=Yeginsu|date=February 6, 2017|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref> Also, [[Elizabeth II|The Queen]] did not undertake any official engagements. ==Ruby Jubilee Lunch and ''Annus Horribilis'' Speech== [[File:Annus Horribilis.png|thumb|The Queen delivering her 'Annus Horribilis' speech at Guildhall.]] On 24 November 1992, a luncheon was held at the [[Guildhall, London]] to honour The [[Elizabeth II|Queen]]'s Ruby Jubilee on the throne. The event was attended by The Queen, The Duke of Edinburgh, The Lord Mayor and Mayoress of London and Prime Minister John Major. The Queen delivered a 'historic' speech, in which she described the year 1992 as her ''[[annus horribilis]]'' (a Latin phrase meaning 'horrible year').<ref>{{cite web|title=Annus horribilis speech, 24 November 1992|url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/ImagesandBroadcasts/Historic%20speeches%20and%20broadcasts/Annushorribilisspeech24November1992.aspx|url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090302093837/http://www.royal.gov.uk/ImagesandBroadcasts/Historic%20speeches%20and%20broadcasts/Annushorribilisspeech24November1992.aspx|archivedate=2 March 2009|publisher=The Official Website of the British Monarchy}}</ref> In that year, three of her children's marriages crumbled; a [[1992 Windsor Castle fire|fire]] destroyed more than a hundred rooms in [[Windsor Castle]]; a toe-sucking scandal involving [[Sarah, Duchess of York|The Duchess of York]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/toe-sucking-photo-drove-sarah-13384631|title=The toe-sucking photo that drove Sarah Ferguson out of the royal family|newspaper=Daily Mirror|first=Nicola|last=Oakley|date=8 October 2018}}</ref>, and the publication of [[Andrew Morton (writer)|Andrew Morton]]'s controversial book about [[Diana, Princess of Wales|The Princess of Wales]] called ''Diana: Her True Story'' caused a stir in Britain and the monarchy. As a result, the public opinion turned against the [[British royal family|Royal Family]], and due to this, the jubilee celebrations were toned down.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/the-queen-prepares-to-become-uks-first-monarch-in-history-to-celebrate-sapphire-jubile-a3454866.html|title=The Queen is about to become the first British monarch in history to reach her Sapphire Jubilee|date=January 31, 2017|website=Evening Standard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Davies|first=Caroline|date=2012-05-24|title=How the royal family bounced back from its 'annus horribilis'|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/may/24/royal-family-bounced-back-annus-horribilis|url-status=live|website=The Guardian|language=en}}</ref> In addition to that, Mauritius, one of The Queen's realms, became a republic on 10 March; on 22 October during a state visit to Germany, angry demonstrators in Dresden threw eggs at her, and on 17 December, the Australian government of republican Paul Keating announced that the Queen would be dropped from the Australian citizenship oath. ==Commemoration== {{multiple image | align = right | total_width = 450 | image1 = Queen Elizabeth II 40th anniversay oak trees, Grosvenor Park, Chester - DSC08002.JPG | caption1 = Four oak trees commemorating the Ruby Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II at [[Grosvenor Park, Chester|Grosvenor Park]], Chester. | image2 = Queen Elizabeth II 40th anniversary plaque, Grosvenor Park, Chester - DSC08001.JPG | caption2 = A plaque next to the commemorative oak trees at [[Grosvenor Park, Chester|Grosvenor Park]], Chester marking 40th anniversary of The Queen's accession to the throne. | image3 = Clipsham Yew Tree Avenue - The Queen's 40th Anniversay - geograph.org.uk - 1533718.jpg | caption3 = A Yew clipped at Yew Tree Avenue, Clipsham, Lincolnshire to commemorate the 40th anniversary of The Queen's accession in 1992. }} ===United Kingdom=== Numerous stamps and coins marking 40 years of Elizabeth II as Queen were released by the [[United Kingdom]] (including its [[Crown dependencies]] and [[British Overseas Territories|Overseas territories]]), [[Commonwealth realms]] and some former [[List of states headed by Elizabeth II|realms]] of The Queen. On the accession day of The Queen, Prime Minister John Major and the leader of the opposition John Smith gave statements of congratulations to The Queen for reaching the Ruby Jubilee, in the House of Commons. A banquet was hosted at [[Spencer House, London|Spencer House]] by then-current ([[John Major]]) and former Prime Ministers ([[Harold Wilson]], [[Edward Heath]], [[James Callaghan]] and [[Margaret Thatcher]]) on 27 July 1992 to celebrate the 40th anniversary of The Queen's accession. The royal party that attended the banquet were [[Elizabeth II|The Queen]], [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|The Duke of Edinburgh]] and [[Charles, Prince of Wales|The Prince]] and [[Diana, Princess of Wales|Princess of Wales]].<ref>{{cite news|author=Valentine Low|title=National Archives: Eagle-eyed aide saved John Major from Queen tax gaffe|url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/national-archives-eagle-eyed-aide-saved-john-major-from-queen-tax-gaffe-vpqpxqxjf|work=The Times|date=28 December 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Poster Print of Politics - Former Prime Ministers Dinner - Spencer House - 1992|url=https://prints.paimages.co.uk/archive/politics-prime-ministers-dinner-spencer-house-1992/politics-prime-ministers-dinner-spencer-house-2982363.html|work=PA Images|date=5 January 2009}}</ref> A grand gala celebration of forty years of The Queen's reign, entitled''' 'The Great Event' ''', was held at London's Earl's Court on 26 October 1992. It was organized by the Royal Anniversary Trust<ref>{{cite news|title= About the Prizes|url=https://www.queensanniversaryprizes.org.uk/about-the-prizes/|work=The Queen's Anniversary Prizes}}</ref> and televised throughout the world. The gala was attended by more than 1,700 people, including [[Elizabeth II|The Queen]], [[Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh|The Duke of Edinburgh]], [[Charles, Prince of Wales|The Prince]] and [[Diana, Princess of Wales|Princess of Wales]], [[Prince Andrew, Duke of York|The Duke of York]], [[Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex|Prince Edward]], [[Katharine, Duchess of Kent|The Duchess of Kent]], [[Princess Michael of Kent]], Prime Minister [[John Major]], the leader of the opposition Labor Party, [[John Smith (Labour Party leader)|John Smith]], the Secretary-General of the Commonwealth [[Chief Emeka Anyaoku]], and the Archbishop of Canterbury, [[George Carey]].<ref name= nytimes>{{cite news|author=William E. Schmidt|title=40 Years of Glory in the New Elizabethan Age|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1992/10/28/world/40-years-of-glory-in-the-new-elizabethan-age.html|work=The New York Times|date=28 October 1992}}</ref> The programme included performances by [[Dame Vera Lynn]], pop singer [[Cliff Richard]] and [[Lonnie Donegan]]. More than 500 children, who represented the nations of the [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth]], took part during the grand finale. They wore their indigenous dresses and arranged on the stage to form a map of the world.[[File:The Queen receiving the Commonwealth Mace.jpg|thumb|The Queen receiving the Commonwealth Mace and goblets from children of the Commonwealth during the Grand Finale of The Great Event.]] During 'The Great Event' at London's Earl's Court, The Queen was presented with a special Commonwealth Mace, which was proposed by the Royal Anniversary Trust and approved by the Commonwealth Heads of Government at [[Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting 1991|Harare Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting]] in 1991, to mark the 40th anniversary of The Queen's accession to the throne. The Queen also received fifty-two silver gilt toasting [[Chalice|goblets]], one for each of the then members of the Commonwealth. The mace itself was designed by the London-based goldsmith [[Gerald Benney]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Commonwealth Mace 1992|url=https://www.rct.uk/collection/themes/exhibitions/the-queens-year/buckingham-palace/commonwealth-mace|work=Royal Collection Trust}}</ref> The Commonwealth Mace contains five kilograms of 18 carat gold, rubies, and is illustrated with the [[Royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom|Royal Coat of Arms]], the Commonwealth Symbol, and the emamelled flags of the [[Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations|member states of the Commonwealth]].<ref>{{cite book| last = Murphy| first = Philip| title = Monarchy and the End of Empire: The House of Windsor, the British Government, and the Postwar Commonwealth| publisher = [[Oxford University Press]]| date = 2013| page = 288| isbn = 9780191662188 }}</ref> [[Geoffrey Munn]], an antiques expert, described it as a “most marvellous tribute to her majesty’s reign and a lovely thing to see.”<ref>{{cite news|title=Golden mace “a symbol of The Queen’s legacy”, says Secretary-General|url=https://thecommonwealth.org/media/news/golden-mace-symbol-queens-legacy-says-secretary-general|work=The Commonwealth|date=29 May 2018}}</ref> A documentary film, named ''[[Elizabeth R: A Year in the Life of the Queen]]'' was made by the [[BBC]] to mark the [[Ruby jubilee|40th anniversary]] of the Queen's accession.<ref name=jeff>{{cite journal|author=Jeff Silverman|title=Review: "Elizabeth R: A Year in the Life of the Queen"|journal=Variety|date=15 November 1992|url=https://variety.com/1992/tv/reviews/elizabeth-r-a-year-in-the-life-of-the-queen-1200430957/}}</ref> The [[The British Royal Family|Royal family]] watched and approved of the documentary before it was broadcast on television.<ref>{{cite news|author=James Fallon|title=Prime-time Queen|url=http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1992-11-16/features/9203010005_1_queen-mother-buckingham-palace-edward-mirzoeff|newspaper=Sun Sentinel|date=16 November 1992}}</ref> The film aired on 6 February 1992, the 40th [[Accession Day]] of the Queen, and it was also broadcast in more than 25 countries around the world.<ref>{{cite web|title=Public life 1992-2001|url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/HMTheQueen/Publiclife/PublicLife1992-2001/1992-2001.aspx|work=The British Monarch}}</ref> It gained the largest audience for a documentary in the history of British television and was watched by more than half of the British population in 1992.<ref>{{cite news|author=Linda Joffee|title=Rare Video Portrait of the Queen|url=http://www.csmonitor.com/1992/0910/10121.html|work=The Christian Science Monitor|date=10 September 1992}}</ref> ===Canada=== [[File:Monument d'Élisabeth II à Ottawa.jpg|thumb|Sculpture of Queen Elizabeth II at [[Parliament Hill]]. It was unveiled in 1992 in honour of the Queen's Ruby Jubilee and the 125th anniversary of the [[Canadian Confederation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gg.ca/en/resource-centre/queen-elizabeth-ii-equestrian-monument|title=The Queen Elizabeth II Equestrian Monument|website=www.gg.ca|accessdate=25 November 2020|publisher=Governor General of Canada}}</ref>]] An equestrian sculpture of the Queen was commissioned in 1990 in order to commemorate the Ruby Jubilee and the 125th anniversary of Confederation in 1992.<ref name=canada>{{cite book|last1=Bousfield|first1=Arthur|last2=Toffoli|first2=Garry|year=2002|ref=hav|title=Fifty Years the Queen: A Tribute to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II on Her Golden Jubilee|publisher=Dundurn|isbn=9781550023602|page=200–201}}</ref> The statue was unveiled on 30 June 1992 during the Queen's 1992 [[royal tour of Canada]], which took place until 3 July.<ref name=canada/> The statue was unveiled on the grounds of [[Parliament Hill]], situated across a statue of [[Queen Victoria]], the first monarch of a confederated Canada.<ref name=canada/> The Queen undertook the royal tour in order to preside over several commemorations relating to the 125th anniversary of [[Canadian Confederation]] and her Ruby Jubilee.<ref name=canada/> On the same day she unveiled her equestrian statue, the Queen also unveiled two stained-glass windows at [[Rideau Hall]], one to commemorate her Ruby Jubilee, the other to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the appointment of the first Canadian-born governor general of Canada.<ref name=canada/> The following day, she presided over the swearing in of new members for the [[Queen's Privy Council of Canada]], before presiding over official [[Canada Day]] celebrations on Parliament Hill.<ref name=canada/> During the year, the [[parliament of Canada]] also passed a motion of congratulations to the Queen for reaching the milestone.<ref name=canada/> == See also == * [[Silver Jubilee of Elizabeth II]] * [[Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II]] * [[Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II]] * [[Sapphire Jubilee of Elizabeth II]] * [[Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II]] * [[List of monarchs in Britain by length of reign]] * [[List of Jubilees of British monarchs]] == References == {{reflist}} {{Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom}} [[Category:1992 in the United Kingdom]] [[Category:Elizabeth II]] [[Category:British monarchy]] [[Category:Events involving British royalty]] [[Category:Anniversaries]]'