Languages of Niger: Difference between revisions
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|caption =French in use on an official sign in [[Niger]] |
|caption =French in use on an official sign in [[Niger]] |
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|official = [[ |
|official = [[Hausa language|Hausa]] |
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|national = [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Buduma language|Buduma]], [[Fula language|Fulfulde]], [[Gurma language|Gourmanchéma |
|national = [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Buduma language|Buduma]], [[Fula language|Fulfulde]], [[Gurma language|Gourmanchéma]], [[Kanuri language|Kanuri]], [[Songhay languages|Zarma & Songhai]], [[Tamasheq language|Tamasheq]], [[Tasawaq language|Tassawaq]], [[Tebu languages|Tebu]] |
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}}[[File:Karte Niger - Nationalsprachen.png|thumb|upright=1.5|Ethnolinguistic map of Niger]] |
}}[[File:Karte Niger - Nationalsprachen.png|thumb|upright=1.5|Ethnolinguistic map of Niger]] |
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Niger has 11 national languages, with |
Niger has 11 national languages, with Hausa being the official and the most spoken language. Depending on how they are counted, [[Niger]] has between 8 and 20 indigenous languages, belonging to the [[Afroasiatic languages|Afroasiatic]], [[Nilo-Saharan]] and [[Niger–Congo languages|Niger–Congo]] families. The discrepancy comes from the fact that several are closely related, and can be grouped together or considered apart. |
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== Official Languages == |
== Official Languages == |
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[[French language|French]], inherited from the colonial period, is the [[official language]]. It is spoken mainly as a second language by people who have received an education (20% of Nigeriens are literate in French, and even 47% in cities, growing quickly as literacy improves<ref>http://www.odsef.fss.ulaval.ca/sites/odsef.fss.ulaval.ca/files/odsef_rr_alphab_niger_2015_final2.pdf, page 18-19.</ref>). Although educated Nigeriens still constitute a relatively small percentage of the population, the French language is the language used by the official administration (courts, government, etc.), the media and the business community. See also: [[African French]]{{citation needed|date=May 2021}} |
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[[File:Niger Maradi & Zinder (18199280551).jpg|thumb|Woman writing on a blackboard in the [[Hausa language]], southern Niger]] |
[[File:Niger Maradi & Zinder (18199280551).jpg|thumb|Woman writing on a blackboard in the [[Hausa language]], southern Niger]] |
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Niger has ten official [[national language]]s, namely [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Buduma language|Buduma]], [[Fula language|Fulfulde]], [[Gurma language|Gourmanchéma]], [[Hausa language|Hausa]], [[Kanuri language|Kanuri]], [[Songhay languages|Zarma & Songhai]], [[Tuareg languages|Tamasheq]], [[Tasawaq language|Tassawaq]], [[Tebu languages|Tebu]].<ref>[http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/afrique/niger-loi-2001-037-LNG.htm République du Niger, "Loi n° 2001-037 du 31 décembre 2001 fixant les modalités de promotion et de développement des langues nationales." L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde] (accessed 14 October 2014)</ref> These ten national languages, their language families, the approximate percentage of the population that speak them, their approximate home regions, and additional information are as follows:{{citation needed|date=May 2021}} |
Niger has ten official [[national language]]s, namely [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[Buduma language|Buduma]], [[Fula language|Fulfulde]], [[Gurma language|Gourmanchéma]], [[Hausa language|Hausa]], [[Kanuri language|Kanuri]], [[Songhay languages|Zarma & Songhai]], [[Tuareg languages|Tamasheq]], [[Tasawaq language|Tassawaq]], [[Tebu languages|Tebu]].<ref>[http://www.axl.cefan.ulaval.ca/afrique/niger-loi-2001-037-LNG.htm République du Niger, "Loi n° 2001-037 du 31 décembre 2001 fixant les modalités de promotion et de développement des langues nationales." L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde] (accessed 14 October 2014)</ref> These ten national languages, their language families, the approximate percentage of the population that speak them, their approximate home regions, and additional information are as follows:{{citation needed|date=May 2021}} |
Revision as of 20:59, 29 June 2024
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Languages of Niger | |
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![]() French in use on an official sign in Niger | |
Official | Hausa |
National | Arabic, Buduma, Fulfulde, Gourmanchéma, Kanuri, Zarma & Songhai, Tamasheq, Tassawaq, Tebu |
Vernacular | African French, Chadian Arabic |
Minority | Tamahaq, Teda, Tasawaq, Tetserret |
Foreign | English |
Signed | Francophone African Sign Language |
Keyboard layout |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Karte_Niger_-_Nationalsprachen.png/330px-Karte_Niger_-_Nationalsprachen.png)
Niger has 11 national languages, with Hausa being the official and the most spoken language. Depending on how they are counted, Niger has between 8 and 20 indigenous languages, belonging to the Afroasiatic, Nilo-Saharan and Niger–Congo families. The discrepancy comes from the fact that several are closely related, and can be grouped together or considered apart.
Official Languages
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Niger_Maradi_%26_Zinder_%2818199280551%29.jpg/220px-Niger_Maradi_%26_Zinder_%2818199280551%29.jpg)
Niger has ten official national languages, namely Arabic, Buduma, Fulfulde, Gourmanchéma, Hausa, Kanuri, Zarma & Songhai, Tamasheq, Tassawaq, Tebu.[1] These ten national languages, their language families, the approximate percentage of the population that speak them, their approximate home regions, and additional information are as follows:[citation needed]
Language | Family | Approx % | Main region | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hausa | Afro-Asiatic / Chadic | 55.4% | South, central | Main trade language[2] |
Songhai | Songhay languages (nilo-saharan) | 21% | Southwest | Zarma and Songhay are considered together |
Tamasheq | Afro-Asiatic / Berber | 9.3% | North | |
Fulfulde | Niger–Congo / Atlantic | 8.5% | All | Fulfulde of Western Niger & Central-Eastern Niger are considered together |
Kanuri | Nilo-Saharan | 4.7% | Southeast | |
Arabic | Afro-Asiatic / Semitic | 0.4% | Southeast | Particularly spoken by the Diffa Arabs mainly in the Diffa Region |
Gourmanchéma | Niger–Congo / Gur | 0.4% | Southwest corner | Spoken mainly by the Gurma people of southwest Niger |
Tebu | Nilo-Saharan | 0.4% | East | Spoken mainly by the Toubou people of Eastern Niger |
Other | N/A | 0.1% | Throughout | Any other languages |
Languages by number of speakers (according to Ethnologue)[3]
Rank | Language | Speakers in Niger |
---|---|---|
1 | Hausa | 14,500,000 |
2 | Zarma | 3,590,000 |
3 | French | 2,506,000 |
4 | Fulfulde, Central-Eastern Niger | 450,000 |
5 | Fulfulde, Western Niger | 450,000 |
6 | Tamajaq, Tawallammat | 450,000 |
7 | Kanuri, Manga | 280,000 |
8 | Tamajeq, Tayart | 250,000 |
9 | Kanuri, Yerwa | 80,000 |
10 | Dazaga | 50,000 |
11 | Kanuri, Tumari | 40,000 |
12 | Gourmanchéma | 30,000 |
13 | Tagdal | 26,900 |
14 | Kanuri, Bilma | 20,000 |
15 | Tamahaq, Tahaggart | 20,000 |
16 | Arabic, Hassaniyya | 19,000 |
17 | Arabic, Algerian Saharan Spoken | 10,000 |
18 | Tedaga | 10,000 |
19 | Arabic, Libyan Spoken | 9,300 |
20 | Arabic, Shuwa | 9,300 |
21 | Tasawaq | 8,000 |
22 | Arabic, Standard | 7,800 |
23 | Tetserret | 2,000 |
By Region
Dominant languages
Region | Languages |
---|---|
Agadez Region | Tuareg, Kanuri |
Diffa Region | Kanuri |
Dosso Region | Zarma |
Maradi Region | Hausa |
Niamey | Zarma |
Tahoua Region | Hausa |
Tillabéri Region | Zarma |
Zinder Region | Kanuri |
See also
References
- ^ République du Niger, "Loi n° 2001-037 du 31 décembre 2001 fixant les modalités de promotion et de développement des langues nationales." L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde (accessed 14 October 2014)
- ^ Ethnologue, 17th ed., Languages of Niger (accessed 14 October 2014)
- ^ "Niger". Ethnologue. Retrieved 2019-08-02.
External links
- Ethnologue report on "Languages of Niger"
- PanAfriL10n page on Niger
- Linguistic situation in Niger (in French)