Emergency sanitation: Difference between revisions
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The term "Emergency" is perceived differently by different people and organisations. In a general sence, an emergency may be considered to be a phenomenon originating from a man-made and/or natural disaster which posess a serious, usually sudden threat to the health or welbeing of the affected community which relies on external assistance to easily cope up with the situation.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Emergency_Sanitation.html?id=1HenhKSnn0sC&redir_esc=y|title=Emergency Sanitation: Assessment and Programme Design|last=Harvey|first=Peter|last2=Baghri|first2=Sohrab|last3=Reed|first3=Bob|date=2002-01-01|publisher=WEDC, Loughborough University|isbn=9781843800057|language=en}}</ref> There are different categories of emergency depending on its time frame, whether it lasts for few weeks, several months or years. |
The term "Emergency" is perceived differently by different people and organisations. In a general sence, an emergency may be considered to be a phenomenon originating from a man-made and/or natural disaster which posess a serious, usually sudden threat to the health or welbeing of the affected community which relies on external assistance to easily cope up with the situation.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Emergency_Sanitation.html?id=1HenhKSnn0sC&redir_esc=y|title=Emergency Sanitation: Assessment and Programme Design|last=Harvey|first=Peter|last2=Baghri|first2=Sohrab|last3=Reed|first3=Bob|date=2002-01-01|publisher=WEDC, Loughborough University|isbn=9781843800057|language=en}}</ref> There are different categories of emergency depending on its time frame, whether it lasts for few weeks, several months or years. |
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Based on how long the emergency lasts, Sanitation Emergency is considered to have three distinct phases: Immediate, Short term, and Long term |
Based on how long the emergency lasts, Sanitation Emergency is considered to have three distinct phases: Immediate, Short term, and Long term. |
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The number of people who are and will be affected by the catastrophes (human crisis and natural disasters), which are increasing in magnitude and frequency, is rapidly increasing. The affected peolpe are subjected to such dangers as temporary homelessness and risks to life and health.<ref>BORDA (2010). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/1508 EmSan - Emergency Sanitation - An innovative & rapidly applicable solution to safeguard hygiene and health in emergency situations]. Bremen Overseas Research and Development Association (BORDA) & BORDA BNS Network</ref> To address the problem of public health and the spread of dangerous diseases that come as a result of [[open defecation]], humanitarian actors focus on the construction of [[pit latrines]] and the implementation of hygiene promotion programmes.<ref name="Grange">Grange, C. (2016). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/2455 Faecal Sludge Management - WASH in Emergencies, Problem Exploration Report]. HIF (Humanitarian Innovation Fund) Problem Exploration Report. Cardiff: ELRHA</ref> The supply of [[drinking water]] in an urban-setting emergency has been improved by the introduction of standardised, rapid deployment kits; however, the provision of sanitation programmes is more challenging as it provides a limited choice of technologies.<ref name="Grange" /><ref name="Briantj">{{Cite web|url=http://www.urban-response.org/resource/19245|title=Urban Humanitarian Response Portal|website=urban-response.org|access-date=2017-04-19}}</ref> This is exacerbated by the overwhelming and diverse needs of WASH alone.<ref name="Briantj" /> |
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[[Latrines]] in areas where pits cannot be dug, desludging latrines, no-toilet options and the final treatment or disposal of the sewage are the areas identified as gaps in emergency response when it comes to excreta disposal.<ref name="Bastable">Bastable, A., Russell, L. (2013). [http://www.susana.org/en/resources/library/details/2452 Gap Analysis in Emergency Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion]. Humanitarian Innovation Fund (HIF), London, UK</ref> Another challenge is weak community participation and coming up with a hygiene promotion design that is suitable for a given context which in turn affect the sustainability of WASH interventions. All humanitarian actors need to understand the importance of better preparation and resilience and the need for exit strategies and have consideration on the environment.<ref name="Bastable" /> |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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[[Category:Sanitation]] |
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[[Category:Emergency management]] |
[[Category:Emergency management]] |
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Revision as of 10:42, 26 April 2017
The term "Emergency" is perceived differently by different people and organisations. In a general sence, an emergency may be considered to be a phenomenon originating from a man-made and/or natural disaster which posess a serious, usually sudden threat to the health or welbeing of the affected community which relies on external assistance to easily cope up with the situation.[1] There are different categories of emergency depending on its time frame, whether it lasts for few weeks, several months or years.
Based on how long the emergency lasts, Sanitation Emergency is considered to have three distinct phases: Immediate, Short term, and Long term.
The number of people who are and will be affected by the catastrophes (human crisis and natural disasters), which are increasing in magnitude and frequency, is rapidly increasing. The affected peolpe are subjected to such dangers as temporary homelessness and risks to life and health.[2] To address the problem of public health and the spread of dangerous diseases that come as a result of open defecation, humanitarian actors focus on the construction of pit latrines and the implementation of hygiene promotion programmes.[3] The supply of drinking water in an urban-setting emergency has been improved by the introduction of standardised, rapid deployment kits; however, the provision of sanitation programmes is more challenging as it provides a limited choice of technologies.[3][4] This is exacerbated by the overwhelming and diverse needs of WASH alone.[4]
Latrines in areas where pits cannot be dug, desludging latrines, no-toilet options and the final treatment or disposal of the sewage are the areas identified as gaps in emergency response when it comes to excreta disposal.[5] Another challenge is weak community participation and coming up with a hygiene promotion design that is suitable for a given context which in turn affect the sustainability of WASH interventions. All humanitarian actors need to understand the importance of better preparation and resilience and the need for exit strategies and have consideration on the environment.[5]
References
- ^ Harvey, Peter; Baghri, Sohrab; Reed, Bob (2002-01-01). Emergency Sanitation: Assessment and Programme Design. WEDC, Loughborough University. ISBN 9781843800057.
- ^ BORDA (2010). EmSan - Emergency Sanitation - An innovative & rapidly applicable solution to safeguard hygiene and health in emergency situations. Bremen Overseas Research and Development Association (BORDA) & BORDA BNS Network
- ^ a b Grange, C. (2016). Faecal Sludge Management - WASH in Emergencies, Problem Exploration Report. HIF (Humanitarian Innovation Fund) Problem Exploration Report. Cardiff: ELRHA
- ^ a b "Urban Humanitarian Response Portal". urban-response.org. Retrieved 2017-04-19.
- ^ a b Bastable, A., Russell, L. (2013). Gap Analysis in Emergency Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion. Humanitarian Innovation Fund (HIF), London, UK
