Dalal Mughrabi: Difference between revisions
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==Coastal Road massacre== |
==Coastal Road massacre== |
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{{main|Coastal Road massacre}} |
{{main|Coastal Road massacre}} |
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On the morning of March 11, 1978, Mughrabi headed a unit of between eleven and thirteen Palestinian and Lebanese militants that included one other woman, as they arrived on the coastal plain near [[Tel Aviv]] from [[Lebanon]] in rubber dingy boats.<ref name=Amir/><ref name=Guardian/> Their goal was to attack the ministry of defence in Tel Aviv.<ref name=Guardian/> After killing an American photographer named Gail Rubin,<ref name=Ynet>[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3861003,00.html PA won't honor terrorist, for now] by Ali Waked in [[YNET]].</ref> they opened fire at passing traffic and hijacked a taxi, killing its occupants. <ref name=Time>[http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,919454,00.html Middle East: A Sabbath of Terror] in [[Time]]</ref> The |
On the morning of March 11, 1978, Mughrabi headed a unit of between eleven and thirteen Palestinian and Lebanese militants that included one other woman, as they arrived on the coastal plain near [[Tel Aviv]] from [[Lebanon]] in rubber dingy boats.<ref name=Amir/><ref name=Guardian/> Their goal was to attack the ministry of defence in Tel Aviv.<ref name=Guardian/> After killing an American photographer named Gail Rubin,<ref name=Ynet>[http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3861003,00.html PA won't honor terrorist, for now] by Ali Waked in [[YNET]].</ref> they opened fire at passing traffic and hijacked a taxi, killing its occupants. <ref name=Time>[http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,919454,00.html Middle East: A Sabbath of Terror] in [[Time]]</ref> The militants then seized a bus and proceeded along [[Highway 2 (Israel)|the coastal highway]] to [[Tel Aviv]].<ref name=Time/> While driving south, the hijackers seized a bus, and moved the hostages (now numbering 71) to the first bus.<ref name=Time/> One report says that both hijacked buses were filled with tourists and sightseers,<ref name=Time/> while others says the buses were filled with Israeli soldiers.<ref name=Sfgate/><ref name=Gulf/> |
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Israeli forces stopped the bus, and a nine to fifteen-hour shooting battle ensued before the bus exploded.<ref name=Time/><ref name=Ynet/><ref name=Guardian/> During the shootout, Mughrabi raised the [[Palestinian flag]] and declared the establishment of a [[Palestinian state]].<ref name=Guardian/> Israel says the bus exploded after Mughrabi blew it up with a grenade, while Palestinians say it was struck by a missile from an Israeli helicopter gunship.<ref name=Guardian/> Most of the militants and bus passengers were killed in the fighting and explosion, including one Israeli policeman.<ref name=Time/><ref name=Guardian/> A total of 39 people, including 13 children, died and 72 were wounded; Mughrabi and nine other militants were amongst the casualties.<ref name=Ricolfi>[http://www.prio.no/upload/suicide_missions.pdf Suicide missions in the Palestinian area: a new database] by Luca Ricolfi and Paolo Campana</ref><ref>http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100324/ap_on_re_mi_ea/ml_israel_palestinians_militant_glorified</ref> |
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[[Ehud Barak]], the current Israeli Defense Minister, led the military operation against Mughrabi, and there is video footage of him firing shots into her dead body and dragging her across a road.<ref name=Fisk>[http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/fisk/robert-fisk-theatrical-return-for-the-living-and-the-dead-869724.html Robert Fisk: 'Theatrical return for the living and the dead' - Robert Fisk, Commentators - The Independent]</ref> <ref>[http://mideast.blogs.time.com/2008/07/10/the_remains_of_dalal_mughrabi/ The Remains of Dalal Mughrabi - Andrew Lee Butters - Time Magazine]</ref><ref name=Guardian>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/jul/16/lebanon.israelandthepalestinians1 Israel-Hizbullah prisoner exchange: profiles - Ian Black and Hugh McLeod - The Guardian]</ref><ref name=Sfgate>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2008-07-17/news/17174418_1_israeli-soldiers-ron-arad-prisoner-swap Israel-Hezbollah prisoner swap - Hugh McLeod - San Francisco Gate]</ref> |
[[Ehud Barak]], the current Israeli Defense Minister, led the military operation against Mughrabi, and there is video footage of him firing shots into her dead body and dragging her across a road.<ref name=Fisk>[http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/fisk/robert-fisk-theatrical-return-for-the-living-and-the-dead-869724.html Robert Fisk: 'Theatrical return for the living and the dead' - Robert Fisk, Commentators - The Independent]</ref> <ref>[http://mideast.blogs.time.com/2008/07/10/the_remains_of_dalal_mughrabi/ The Remains of Dalal Mughrabi - Andrew Lee Butters - Time Magazine]</ref><ref name=Guardian>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/jul/16/lebanon.israelandthepalestinians1 Israel-Hizbullah prisoner exchange: profiles - Ian Black and Hugh McLeod - The Guardian]</ref><ref name=Sfgate>[http://articles.sfgate.com/2008-07-17/news/17174418_1_israeli-soldiers-ron-arad-prisoner-swap Israel-Hezbollah prisoner swap - Hugh McLeod - San Francisco Gate]</ref> |
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Revision as of 12:52, 25 March 2010
Dalal Mughrabi (Arabic: دلال المغربي; ca. 1959 - March 11, 1978) was a Palestinian militant affiliated with the Fatah faction who directed the 1978 Coastal Road massacre in Israel. The attack resulted in the deaths of 37 Israeli citizens, including 13 children, and one American photographer.[1] Mughrabi and between nine to ten other militants were also killed over the course of the operation.[2][3]
Early life
Mughrabi was born and raised in the Palestinian refugee camp of Sabra in Beirut, Lebanon.[4]
Coastal Road massacre
On the morning of March 11, 1978, Mughrabi headed a unit of between eleven and thirteen Palestinian and Lebanese militants that included one other woman, as they arrived on the coastal plain near Tel Aviv from Lebanon in rubber dingy boats.[4][3] Their goal was to attack the ministry of defence in Tel Aviv.[3] After killing an American photographer named Gail Rubin,[5] they opened fire at passing traffic and hijacked a taxi, killing its occupants. [6] The militants then seized a bus and proceeded along the coastal highway to Tel Aviv.[6] While driving south, the hijackers seized a bus, and moved the hostages (now numbering 71) to the first bus.[6] One report says that both hijacked buses were filled with tourists and sightseers,[6] while others says the buses were filled with Israeli soldiers.[7][8]
Israeli forces stopped the bus, and a nine to fifteen-hour shooting battle ensued before the bus exploded.[6][5][3] During the shootout, Mughrabi raised the Palestinian flag and declared the establishment of a Palestinian state.[3] Israel says the bus exploded after Mughrabi blew it up with a grenade, while Palestinians say it was struck by a missile from an Israeli helicopter gunship.[3] Most of the militants and bus passengers were killed in the fighting and explosion, including one Israeli policeman.[6][3] A total of 39 people, including 13 children, died and 72 were wounded; Mughrabi and nine other militants were amongst the casualties.[2][9]
Ehud Barak, the current Israeli Defense Minister, led the military operation against Mughrabi, and there is video footage of him firing shots into her dead body and dragging her across a road.[10] [11][3][7]
The attack became known as the Coastal Road Massacre. Israeli military forces launched Operation Litani against PLO bases in Lebanon three days later.
Release of remains
As part of the 2008 Israel-Hezbollah prisoner swap Mughrabi's remains were supposed to be exhumed and returned to Lebanon but that never happened and Mughrabi's remains are still buried in the "numbers cemetery" where the bodies of many Palestinian fighters lay. [12][dead link]
British journalist Robert Fisk reported that Mughrabi's remains were transferred to Lebanon in the prisoner swap [10], in contradiction with reports that her body is still in Israel.[13]
Posthumous reputation
Mughrabi is among the greatest heroes in Palestinian society. Schools have been named after her, and Ramallah, the Palestinian administrative center, recently dedicated a street to her memory.[14] Among Israelis, she is viewed as a terrorist responsible for the deadliest terrorist attack in the history of the State of Israel.[5]
In 2010, the Palestinian Authority was reported to have cancelled at the last minute a ceremony to honor Mughrabi by dedicating a traffic circle in Ramallah after her.[15] Reportedly the cancellation was motivated by the desire to avoid antagonizing visiting U.S. Vice President Joe Biden.[16] However, Fatah officials went through with the ceremony the next day despite the announced cancellation.[17] In addition, the Palestinian Authority announced that it would be holding a seminar named after Mughrabi on the 32nd anniversary of the Coastal Road attack.[17] The Palestinian Authority announced that the original ceremony was delayed only for "technical reasons".[17] The New York Times reported that Tawfiq Tirawi, a member of the Fatah Central Committee, and former General Intelligence Services director, stated that "we are all Dalal Mughrabi" and "for us she is not a terrorist."[1]
References
- ^ a b Isabel Kershner (11 March 2010). "Palestinians Honor a Figure Reviled in Israel as a Terrorist". The New York Times.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|newspaper=(help) - ^ a b Suicide missions in the Palestinian area: a new database by Luca Ricolfi and Paolo Campana
- ^ a b c d e f g h Israel-Hizbullah prisoner exchange: profiles - Ian Black and Hugh McLeod - The Guardian
- ^ a b Khitam al Amir (15 July 2008). "Palestinian Dalal Al Mughrabi's body to be handed over to Hezbollah". Gulf News.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|newspaper=(help) - ^ a b c PA won't honor terrorist, for now by Ali Waked in YNET.
- ^ a b c d e f Middle East: A Sabbath of Terror in Time
- ^ a b Israel-Hezbollah prisoner swap - Hugh McLeod - San Francisco Gate
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Gulfwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100324/ap_on_re_mi_ea/ml_israel_palestinians_militant_glorified
- ^ a b Robert Fisk: 'Theatrical return for the living and the dead' - Robert Fisk, Commentators - The Independent
- ^ The Remains of Dalal Mughrabi - Andrew Lee Butters - Time Magazine
- ^ "Body of female fighter returned". The National Post. 2008-07-17.
{{cite web}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ^ http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/136475
- ^ http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20100324/ap_on_re_mi_ea/ml_israel_palestinians_militant_glorified
- ^ http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=170678
- ^ http://www.jta.org/news/article/2010/03/11/1011033/pa-cancels-ceremony-honoring-hijacker
- ^ a b c Khaled Abu Toameh (15 March 2010). "Fatah holds ceremony naming square after terrorist". Jerusalem Post.
{{cite news}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|newspaper=(help)