Urine-diverting dry toilets: Difference between revisions
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The toilet bowls or squatting pans for UDDTs can be commercially manufactured from plastic or ceramic and transported to the user or built locally by local NGOs or artisans, for example made of concrete. |
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== Examples of UDDT installations == |
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* The NGO [[Women in Europe for a Common Future]] (WECF) and local partners have built built many urine-diverting dry toilets for schools in Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA region).<ref>Deegener, S., Wendland, C., Samwel, A., Samwel, M. (2009). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/714 Sustainable and safe school sanitation - How to provide hygienic and affordable sanitation in areas without a functioning wastewater system. Examples from Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia.] Women in Europe for a Common Future (WECF), The Netherlands, Germany, France</ref> |
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* [[Haiti]] - [[Sustainable Organic Integrated Livelihoods|SOIL]] has built urine-diversion toilets and composting waste treatment plants in [[Port-au-Prince]] as part of the [[2010 Haiti earthquake]] emergency relief effort and in northern Haiti. There are currently 20,000 people using these units and more than 400,000 liters of compost have been produced as a result.<ref>Christine Dell'Amore, [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/10/111026-haiti-waste-poop-fertilizer-farms-soil-science-environment/ "Human Waste to Revive Haitian Farmland?"], ''The National Geographic'', October 26, 2011</ref> |
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* [[Cambodia]] - Lien Aid has assisted with the development and implementation of floating toilets that utilize UDD in a project called “River of life”<ref>http://washasia.wordpress.com/category/regions/east-asia/cambodia/ UDD and floating toilets in Cambodia</ref> |
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* [[Boating]] - Chris Melo, [[sailboat]] resident and [[nautical engineer]], cites 9 reasons to convert from conventional nautical toilets that store waste in black water tanks, or immediate discharge it overboard, to a UDD composting toilet<ref>http://ecovita.net/news/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/NaturesheadOnBoat2.pdf |
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</ref> Two competing manufactures for nautical use call their products Nature's Head and the Air Head Toilet.<ref>http://forum.woodenboat.com/showthread.php?114077-Nature-s-Head-vs.-Air-Head-Toilet Wooden Boat Forum</ref> |
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* [[Camping]] - [[Leave no trace]] is not only a [[philosophy]] but a necessity in areas where human waste left behind would not decay naturally. There are now portable UDD toilets for example by the Swedish company Separett that allow feces to be collected and packed out.<ref>http://www.flickr.com/photos/gtzecosan/2921708370/ Photo of Foldable camping UDD toilet by Separett (Sweden)</ref> Only urine is left behind which is of less concern as urine is nearly pathogen free. |
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* NatSol, a UK company that specialises in urine diverting dry toilets, has developed a solution that avoids the usual problems of blockage and fouling of urine separating bowls. It uses the [[Coandă effect]] to divert and send urine to a [[Dry well|soakaway]], rather than rely on evaporation.<ref>[http://natsol.co.uk/compost-toilet-products/ COMPUS Full Access dry toilet]</ref> |
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* Owing to limited water supplies in outer space, [[NASA]] started in May 2009 to utilize a UDD toilet to recycle urine into drinking water.<ref>http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2009/may/HQ_09-096_Recycled_Water_Go.html NASA Gives Space Station Crew 'Go' to Drink Recycled Water, May 2009</ref> |
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* In Namibia, UDDTs are known under the name of Otji toilets.<ref>Ingle, R., Berdau, S., Kleemann, F., Arndt, P. (2012). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1608 What does it take to convince decision makers in Omaruru, Namibia to scale up urine diversion dehydration “Otji toilets”?] 4th International Dry Toilet Conference, Tampere, Finland</ref> |
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* More examples of installations of UDDTs in developing countries is available in 45 case studies of the [[Sustainable Sanitation Alliance]] that describe projects with UDDTs.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.susana.org/en/resources/case-studies?vbl_2%5B%5D=&vbl_7%5B%5D=28|title = UDDT case studies of the Sustainable Sanitation Alliance|date = |accessdate = 19 October 2014|website = |publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref> |
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Revision as of 21:49, 25 October 2014
The toilet bowls or squatting pans for UDDTs can be commercially manufactured from plastic or ceramic and transported to the user or built locally by local NGOs or artisans, for example made of concrete.
Examples of UDDT installations
- The NGO Women in Europe for a Common Future (WECF) and local partners have built built many urine-diverting dry toilets for schools in Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia (EECCA region).[1]
- Haiti - SOIL has built urine-diversion toilets and composting waste treatment plants in Port-au-Prince as part of the 2010 Haiti earthquake emergency relief effort and in northern Haiti. There are currently 20,000 people using these units and more than 400,000 liters of compost have been produced as a result.[2]
- Cambodia - Lien Aid has assisted with the development and implementation of floating toilets that utilize UDD in a project called “River of life”[3]
- Boating - Chris Melo, sailboat resident and nautical engineer, cites 9 reasons to convert from conventional nautical toilets that store waste in black water tanks, or immediate discharge it overboard, to a UDD composting toilet[4] Two competing manufactures for nautical use call their products Nature's Head and the Air Head Toilet.[5]
- Camping - Leave no trace is not only a philosophy but a necessity in areas where human waste left behind would not decay naturally. There are now portable UDD toilets for example by the Swedish company Separett that allow feces to be collected and packed out.[6] Only urine is left behind which is of less concern as urine is nearly pathogen free.
- NatSol, a UK company that specialises in urine diverting dry toilets, has developed a solution that avoids the usual problems of blockage and fouling of urine separating bowls. It uses the Coandă effect to divert and send urine to a soakaway, rather than rely on evaporation.[7]
- Owing to limited water supplies in outer space, NASA started in May 2009 to utilize a UDD toilet to recycle urine into drinking water.[8]
- In Namibia, UDDTs are known under the name of Otji toilets.[9]
- More examples of installations of UDDTs in developing countries is available in 45 case studies of the Sustainable Sanitation Alliance that describe projects with UDDTs.[10]
- ^ Deegener, S., Wendland, C., Samwel, A., Samwel, M. (2009). Sustainable and safe school sanitation - How to provide hygienic and affordable sanitation in areas without a functioning wastewater system. Examples from Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia. Women in Europe for a Common Future (WECF), The Netherlands, Germany, France
- ^ Christine Dell'Amore, "Human Waste to Revive Haitian Farmland?", The National Geographic, October 26, 2011
- ^ http://washasia.wordpress.com/category/regions/east-asia/cambodia/ UDD and floating toilets in Cambodia
- ^ http://ecovita.net/news/wp-content/uploads/2009/07/NaturesheadOnBoat2.pdf
- ^ http://forum.woodenboat.com/showthread.php?114077-Nature-s-Head-vs.-Air-Head-Toilet Wooden Boat Forum
- ^ http://www.flickr.com/photos/gtzecosan/2921708370/ Photo of Foldable camping UDD toilet by Separett (Sweden)
- ^ COMPUS Full Access dry toilet
- ^ http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2009/may/HQ_09-096_Recycled_Water_Go.html NASA Gives Space Station Crew 'Go' to Drink Recycled Water, May 2009
- ^ Ingle, R., Berdau, S., Kleemann, F., Arndt, P. (2012). What does it take to convince decision makers in Omaruru, Namibia to scale up urine diversion dehydration “Otji toilets”? 4th International Dry Toilet Conference, Tampere, Finland
- ^ "UDDT case studies of the Sustainable Sanitation Alliance". Retrieved 19 October 2014.