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List of richest Americans in history

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Business magnate and philanthropist John D. Rockefeller is widely considered the wealthiest American in history.

Most sources agree that, adjusting for inflation, John D. Rockefeller (1839–1937) was the richest man in the United States.[1][2][3]

There are various methods of comparing individuals' wealth across time, including using simple inflation-adjusted totals or calculating an individual's wealth as a share of contemporary gross domestic product (GDP). For example, economic blogger Scott Sumner noted in 2018 that Rockefeller was worth $1.4 billion when he died in 1937, about $24 billion in dollars adjusted to 2018. Meanwhile, Bill Gates in 1999 was worth nearly $150 billion in dollars adjusted to 2018.[4]

The second-richest person in terms of wealth compared to contemporary GDP is a subject of dispute. While most sources attribute this status to Andrew Carnegie, others argue that it could be Bill Gates, Cornelius Vanderbilt I, John Jacob Astor IV, or Henry Ford. Determining the lower ranks is an even more contentious debate. Vanderbilt left a fortune worth $100 million upon his death in 1877, equivalent to $2.4 billion today.[5] As the United States became the world's leading economic power by the late 19th century, the wealthiest people in America were often also the wealthiest people in the world.

Fortune's wealthiest Americans (1957)

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In 1957, Fortune magazine developed a list of the seventy-six wealthiest Americans, which was published in many American newspapers.[6] Jean Paul Getty, when asked his reaction to being named wealthiest American and whether he was worth a billion dollars, said, "You know, if you can count your money, you don't have a billion dollars" and then added, "But remember, a billion dollars isn't worth what it used to be."[7]

The second category, the second to eighth richest individuals, included Andrew Mellon's son, daughter, niece, and nephew. Wealthiest Americans included a total of seven members of the Rockefeller family, five members of the Ford family, four members of the Du Pont family (and a non-family DuPont executive), and four General Motors executives.

$400,000,000 to $700,000,000

$200,000,000 to $400,000,000

$100,000,000 to $200,000,000

$75,000,000 to $100,000,000

Klepper and Gunther (1996)

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In the 1996 book The Wealthy 100, authors Michael Klepper and Robert Gunther placed John D. Rockefeller atop the list of the richest Americans in history, followed by Cornelius Vanderbilt and John Jacob Astor.[8] Bill Gates was the top living person, coming in fifth.

American Heritage (1998)

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American Heritage magazine published the following list of 40 richest Americans ever in 1998, subtitling it "Surprise: Only three of them are alive today".[9] The list was compiled by taking each person's wealth at death, adding the amount given away during his lifetime, and expressing the total as a fraction of the nation's GDP at the time.

Bernstein and Swan (2008)

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Bernstein and Swan in All the Money in the World (2008) mention the 15 richest Americans in history.[10]

Business Insider (2011)

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Business Insider agreed on Rockefeller in first, but placed Andrew Carnegie second, followed by Vanderbilt, and Gates.[11]

CNN Money (2014)

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The following is a list compiled by CNN Money in 2014.[12]

By half decade

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This list names the richest American by half decade starting in 1770.[13]

Year Name Picture
1770 Peter Manigault[14]
1775 Robert Morris[15]
1780 William Bingham[16]
1785 Benjamin Franklin[17]
1790 John Hancock[18]
1795 Elias Hasket Derby[19]
1800 Thomas Willing[20]
1805 Stephen Girard[21]
1810
1815
1820
1825
1830
1835 Stephen Van Rensselaer[22]
1840 John Jacob Astor[23][24]
1845
1850 Cornelius Vanderbilt[25][26]
1855
1860
1865
1870
1875
1880 William Henry Vanderbilt[27]
1885
1890 John D. Rockefeller[28][29]
1895
1900 Andrew Carnegie
1905
1910 John D. Rockefeller
1915
1920 Henry Ford
1925
1930 Andrew Mellon
1935
1940 Henry Ford[30]
1945
1950 H. L. Hunt[31]
1955 J. Paul Getty
1960 Howard Hughes[32]
1965
1970
1975
1980 Daniel Ludwig[33]
1985 Sam Walton[34]
1990 John Kluge[35]
1995 Bill Gates[36]
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020 Jeff Bezos[37]

References

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  1. ^ "The All-Time Richest Americans". Forbes. September 14, 2007.
  2. ^ All the Money in the World (2008) by Bernstein and Swan, p. 17 "Introduction"
  3. ^ "CPI Inflation Calculator". United States Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved December 15, 2022.
  4. ^ Sumner, Scott (February 24, 2018). "Virtually all sources are wrong". The Money Illusion. Retrieved February 27, 2018.
  5. ^ 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  6. ^ "Richest People in America (1957) - LittleSis". littlesis.org. Retrieved June 18, 2024.
  7. ^ "J. Paul Getty Dead at 83; Amassed Billions From Oil". The New York Times. June 6, 1976. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
  8. ^ "The Wealthiest Americans Ever". The New York Times. July 15, 2007.
  9. ^ Gibson, Christine (October 1998). "The American Heritage". American Heritage. Vol. 49, no. 6.
  10. ^ All the Money in the World (2008) by Bernstein and Swan, p. 17 "Introduction"
  11. ^ Gus Lubin (April 17, 2011). "The 13 Richest Americans of All Time". Business Insider.
  12. ^ Hargreaves, Steve (June 1, 2014). "The richest Americans in history". CNNMoney. Retrieved March 5, 2018.
  13. ^ Klepper, Michael; Gunther, Michael (1996), The Wealthy 100: From Benjamin Franklin to Bill Gates – A Ranking of the Richest Americans, Past and Present, Secaucus, New Jersey: Carol Publishing Group, p. xii, ISBN 978-0-8065-1800-8, OCLC 33818143
  14. ^ Heitzler, Michael James (2005). Goose Creek, South Carolina: A Definitive History 1670–2003. Vol. 1. Charleston, SC: The History Press. p. 86. ISBN 978-1-59629-055-6.
  15. ^ Kennedy, John (1894). Robert Morris and the Holland Purchase. Batavia, NY: J. F. Hall. p. 121. richest man 1775 robert morris.
  16. ^ Spingola, Deanna (2011). The Ruling Elite: a Study in Imperialism, Genocide and Emancipation. Bloomington, IN: Trafford Publishing. p. 48. ISBN 978-1-4269-5462-7.
  17. ^ Gross, Daniel (April 1, 2002). "Finance & Investment: Cash of the Titans". Robb Report. Malibu, CA.
  18. ^ "Finance & Investment: Cash of the Titans".
  19. ^ Kellogg, Day Otis (1898). New American Supplement to the Latest Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 2. New York, NY: The Werner Company. p. 1031.
  20. ^ Burke, James (2007). American Connections: The Founding Fathers. Networked. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. pp. 157–58. ISBN 978-0-7432-8226-0. richest man america 1800.
  21. ^ Phillips, Kevin (June 18, 2002). Wealth and Democracy: A Political History of America's Rich. New York, NY: Broadway Books. p. Chapter 1. ISBN 9780767911511. richest man united states 1810.
  22. ^ Jones, Abner Dumont (1854). The Illustrated American Biography. Vol. 2. New York, NY: J. Milton Emerson & Co. p. 463.
  23. ^ Scharrenberg, Paul, ed. (February 1, 1929). "The Slow Climb of Wages". The Seamen's Journal. San Francisco, CA: International Seamen's Union of America. p. 48 – via Google Books.
  24. ^ Pinheiro, John C. (October 4, 2016). "James K. Polk: The American Franchise". U.S. Presidents: James K. Polk. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia: The Miller Center. Retrieved June 13, 2021.
  25. ^ Buder, Stanley (2009). Capitalizing on Change: A Social History of American Business. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. p. 105. ISBN 978-0-8078-3231-8. Cornelius Vanderbilt (1794–1877) succeeded Astor as the wealthiest American.
  26. ^ Kemp, Michael (2016). Uncommon Sense: Investment Wisdom Since the Stock Market's Dawn. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons. p. 242. ISBN 978-0-7303-2424-9. Consider also Cornelius Vanderbilt, the wealthiest American at the time of his death in 1877.
  27. ^ Davies, Norman (2018). Beneath Another Sky: A Global Journey into History. London, United Kingdom: Allen Lane. p. 534. ISBN 978-1-8461-4831-6 – via Google Books.
  28. ^ Li, Xiaobing; Molina, Michael (2014). Oil: A Cultural and Geographic Encyclopedia of Black Gold. Vol. 1. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 335. ISBN 978-1-61069-271-7.
  29. ^ "America's Richest Man: J. D. Rockefeller and his Enormous Fortune". The Star. Canterbury, NZ. Detroit Free Press. April 6, 1895.
  30. ^ National Republic: A Monthly Review of American History, Policy, Politics and Public Affairs. Washington, DC: National Republic Publishing Co. 1940. p. 30. The richest man in America is Henry Ford.
  31. ^ Knowles, Ruth Sheldon (1978). The Greatest Gamblers: The Epic of American Oil Exploration. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. p. 302. ISBN 978-0-8061-1513-9.
  32. ^ Swindoll, Charles R. (2005). Living on the Ragged Edge Workbook: Finding Joy in a World Gone Mad. Nashville, TN: Nelson Reference & Electronic. p. 95. ISBN 978-1-4185-5938-0 – via Google Books.
  33. ^ Berglund, Nina (August 15, 1980). "Billionaire Buys Catalina Savings". Tucson Citizen. Tucson, AZ. pp. 1A, 3A – via Newspapers.com.
  34. ^ "America's richest man is one of the boys". UPI Archives. Washington, DC. United Press International. November 10, 1985. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  35. ^ Miller, Stephen (September 9, 2010). "A One-Man Empire, From TV to Laundry". The Wall Street Journal.
  36. ^ "Forbes magazine profile on Bill Gates". Forbes. 2015. Retrieved May 1, 2015.
  37. ^ "Jeff Bezos Becomes the Richest Man in Modern History, Topping $150 Billion". Bloomberg. July 16, 2018. Retrieved May 10, 2020.