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{{Campaignbox King William's War}} |
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The '''Raid on York''' (also known as the '''Candlemas Massacre''') took place in 3 February 1692<ref> The raid is referred to as the "Candlemas Massacre" because [[Candlemas]] is traditionally celebrated by the by the [[Church of England]] on 2 February or the Sunday between January 28 and February 3 (In the [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic Church]] day is marked on February 2, forty days after [[Christmas]]). Due to [[Old Style and New Style dates|the differences]] between the [[Julian calendar|Julian]] and [[Gregorian calendar|Gregorian]] calendars. Three days after the attack [[Samuel Sewall]] recorded in his diary: "''Tuesday, Jan. 26, 1691/2'' [which is equivalent to February 6, 1692 in the Gregorian calendar] .... This day...news was brought of an Attack made by the Indians on York." (''The Diary of Samuel Sewall: Vol. 1, 1674-1708'', Farrar, Straus & Girous: New York, 1973, p. 287)</ref> during [[King William's War]], when an estimated 150 [[Abenaki]]s commanded by officers of [[New France]] entered the town of [[York, Maine|York]] (then in the [[District of Maine]] and part of the [[Province of Massachusetts Bay]], now in the [[U. S. state|state]] of [[Maine]]), killing about 100 of the [[English people|English]] settlers and burning down buildings, taking another estimated 80 villagers hostage. The villagers were forced to walk to [[Canada, New France]],<ref>[http://archive.seacoastonline.com/2001news/2_1maine2.htm Portsmouth Herald Maine News: York commemorates Candlemas Raid<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> where they were ransomed by Capt. [[John Alden (sailor)|John Alden Jr.]] of [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]] (son of [[John Alden]] and [[Priscilla Mullins]] of the [[Plymouth Colony]]). (One of those taken Captive was a young Jeremiah Moulton, who would later gain notoriety during the [[Father Rale's War]].)<ref>http://biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?id_nbr=1549</ref> |
The '''Raid on York''' (also known as the '''Candlemas Massacre''') took place in 3 February 1692<ref> The raid is referred to as the "Candlemas Massacre" because [[Candlemas]] is traditionally celebrated by the by the [[Church of England]] on 2 February or the Sunday between January 28 and February 3 (In the [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic Church]] day is marked on February 2, forty days after [[Christmas]]). Due to [[Old Style and New Style dates|the differences]] between the [[Julian calendar|Julian]] and [[Gregorian calendar|Gregorian]] calendars. Three days after the attack [[Samuel Sewall]] recorded in his diary: "''Tuesday, Jan. 26, 1691/2'' [which is equivalent to February 6, 1692 in the Gregorian calendar] .... This day...news was brought of an Attack made by the Indians on York." (''The Diary of Samuel Sewall: Vol. 1, 1674-1708'', Farrar, Straus & Girous: New York, 1973, p. 287) Note that William Williamson in ''The History of the State of Maine'' Vol. 1 indicates that the date in 5 February 1692. However, he erronously suggests that this date is a Monday. (p.628)</ref> during [[King William's War]], when an estimated 150 [[Abenaki]]s commanded by officers of [[New France]] entered the town of [[York, Maine|York]] (then in the [[District of Maine]] and part of the [[Province of Massachusetts Bay]], now in the [[U. S. state|state]] of [[Maine]]), killing about 100 of the [[English people|English]] settlers and burning down buildings, taking another estimated 80 villagers hostage. The villagers were forced to walk to [[Canada, New France]],<ref>[http://archive.seacoastonline.com/2001news/2_1maine2.htm Portsmouth Herald Maine News: York commemorates Candlemas Raid<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> where they were ransomed by Capt. [[John Alden (sailor)|John Alden Jr.]] of [[Boston, Massachusetts|Boston]] (son of [[John Alden]] and [[Priscilla Mullins]] of the [[Plymouth Colony]]). (One of those taken Captive was a young Jeremiah Moulton, who would later gain notoriety during the [[Father Rale's War]].)<ref>http://biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?id_nbr=1549</ref> |
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Amongst those killed was Revd. [[Shubael Dummer]], the Congregational church minister; Dummer was shot at his own front door, while Dummer's wife, Lydia and their son, were carried away captive where "through snows and hardships among those dragons of the desert she also quickly died"; nothing further was heard of the boy.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Family of Dummer |last= Dummer|first=Michael |year= June 2005|edition= 7th|chapter=5: Richard and Early Days in New England|publisher= |location= |isbn= |page=26|url= |accessdate=}}</ref> The Indians set fire to all undefended houses on the north side of the [[York River (Maine)|York River]], the principal route for trade and around which the town had grown. After the settlement was reduced to ashes, however, it was rebuilt on higher ground at what is today York Village. |
Amongst those killed was Revd. [[Shubael Dummer]], the Congregational church minister; Dummer was shot at his own front door, while Dummer's wife, Lydia and their son, were carried away captive where "through snows and hardships among those dragons of the desert she also quickly died"; nothing further was heard of the boy.<ref>{{cite book |title=The Family of Dummer |last= Dummer|first=Michael |year= June 2005|edition= 7th|chapter=5: Richard and Early Days in New England|publisher= |location= |isbn= |page=26|url= |accessdate=}}</ref> The Indians set fire to all undefended houses on the north side of the [[York River (Maine)|York River]], the principal route for trade and around which the town had grown. After the settlement was reduced to ashes, however, it was rebuilt on higher ground at what is today York Village. |
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Revision as of 01:16, 17 March 2012
| Raid on York (1692) | |
|---|---|
 Indians attacking a garrison house | |
| Standort | York, Maine district of the Province of Massachusetts Bay |
| Coordinates | 43°9′42.5″N 70°38′52.38″W / 43.161806°N 70.6478833°W |
| Date | 3 February 1692 |
Attack type | Mass murder |
| Deaths | ~100 killed |
| Perpetrators | France Abenaki |
The Raid on York (also known as the Candlemas Massacre) took place in 3 February 1692[1] during King William's War, when an estimated 150 Abenakis commanded by officers of New France entered the town of York (then in the District of Maine and part of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, now in the state of Maine), killing about 100 of the English settlers and burning down buildings, taking another estimated 80 villagers hostage. The villagers were forced to walk to Canada, New France,[2] where they were ransomed by Capt. John Alden Jr. of Boston (son of John Alden and Priscilla Mullins of the Plymouth Colony). (One of those taken Captive was a young Jeremiah Moulton, who would later gain notoriety during the Father Rale's War.)[3]
Amongst those killed was Revd. Shubael Dummer, the Congregational church minister; Dummer was shot at his own front door, while Dummer's wife, Lydia and their son, were carried away captive where "through snows and hardships among those dragons of the desert she also quickly died"; nothing further was heard of the boy.[4] The Indians set fire to all undefended houses on the north side of the York River, the principal route for trade and around which the town had grown. After the settlement was reduced to ashes, however, it was rebuilt on higher ground at what is today York Village.
Today the event is commemorated annually in York, with historical re-enactments and lectures, events presented by the Old York Historical Society and sponsored in part by the Maine Humanities Council.
There is a memorial plaque in York on a large stone where, according to the plaque, Abenaki Indians left their snowshoes before creeping into York and attacking the settlers.
See also
References
Endnotes
- ^ The raid is referred to as the "Candlemas Massacre" because Candlemas is traditionally celebrated by the by the Church of England on 2 February or the Sunday between January 28 and February 3 (In the Catholic Church day is marked on February 2, forty days after Christmas). Due to the differences between the Julian and Gregorian calendars. Three days after the attack Samuel Sewall recorded in his diary: "Tuesday, Jan. 26, 1691/2 [which is equivalent to February 6, 1692 in the Gregorian calendar] .... This day...news was brought of an Attack made by the Indians on York." (The Diary of Samuel Sewall: Vol. 1, 1674-1708, Farrar, Straus & Girous: New York, 1973, p. 287) Note that William Williamson in The History of the State of Maine Vol. 1 indicates that the date in 5 February 1692. However, he erronously suggests that this date is a Monday. (p.628)
- ^ Portsmouth Herald Maine News: York commemorates Candlemas Raid
- ^ http://biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?id_nbr=1549
- ^ Dummer, Michael (June 2005). "5: Richard and Early Days in New England". The Family of Dummer (7th ed.). p. 26.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: year (link)
Texts
- Clayton, W. W. "History of York County, Maine. With illustrations and biographical sketches of its prominent men and pioneers", 1888. p. 51
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