Allar, Jerusalem: Difference between revisions
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'''Allar''' (علار) was a [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]] [[Arab]] village in the [[District of Jerusalem]] located 17.5 km west of [[Jerusalem]], overlooking a tributary of [[Nahal Sorek]] (Wadi al-Sarar). |
'''Allar''' (علار) was a [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]] [[Arab]] village in the [[District of Jerusalem]] located 17.5 km west of [[Jerusalem]], overlooking a tributary of [[Nahal Sorek]] (Wadi al-Sarar). |
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==History== |
==History== |
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Allar was the name for two neighbouring villages: Lower Allar ('Allar es-Sifla) and Upper Allar ('Allar el-Foka).<ref name=Karkp275>Kark and Oren-Nordheim, 2001, [http://books.google.ca/books?id=KzOAxmHDzHUC&pg=PA193&dq=allar+jerusalem&hl=en&ei=GaGkTZDKEsresgbQm5GFBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCwQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=allar%20jerusalem&f=false pp. 267, 275-276].</ref> The census conducted by the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman imperial]] authorities in 1596, lists Allar as part of the ''[[nahiya]]'' of Jerusalem with 204 inhabitants who paid taxes on wheat, barley, olive trees, molasses, goats, and beehives.<ref name=Khalidi>Khalidi, 1993, pp. 206-207.</ref> |
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In 1596, Allar was a hilltop village in the [[nahiyah]] (subdistrict) of Jerusalem with a population of 204. The inhabitants paid taxes on wheat, barley, olive trees, molasses, goats, and beehives. It was mentioned by [[Edward Robinson]], who passed through the area in 1838. The villagers cultivated grain, vegetables, olives and grapes. Most of the crops were rainfed, but some were irrigated by springs around the village, such as [[Ein al-Tannur]].<ref>[http://www.palestine-family.net/index.php?nav=4-218&cid=526&did=846&pageflip=3 'Allar, Palestine Family.net Allar, Palestine Family.net]</ref> |
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[[Edward Robinson]], who travelled throughout [[Palestine]] in 1838, describes Lower and Upper Allar as two distinct villages located in er-Rumany ("pomengranate") [[wadi]] ("valley"). He notes the presence of a large, ancient, ruined church in Upper Allar and a fine fountain further up the valley that irrigated fruit trees and gardens below. Also in abundance were olive trees.<ref name=Robinsonp14>Robinson, 1838, [http://books.google.ca/books?id=_vEoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA14&dq=allar+palestinian&hl=en&ei=dJqkTcuvCo6SswaW_LiUBw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CEEQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=allar&f=false p. 14].</ref> |
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The inhabitants of Upper Allar moved to Lower Allar at the end of the 19th century.<ref name=Karkp275/> While Upper Allar was repopulated during the period of British rule in [[Mandate Palestine]] and housed a primary school, it is listed in British censuses from the time as a [[mazra'a]] ("farm").<ref name=Karkp275/> |
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In 1945, the village had a population of 440. During the [[1948 Arab-Israeli War]], the [[Egyptian Army]]/[[Muslim Brotherhood]] and local militia were positioned in the village. According to Israeli historian [[Benny Morris]], Allar was captured on 22 October 1948. It was one of a series of villages occupied during Operation ha-Har, an offensive launched by [[Harel Brigade]] and [[Etzioni Brigade]] to widen the [[Jerusalem corridor]].<ref>[http://www.palestine-family.net/index.php?nav=4-218&cid=526&did=846&pageflip=3 'Allar, Palestine Family.net Allar, Palestine Family.net]</ref> |
In 1945, the village had a population of 440. During the [[1948 Arab-Israeli War]], the [[Egyptian Army]]/[[Muslim Brotherhood]] and local militia were positioned in the village. According to Israeli historian [[Benny Morris]], Allar was captured on 22 October 1948. It was one of a series of villages occupied during Operation ha-Har, an offensive launched by [[Harel Brigade]] and [[Etzioni Brigade]] to widen the [[Jerusalem corridor]].<ref>[http://www.palestine-family.net/index.php?nav=4-218&cid=526&did=846&pageflip=3 'Allar, Palestine Family.net Allar, Palestine Family.net]</ref> |
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The operation began on the night of 18-19 October with an attack on Egyptian forces positioned 60 meters away. Great care was taken not to draw Transjordan's [[Arab Legion]] into the battle. The Egyptian army was forced to retreat to the west, and several villages southwest of Jerusalem were captured. The residents were expelled or fled under pressure, probably in the direction of Bethlehem and Hebron hills. Refugees who camped in the nearby gullies and caves were driven out in subsequent raids.<ref>{{Citation|title=The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited|authorlink=Benny Morris|first=Benny|last=Morris|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2004|ISBN=0521009677, 9780521009676}}</ref> |
The operation began on the night of 18-19 October with an attack on Egyptian forces positioned 60 meters away. Great care was taken not to draw Transjordan's [[Arab Legion]] into the battle. The Egyptian army was forced to retreat to the west, and several villages southwest of Jerusalem were captured. The residents were expelled or fled under pressure, probably in the direction of Bethlehem and Hebron hills. Refugees who camped in the nearby gullies and caves were driven out in subsequent raids.<ref>{{Citation|title=The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited|authorlink=Benny Morris|first=Benny|last=Morris|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|year=2004|ISBN=0521009677, 9780521009676}}</ref> |
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==Landmarks== |
==Landmarks== |
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A shrine dedicated to al-Shaykh Ibrahim is still standing. |
A shrine dedicated to al-Shaykh Ibrahim is still standing. |
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Revision as of 20:19, 12 April 2011
Template:Infobox former Arab villages in Palestine
Allar (علار) was a Palestinian Arab village in the District of Jerusalem located 17.5 km west of Jerusalem, overlooking a tributary of Nahal Sorek (Wadi al-Sarar).
History
Allar was the name for two neighbouring villages: Lower Allar ('Allar es-Sifla) and Upper Allar ('Allar el-Foka).[1] The census conducted by the Ottoman imperial authorities in 1596, lists Allar as part of the nahiya of Jerusalem with 204 inhabitants who paid taxes on wheat, barley, olive trees, molasses, goats, and beehives.[2]
Edward Robinson, who travelled throughout Palestine in 1838, describes Lower and Upper Allar as two distinct villages located in er-Rumany ("pomengranate") wadi ("valley"). He notes the presence of a large, ancient, ruined church in Upper Allar and a fine fountain further up the valley that irrigated fruit trees and gardens below. Also in abundance were olive trees.[3]
The inhabitants of Upper Allar moved to Lower Allar at the end of the 19th century.[1] While Upper Allar was repopulated during the period of British rule in Mandate Palestine and housed a primary school, it is listed in British censuses from the time as a mazra'a ("farm").[1]
In 1945, the village had a population of 440. During the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the Egyptian Army/Muslim Brotherhood and local militia were positioned in the village. According to Israeli historian Benny Morris, Allar was captured on 22 October 1948. It was one of a series of villages occupied during Operation ha-Har, an offensive launched by Harel Brigade and Etzioni Brigade to widen the Jerusalem corridor.[4]
The operation began on the night of 18-19 October with an attack on Egyptian forces positioned 60 meters away. Great care was taken not to draw Transjordan's Arab Legion into the battle. The Egyptian army was forced to retreat to the west, and several villages southwest of Jerusalem were captured. The residents were expelled or fled under pressure, probably in the direction of Bethlehem and Hebron hills. Refugees who camped in the nearby gullies and caves were driven out in subsequent raids.[5]
Landmarks
A shrine dedicated to al-Shaykh Ibrahim is still standing.
References
- ^ a b c Kark and Oren-Nordheim, 2001, pp. 267, 275-276.
- ^ Khalidi, 1993, pp. 206-207.
- ^ Robinson, 1838, p. 14.
- ^ 'Allar, Palestine Family.net Allar, Palestine Family.net
- ^ Morris, Benny (2004), The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0521009677, 9780521009676
{{citation}}: Check|isbn=value: invalid character (help)
Further reading
- Hadawi, Sami (1970), Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine, Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center
- Khalidi, Walid (1992), All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948, Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies, ISBN 0887282245 p.206-207
- Petersen, Andrew (2002), A Gazetteer of Buildings in Muslim Palestine: Volume I (British Academy Monographs in Archaeology) Allar, p. 92-93
External links
- Allar, from the Khalil Sakakini Cultural Center
- Allar, from Baheth for Studies.
