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{{notability|date=July 2024}}
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{{Short description|Indian playwright (1934–2016)}}
{{Short description|Indian playwright, theatre director and banker (c. 1934–2016)}}
{{Infobox person
{{Infobox person
| name = Manuel D'Lima
| name = Manuel D'Lima
| image =
| image =
| caption =
| caption =
| birth_place = [[Porvorim, Goa]], [[Portuguese India]], [[Portuguese Empire]] (now in India)
| birth_place = [[Porvorim, Goa]], [[Portuguese India]], [[Portuguese Empire]]
| birth_date = {{circa|1934}}
| nationality = Indian
⚫
| occupation = {{hlist|Playwright|theatre director|banker|musician}}
| other_names = Manuel de Lima
| birth_date = {{circa|1934}}
| death_date = October {{death date and age|2016|1934}}
⚫
| death_place = [[Santacruz, Mumbai]], Maharashtra, India
⚫
| occupation = {{hlist|Playwright|theatre director|All India Radio artiste|banker}}
⚫
| known_for = Staging [[Christian drama|religious plays]] during [[Lent]]
| death_date = October {{death date and age|2016|1934}}
| notable_works = ''Soddvondar'' (1970s)
⚫
| death_place = [[Santacruz, Mumbai]], Maharashtra, India
| employer = [[Bank of India]]
⚫
| known_for = Staging [[Christian drama|religious plays]] during [[Lent]]
| employer = [[Bank of India]]
| years_active = 1970s–2000s
| module = {{Infobox musical artist
| embed = yes
| genre = {{hlist|[[Goan music]]|[[beat music]]}}
| past_member_of = The Syndicate
}}
}}
}}


'''Manuel D'Lima'''{{efn|(alternatively spelt as '''Manuel de Lima''')}} ({{circa|1934}} – October 2016)<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |title=TIATR 125th Anniversary Commemorative Volume |publisher=[[Tiatr Academy of Goa]] |year=2019 |location=[[Panaji, Goa]] |pages=87}}</ref> was an Indian former playwright, theatre director, [[All India Radio]] artiste, and banker known for his work in ''[[tiatr]]'' productions and [[playlets]] during the 1970s.
'''Manuel J. D'Lima'''{{efn|alternatively spelt as '''Manuel de Lima'''}} ({{circa|1934}} – October 2016) was an Indian playwright, theatre director, and musician known for his work in ''[[tiatr]]'' productions and [[radio play]]s, and also a banker. He began his career in his hometown of [[Porvorim, Goa]]. Following his move to [[Santacruz, Mumbai|Santacruz, Bombay]], D'Lima began to produce commercial theatre productions. Later, he began to write radio plays and [[Radio comedy|skits]] on [[All India Radio]], [[Bombay]]. A former member of the [[Goan]] [[cover band]] The Syndicate, D'Lima became known mainly for his [[liturgical drama|religious plays]] that he staged during the [[Lent]] season in [[Goa]] or Bombay. D'Lima is one of the early writers of religious ''tiatrs'' that were staged in the mid-1970s.


==Early life==
==Early life==
[[File:A view from Porvorim hill.jpg|thumb|View from a hill in Porvorim, Goa, where D'Lima spent his early years.]]
There is limited information available about the life of D'Lima. Hailing from the town of [[Porvorim]], [[Bardez]], in the state of [[Goa]], D'Lima initially embarked on his stage career within his home region. There, he wrote and staged [[Konkani language|Konkani]] ''[[tiatrs]]'', a distinctive form of [[musical theatre]] indigenous to Goa. These productions found an appreciative audience in Porvorim.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ |title=100 Years of Konkani Tiatro |date=2000 |publisher=Government of Goa, Directorate of Art & Culture |pages=173 |language=en}}</ref>
D'Lima was born in around 1934 in the town of [[Porvorim]], in the colony of [[Goa]], which was then part of [[Portuguese India]] (now located in India). He initially began his stage career in his home region writing and staging [[Konkani language|Konkani]] ''[[tiatrs]]'', a form of [[musical theatre]] indigenous to Goa. These productions found an audience in Porvorim.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Mazarello |first=Wilson |author-link=Wilson Mazarello |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ |title=100 Years of Konkani Tiatro |date=2000 |publisher=Government of Goa, Directorate of Art & Culture |pages=173, 339 |access-date=2024-01-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240107200151/https://books.google.com/books?id=K-1PAQAAIAAJ |archive-date=2024-01-07 |url-status=live}}</ref>


==Career==
==Career==
=== Introduction to theatre and radio in Bombay, British India ===
Seeking broader horizons, D'Lima ventured to [[Bombay]] (now Mumbai), a [[metropolis]] known for its vibrant [[entertainment industry]]. In Bombay, he showcased his creative talents by presenting his first major ''[[tiatr]]'', ''Ek Oklek Don Noure'' (The Girlfriend with Two Boyfriends), in support of Socorro-Union. This successful endeavor paved the way for D'Lima's recognition as a writer of repute. D'Lima's artistic journey also intersected with [[All India Radio]], the [[state-owned]] [[Public broadcasting|public]] [[radio broadcaster]] in India, where he secured a position as a regular artist. On this platform, also known as [[Akashvani (radio broadcaster)|Akashvani]], D'Lima had a [[listenership]] for his small [[playlets]], contributing approximately 100 of these dramatic pieces. The audience's reception affirmed his skill as a playwright and performer.<ref name=":0" />
D'Lima then moved to [[Bombay, British India]] (now Mumbai, India), a metropolis known for its vibrant [[entertainment industry]]. There he presented his first major ''tiatr'', ''Ek Oklek Don Noure'' (The Bride With Two Bridegrooms), in support of Socorro-Union, a type of [[social club]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Da Silva |first=Fernando Monte |date=18 July 2015 |title=Goa's social clubs facing youthful dis-membering? |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Review/Goa-Social/Goa%E2%80%99s-social-clubs-facing-youthful-dismembering/91207 |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=oHeraldo |archive-date=2024-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707061128/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Review/Goa-Social/Goa%E2%80%99s-social-clubs-facing-youthful-dismembering/91207 |url-status=live }}</ref> in [[Socorro, Goa]].{{when?|date=July 2024}} D'Lima also began work with [[All India Radio]], the [[state-owned]] [[Public broadcasting|public]] radio broadcaster in Bombay, India. On this platform, also known as [[Akashvani (radio broadcaster)|Akashvani]], he wrote approximately 100 small [[playlets]]<ref name=":0" /> and [[radio comedy]] [[Sketch comedy|skit]]s.<ref name=":3" />{{When?|date=July 2024}}


===Subsequent theatre work===
Expanding his creative repertoire, D'Lima transitioned to writing ''tiatrs'' on a grander scale. Collaborating with prominent actors from the [[Tiatr|Konkani stage]], he crafted a series of productions. These include ''Europi Saukar'' (European Government), ''Shakuntala'', ''Bism Saib'' (The Bishop), ''Milagr'' (The Miracle), ''Khorkhos Ostori'', ''Soddvondar'', and ''Quo Vadis?'' (Where are you going?). D'Lima's artistic stature grew as he established himself as a respected writer within the theatrical community.<ref name=":0" /> His contributions to [[Goan]] theatre extended beyond [[secular]] performances, as he also left a mark in the realm of [[Christian drama|religious plays]]. Pioneered by J. P. Souzalin, a prominent [[theatre director]], the tradition of religious ''tiatrs'' was solidified with Souzalin's production of ''Saibinicheo Sath Dukhi'' (The Seven Sorrows of Mary) during the early 1970s.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Tiatr and the period of prayer, penance and abstinence |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Review/Voice-Of-Tiatr/Tiatr-and-the-period-of-prayer-penance-and-abstinence/85969 |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=oHeraldo}}</ref>
[[File:J. P. Souzalin's religious tiatr Sam Francis Xavier.jpg|thumb|A religious ''tiatr'' [[handbill]], ''Sam Francis Xavier'' by [[J. P. Souzalin]], in Konkani]]
⚫
D'Lima staged Christian religious plays in the mid-1970s. Although predominantly biblical in nature and tied to the season of [[Lent]], these productions aimed to inspire [[introspection]], [[contemplation]], and [[personal transformation]] among their audiences.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=14 March 2015 |title=Tiatr and the period of prayer, penance and abstinence |url=https://www.heraldgoa.in/Review/Voice-Of-Tiatr/Tiatr-and-the-period-of-prayer-penance-and-abstinence/85969 |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=[[O Heraldo]] |archive-date=2024-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240704154422/https://www.heraldgoa.in/Review/Voice-Of-Tiatr/Tiatr-and-the-period-of-prayer-penance-and-abstinence/85969 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last1=Fernandes |first1=Paul |last2=Esteves |first2=Pio |author-link2=Pio Esteves |date=2015-02-19 |title=Religious tiatr traces its roots back to the 1960s |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/religious-tiatr-traces-its-roots-back-to-the-1960s/articleshow/46292164.cms?_gl=1*1xic3hm*_ga*YW1wLVZSa1JjbUZONEdOWklrVTRJWGFieHZrbk93cUkzVHgtSENVYzdRX1FnczUzeU1fbzExekVfemw5Q04zRkJ5TF8.*_ga_FCN624MN68*MTcwNTkwMTI0My4xMTQuMC4xNzA1OTAxMjQzLjYwLjAuMA..#_ga=2.243413957.159991920.1705751399-amp-VRkRcmFN4GNZIkU4IXabxvknOwqI3Tx-HCUc7Q_Qgs53yM_o11zE_zl9CN3FByL_ |access-date=2024-01-22 |work=[[The Times of India]] |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=2024-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240704154422/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/religious-tiatr-traces-its-roots-back-to-the-1960s/articleshow/46292164.cms?_gl=1%2A1xic3hm%2A_ga%2AYW1wLVZSa1JjbUZONEdOWklrVTRJWGFieHZrbk93cUkzVHgtSENVYzdRX1FnczUzeU1fbzExekVfemw5Q04zRkJ5TF8.%2A_ga_FCN624MN68%2AMTcwNTkwMTI0My4xMTQuMC4xNzA1OTAxMjQzLjYwLjAuMA..#_ga=2.243413957.159991920.1705751399-amp-VRkRcmFN4GNZIkU4IXabxvknOwqI3Tx-HCUc7Q_Qgs53yM_o11zE_zl9CN3FByL_ |url-status=live }}</ref> Collaborations among D'Lima and other performers within the Konkani theatre community included [[Cyriaco Dias]], a Konkani actor and playwright, who played [[Jesus Christ]] in D'Lima's religious ''[[tiatr]] Soddvondar'' (The Deliverer).<ref name=":0" /> The same ''tiatr'' production was later performed in [[Panjim]], Goa, featuring [[Dioguinho D'Mello]] in his final acting performance.<ref name=":3" /><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2014-06-07 |title=Fanki Tony King Ontorlo |url=https://issuu.com/ixtt/docs/23 |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=[[Vauraddeancho Ixtt]] |language=gom |archive-date=2023-02-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230228210354/https://issuu.com/ixtt/docs/23 |url-status=live }}</ref>


Collaborating with popular actors from the [[Tiatr|Konkani stage]], he began to write a series of up to seven larger-scale ''tiatrs'' productions.{{when?|date=July 2024}}<ref name=":3" /> These include ''Europi Saukar'' (European Government), ''Shakuntala'', ''Bism Saib'' (The Bishop), ''Milagr'' (The Miracle), ''Khorkhos Ostori'', ''Soddvondar'', and ''Quo Vadis?'' (Where are you going?).<ref name=":0" />
⚫
D'Lima and his contemporaries followed in Souzalin's footsteps, staging religious plays in the mid-1970s. Although predominantly biblical in nature and tied to the season of [[Lent]], these productions aimed to inspire introspection, contemplation, and personal transformation among their audiences.<ref name=":1" /> D'Lima, along with [[Konkani language|Konkani]] dramatists such as [[Simon C. Fernandes]], [[Remmie Colaço]], [[Prem Kumar (Konkani actor)|Prem Kumar]], [[Robin Vaz]], and [[Aleixinho De Candolim]], upheld the legacy of Souzalin's pioneering efforts.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2015-02-19 |title=Religious tiatr traces its roots back to the 1960s |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/religious-tiatr-traces-its-roots-back-to-the-1960s/articleshow/46292164.cms?_gl=1*1xic3hm*_ga*YW1wLVZSa1JjbUZONEdOWklrVTRJWGFieHZrbk93cUkzVHgtSENVYzdRX1FnczUzeU1fbzExekVfemw5Q04zRkJ5TF8.*_ga_FCN624MN68*MTcwNTkwMTI0My4xMTQuMC4xNzA1OTAxMjQzLjYwLjAuMA..#_ga=2.243413957.159991920.1705751399-amp-VRkRcmFN4GNZIkU4IXabxvknOwqI3Tx-HCUc7Q_Qgs53yM_o11zE_zl9CN3FByL_ |access-date=2024-01-22 |work=The Times of India |issn=0971-8257}}</ref> Notable collaborations brought together D'Lima and other performers within the Konkani theatre community. One standout example is [[Cyriaco Dias]], a Konkani actor and playwright, who portrayed the lead role of [[Jesus Christ]] in D'Lima's religious ''tiatr Soddvondar'', etching this portrayal into the annals of his career.<ref name=":0" /> Additionally, the Konkani singer and drummer Tony King lent his talents to D'Lima's religious ''tiatr Quo Vadis?'' (Where are you going?).<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |date=2014-06-06 |title=Fanki Tony King Ontorlo |url=https://issuu.com/ixtt/docs/23 |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=[[Vauraddeancho Ixtt]] |language=en}}</ref>


====The Syndicate band and ''tiatr'' contracts (1980s–2000s)====
==Personal life==
D'Lima was involved in the [[Goan music]] scene as a member of the popular 1980s [[cover band]] known as The Syndicate, formed in 1979.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 March 2011 |title=Qatar: Top Band "The Syndicate" To Perform At The 11th Annual May Queen Ball In Qatar |url=https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=97308 |access-date=2024-07-04 |website=[[Daijiworld]] |archive-date=2024-07-04 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240704154419/https://www.daijiworld.com/news/newsDisplay?newsID=97308 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Syndicate disbanded around the year 2002.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Pinto |first=Cecil |date=21 October 2010 |title=Sounding out Goan cover bands Remo's offer to reward originality |work=[[Media in Goa#Newspapers and magazines|Gomantak Times]] |pages=7}}</ref>
Despite his accomplishments, D'Lima faced time constraints due to his concurrent employment at [[Bank of India]],<ref name=":3" /> which ultimately led to his decision to discontinue the production of ''[[tiatrs]]''. According to the book ''100 Years of Konkani Tiatro'' by [[Wilson Mazarello]], a Konkani singer and historian, published in 2000, D'Lima resided in [[Santacruz, Mumbai]], with his family.<ref name=":0" />

D'Lima then entered into a partnership with fellow artist Santan Rodricks. They initially accepted ''tiatr'' producing contracts{{efn|''Tiatr'' contractors oversee the logistical and financial components necessary to stage [[Tiatr|Konkani theater]] performances. The primary responsibilities include securing performance venues, managing [[Audio equipment|audio]]/technical equipment, and handling promotional activities for ''tiatr'' shows. In November 1986, ''tiatr'' contractors earned approximately {{INRConvert|17000|year=1986}} per show in a 2,000 seat venue and around {{INRConvert|10000|year=1986}} in a 1,000 seat venue.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kale |first=Pramod |date=1986 |title=Essentialist and Epochalist Elements in Goan Popular Culture: A Case Study of "Tiatr" |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/4376359 |journal=Economic and Political Weekly |volume=21 |issue=47 |pages=2054–2063 |jstor=4376359 |issn=0012-9976 |access-date=2024-07-04 |archive-date=2021-02-26 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210226081602/https://www.jstor.org/stable/4376359 |url-status=live }}</ref>}} under the pseudonym "Lima-San." D'Lima was one of the early ''tiatr'' contractors operating in Bombay in the 1980s and 1990s, but during this period, D'Lima shifted his focus from writing and directing ''tiatrs'' to banking and managing ''tiatr'' contracts.<ref name=":0" />

D'Lima worked in the banking industry for the majority of his working life.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last1=Da Costa |first1=Fausto V. |title=TIATR 125th Anniversary Commemorative Volume |last2=Rose |first2=Joe |author-link2=Joe Rose (Konkani actor) |publisher=[[Tiatr Academy of Goa]] |year=2019 |location=[[Panaji, Goa]] |pages=18, 87, 105}}</ref> His work at [[Bank of India]] ultimately led to his decision to discontinue theatre work.<ref name=":0" />

==Death==
[[File:Santacruz Bombay 1952.jpg|thumb|Santacruz railway station in 1952, one of the stations used by the [[Goan Catholic]]s during [[internal migration]]<ref>{{Cite journal |date=2018 |title=Goans and East-Indians: A Negotiated Catholic Presence in Bombay's Urban Space |url=https://journals.library.brocku.ca/index.php/ijpds/article/download/3268/2521/10487 |journal=InterDISCIPLINARY Journal of Portuguese Diaspora Studies |volume=6 |pages=61–62, 64 |via=[[Brock University]] |access-date=2024-07-07 |archive-date=2024-07-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240707061124/https://journals.library.brocku.ca/index.php/ijpds/article/download/3268/2521/10487 |url-status=live }}</ref>]]
In October 2016, he died at his home located in Santacruz. He was around 81–82 years old.<ref name=":3" />


==Selected stage works==
==Selected stage works==
===''Tiatrs''===
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Latest revision as of 02:05, 19 July 2024

Manuel D'Lima
Bornc. 1934
Porvorim, Goa, Portuguese India, Portuguese Empire
DiedOctober 2016(2016-00-00) (aged 81–82)
Santacruz, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Occupations
  • Playwright
  • theatre director
  • banker
  • musician
Years active1970s–2000s
EmployerBank of India
Known forStaging religious plays during Lent
Notable workSoddvondar (1970s)
Musical career
Genres
Formerly ofThe Syndicate

Manuel J. D'Lima[a] (c. 1934 – October 2016) was an Indian playwright, theatre director, and musician known for his work in tiatr productions and radio plays, and also a banker. He began his career in his hometown of Porvorim, Goa. Following his move to Santacruz, Bombay, D'Lima began to produce commercial theatre productions. Later, he began to write radio plays and skits on All India Radio, Bombay. A former member of the Goan cover band The Syndicate, D'Lima became known mainly for his religious plays that he staged during the Lent season in Goa or Bombay. D'Lima is one of the early writers of religious tiatrs that were staged in the mid-1970s.

Early life

[edit]
View from a hill in Porvorim, Goa, where D'Lima spent his early years.

D'Lima was born in around 1934 in the town of Porvorim, in the colony of Goa, which was then part of Portuguese India (now located in India). He initially began his stage career in his home region writing and staging Konkani tiatrs, a form of musical theatre indigenous to Goa. These productions found an audience in Porvorim.[1]

Career

[edit]

Introduction to theatre and radio in Bombay, British India

[edit]

D'Lima then moved to Bombay, British India (now Mumbai, India), a metropolis known for its vibrant entertainment industry. There he presented his first major tiatr, Ek Oklek Don Noure (The Bride With Two Bridegrooms), in support of Socorro-Union, a type of social club[2] in Socorro, Goa.[when?] D'Lima also began work with All India Radio, the state-owned public radio broadcaster in Bombay, India. On this platform, also known as Akashvani, he wrote approximately 100 small playlets[1] and radio comedy skits.[3][when?]

Subsequent theatre work

[edit]
A religious tiatr handbill, Sam Francis Xavier by J. P. Souzalin, in Konkani

D'Lima staged Christian religious plays in the mid-1970s. Although predominantly biblical in nature and tied to the season of Lent, these productions aimed to inspire introspection, contemplation, and personal transformation among their audiences.[4][5] Collaborations among D'Lima and other performers within the Konkani theatre community included Cyriaco Dias, a Konkani actor and playwright, who played Jesus Christ in D'Lima's religious tiatr Soddvondar (The Deliverer).[1] The same tiatr production was later performed in Panjim, Goa, featuring Dioguinho D'Mello in his final acting performance.[3][6]

Collaborating with popular actors from the Konkani stage, he began to write a series of up to seven larger-scale tiatrs productions.[when?][3] These include Europi Saukar (European Government), Shakuntala, Bism Saib (The Bishop), Milagr (The Miracle), Khorkhos Ostori, Soddvondar, and Quo Vadis? (Where are you going?).[1]

The Syndicate band and tiatr contracts (1980s–2000s)

[edit]

D'Lima was involved in the Goan music scene as a member of the popular 1980s cover band known as The Syndicate, formed in 1979.[7] The Syndicate disbanded around the year 2002.[8]

D'Lima then entered into a partnership with fellow artist Santan Rodricks. They initially accepted tiatr producing contracts[b] under the pseudonym "Lima-San." D'Lima was one of the early tiatr contractors operating in Bombay in the 1980s and 1990s, but during this period, D'Lima shifted his focus from writing and directing tiatrs to banking and managing tiatr contracts.[1]

D'Lima worked in the banking industry for the majority of his working life.[3] His work at Bank of India ultimately led to his decision to discontinue theatre work.[1]

Death

[edit]
Santacruz railway station in 1952, one of the stations used by the Goan Catholics during internal migration[10]

In October 2016, he died at his home located in Santacruz. He was around 81–82 years old.[3]

Selected stage works

[edit]

Tiatrs

[edit]
Year Title Role Notes Ref
Ek Oklek Don Noure Writer Professional debut [1]
Europi Saukar Writer
Shakuntala Writer
Bism Saib Writer
Milagr Writer
Khorkhos Ostori Writer
1970s Soddvondar Writer [3]
Quo Vadis? Writer [6]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ alternatively spelt as Manuel de Lima
  2. ^ Tiatr contractors oversee the logistical and financial components necessary to stage Konkani theater performances. The primary responsibilities include securing performance venues, managing audio/technical equipment, and handling promotional activities for tiatr shows. In November 1986, tiatr contractors earned approximately ₹17,000 (equivalent to ₹230,000 or US$2,800 in 2023) per show in a 2,000 seat venue and around ₹10,000 (equivalent to ₹140,000 or US$1,600 in 2023) in a 1,000 seat venue.[9]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g Mazarello, Wilson (2000). 100 Years of Konkani Tiatro. Government of Goa, Directorate of Art & Culture. pp. 173, 339. Archived from the original on 2024-01-07. Retrieved 2024-01-22.
  2. ^ Da Silva, Fernando Monte (18 July 2015). "Goa's social clubs facing youthful dis-membering?". oHeraldo. Archived from the original on 2024-07-07. Retrieved 2024-07-04.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Da Costa, Fausto V.; Rose, Joe (2019). TIATR 125th Anniversary Commemorative Volume. Panaji, Goa: Tiatr Academy of Goa. pp. 18, 87, 105.
  4. ^ "Tiatr and the period of prayer, penance and abstinence". O Heraldo. 14 March 2015. Archived from the original on 2024-07-04. Retrieved 2024-01-22.
  5. ^ Fernandes, Paul; Esteves, Pio (2015-02-19). "Religious tiatr traces its roots back to the 1960s". The Times of India. ISSN 0971-8257. Archived from the original on 2024-07-04. Retrieved 2024-01-22.
  6. ^ a b "Fanki Tony King Ontorlo". Vauraddeancho Ixtt (in Goan Konkani). 2014-06-07. Archived from the original on 2023-02-28. Retrieved 2024-01-22.
  7. ^ "Qatar: Top Band "The Syndicate" To Perform At The 11th Annual May Queen Ball In Qatar". Daijiworld. 17 March 2011. Archived from the original on 2024-07-04. Retrieved 2024-07-04.
  8. ^ Pinto, Cecil (21 October 2010). "Sounding out Goan cover bands Remo's offer to reward originality". Gomantak Times. p. 7.
  9. ^ Kale, Pramod (1986). "Essentialist and Epochalist Elements in Goan Popular Culture: A Case Study of "Tiatr"". Economic and Political Weekly. 21 (47): 2054–2063. ISSN 0012-9976. JSTOR 4376359. Archived from the original on 2021-02-26. Retrieved 2024-07-04.
  10. ^ "Goans and East-Indians: A Negotiated Catholic Presence in Bombay's Urban Space". InterDISCIPLINARY Journal of Portuguese Diaspora Studies. 6: 61–62, 64. 2018. Archived from the original on 2024-07-07. Retrieved 2024-07-07 – via Brock University.
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