弓: difference between revisions
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{{also|弖|弔}} |
{{also|弖|弔}} |
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{{character info}} |
{{character info}} |
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{{character info|⼸}} |
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==Translingual== |
==Translingual== |
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{{stroke order|type=animate}} |
{{stroke order|type=animate}} |
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====Derived characters==== |
====Derived characters==== |
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* [[ |
* [[Appendix:Chinese radical/弓]] |
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* {{l|mul|[[𰁣]], [[𭇂]], [[𡉖]], [[𫝳]], [[𢁠]], [[𢖸]], [[㧈]], [[𬇗]], [[杛]], [[𰎉]], [[𭨧]], [[𧘏]], [[𥸲]], [[𥾏]], [[𮓶]], [[𧢺]], [[躬]], [[䩑]], [[𩨙]], [[𩾫]]}} |
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⚫ | |||
* {{l|mul|[[𢀶]], [[矤]], [[𫾰]], [[𬶿]], [[𧱶]], [[𡗝]], [[宆]], [[𡰬]], [[芎]], [[𥝙]], [[穹]], [[𥫤]], [[𩁽]], [[𪎔]], [[𦦎]], [[夷]], [[粥]], [[䰜]], [[𠰀]], [[𤵶]], [[虇]]}} |
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====See also==== |
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⚫ | |||
====References==== |
====References==== |
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* {{Han ref|kx=0356.010|dkj=09692|dj=0671.220|hdz=20987.110|uh=5F13|ud=24339|bh=A47D|bd=42109}} |
* {{Han ref|kx=0356.010|dkj=09692|dj=0671.220|hdz=20987.110|uh=5F13|ud=24339|bh=A47D|bd=42109}} |
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---- |
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==Chinese== |
==Chinese== |
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{{zh-forms}} |
{{zh-forms|alt=𭚥}} |
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===Glyph origin=== |
===Glyph origin=== |
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{{Han etyl}} |
{{Han etyl}} |
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{{liushu|p}} |
{{liushu|p}} – a bow. |
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===Etymology=== |
===Etymology=== |
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Possibly related to {{cog|tbq-pro|*kuːŋ||tree, branch, stem}} ({{zh-ref|Coblin, 1986}}), semantically connected with the shape of a bent tree branch. Cognate with {{cog|my| |
Possibly related to {{cog|tbq-pro|*kuːŋ||tree, branch, stem}} ({{zh-ref|Coblin, 1986}}), semantically connected with the shape of a bent tree branch. Cognate with {{cog|my|ကိုင်း||to bend over; to be bent}}, {{m|my|အကိုင်း||stalk; branch}}, {{cog|ctd|tr=kung¹|t=tree}}, {{cog|kac|kung||to branch; to grow}}, {{m|kac|lakung|la'''kung'''|branch; limb}}, {{cog|lep|ᰀᰩᰵ|tr=kóng|t=branch}}, {{m|lep|ᰀᰫᰵ|tr=kúng|t=tree}} (STEDT). |
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{{zh-ref|Schuessler (2007)}} proposes that both {{cog|och|-}} {{och-l|弓}} and {{cog|tbq-pro|*kuːŋ}} are derived from {{bor|zh|mkh-pro|*koŋ}}, whence {{cog|cbn|tr=kóoŋ|t=bent (in the middle)}}, {{cog|mnw|ကိုၚ်||to be bent}}, {{cog|km|កោង||to bend; to be bent}}, {{cog|kha|pyrkhung||to bend; to arch}}, {{cog|pcb|kuŋ||bend}}, {{cog|vi|cong||to be bent, curved}}. |
{{zh-ref|Schuessler (2007)}} proposes that both {{cog|och|-}} {{och-l|弓}} and {{cog|tbq-pro|*kuːŋ}} are derived from {{bor|zh|mkh-pro|*koŋ}}, whence {{cog|cbn|tr=kóoŋ|t=bent (in the middle)}}, {{cog|mnw|ကိုၚ်||to be bent}}, {{cog|km|កោង||to bend; to be bent}}, {{cog|kha|pyrkhung||to bend; to arch}}, {{cog|pcb|kuŋ||bend}}, {{cog|vi|cong||to be bent, curved}}. |
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{{zh-pron |
{{zh-pron |
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|m=gōng |
|m=gōng |
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|m-s= |
|m-s=gong1/jiong1 |
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|dg=гун1 |
|dg=гун1 |
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|c=gung1 |
|c=gung1 |
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|mn_note=keng - vernacular; kiong - literary |
|mn_note=keng - vernacular; kiong - literary |
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|mn-t=gêng1 |
|mn-t=gêng1 |
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|w=1kon |
|w=sh:1kon |
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|x=gong1 |
|x=gen1/gong1 |
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|mc=y |
|mc=y |
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|oc=y |
|oc=y |
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|ma=zh-gōng.oga |
|ma=zh-gōng.oga |
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|cat=n,a,v |
|cat=n,a,v,cls,pn |
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}} |
}} |
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===Definitions=== |
===Definitions=== |
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{{zh |
{{head|zh|hanzi}} |
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# [[bow]] {{gl|weapon}} |
# [[bow]] {{gl|weapon}} {{zh-mw|張}} |
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# bow {{gl|of a stringed instrument, or a cotton bow, or catapult}} {{zh-mw|張}} |
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# [[curved]]; [[arched]] |
# [[curved]]; [[arched]] |
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# to [[arch]]; to [[bend]] |
# to [[arch]]; to [[bend]] |
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# {{lb|zh|obsolete}} {{synonym of|zh|步|nodot=a}} |
# {{lb|zh|Jiexi|_|Hakka}} [[rainbow]] |
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# {{lb|zh|obsolete}} {{synonym of|zh|步|nodot=a}} {{q|a [[traditional]] [[Chinese]] [[unit]] of [[length]] and [[area]]}} |
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# {{surname|zh}}: [[Gong]] |
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=== |
====Synonyms==== |
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* {{q|bow of a stringed instrument, or a cotton bow, or catapult}} {{zh-l|弓子}} |
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⚫ | {{zh |
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* {{s|to arch}} {{zh-l|彎曲}} |
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* {{s|rainbow}} |
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{{zh-dial|虹}} |
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=== |
====Compounds==== |
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⚫ | {{col3|zh|弓背|弓箭|弓弩|弓身|弓弦|弓形|弓腰|弓子|一弓|主動脈弓|仲弓|傷弓之鳥|半弓|定弓田|定弓虛稅|左右開弓|弓不虛發|弓人|弓兒|弓兒扯滿|弓兵|弓冶|弓匠|弓套|弓弓|弓形鑽|弓影杯蛇|弓影浮杯|弓手|弓折矢盡|弓折箭盡|弓招|弓旌|弓極|弓步|弓漿蟲|弓琴|弓矛之士|弓矢|弓硯緣|弓箭手|弓箭步|弓腰曲背|弓蛇|弓裘|弓調馬服|弓足|弓鞋|弓鞬|弓韣|弓馬|弓鰭魚|弩弓|張弓拔刃|張弓挾矢|張弓簇箭|張羅彀弓|強弓硬弩|弸弓|彈弓|彎弓|彎弓搭箭|彤弓|彫弓|悶弓兒|手弓鋸|打背弓|扯弓搭箭|拈弓搭箭|拉硬弓|搭弩張弓|撥弓|杯弓蛇影|棄弓折箭|楚弓楚得|檀弓|櫜弓臥鼓|步弓|滿弓|烹犬藏弓|玈弓|玉弓|番弓|盤馬彎弓|硬弓|硬弩強弓|窄弓弓|窩弓|綿弓|繃弓|背弓|良弓|落背弓|角弓|調弓號猿|貫弓|開弓|關弓|韜弓|驚弓之鳥|鳥盡弓藏|天弓|開弦弓|弓蕉<tr:gung1 ziu1>|弓繳|琴弓|弓毛|弓根|弓師}} |
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====See also==== |
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* {{zh-l|箭}} |
* {{zh-l|箭}} |
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* {{zh-l|矢}} |
* {{zh-l|矢}} |
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===References=== |
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⚫ | |||
* {{R:yue:Hanzi}} |
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{{cat|cmn|Intermediate Mandarin}} |
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---- |
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⚫ | |||
==Japanese== |
==Japanese== |
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{{ja-readings |
{{ja-readings |
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|goon=く, くう |
|goon=く, くう |
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|kanon=きゅう<き |
|kanon=きゅう<きゆう |
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|kun=たらし-, ゆ-, ゆみ- |
|kun=たらし-, ゆ-, ゆみ- |
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|nanori=こ, ゆ |
|nanori=こ, ゆ |
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===Etymology 1=== |
===Etymology 1=== |
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{{etymid|ja|yu}} |
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{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|ゆ}} |
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|ゆ}} |
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====Pronunciation==== |
====Pronunciation==== |
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{{ja-pron |
{{ja-pron|ゆ}} |
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====Prefix==== |
====Prefix==== |
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===Etymology 2=== |
===Etymology 2=== |
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{{etymid|ja|yumi}} |
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<div style="float:right;"> |
<div style="float:right;"> |
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{{wikipedia|lang=ja|弓 (楽器)}} |
{{wikipedia|lang=ja|弓 (楽器)}} |
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{{wikipedia|lang=ja|弓 (武器)}} |
{{wikipedia|lang=ja|弓 (武器)}} |
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{{wikipedia|Bow and arrow}} |
{{wikipedia|Bow and arrow}} |
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{{wikipedia|Yumi}} |
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[[File:Yumi-p1000624.jpg|thumb|250px|{{lang|ja|弓}} (''yu'', ''yumi'', ''tarashi'', ''kyū''): Japanese '''bows''', arrows, and arrow-stand.]] |
[[File:Yumi-p1000624.jpg|thumb|250px|{{lang|ja|弓}} (''yu'', ''yumi'', ''tarashi'', ''kyū''): Japanese '''bows''', arrows, and arrow-stand.]] |
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[[File:Yumi name of parts.svg|thumb|300px|Yumi bow parts names]] |
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</div> |
</div> |
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{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|ゆみ}} |
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|ゆみ}} |
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From {{inh|ja|ojp|sort=ゆみ|-}}. |
From {{inh|ja|ojp|sort=ゆみ|-}}. Appears in the ''{{w|Man'yōshū}}'' (c. 759 {{CE}}). A surface analysis suggests a combination of {{cog|ojp|-}} ''yu'' (see above) + suffixing element ''mi'', itself of uncertain derivation. |
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====Pronunciation==== |
====Pronunciation==== |
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{{ja-pron |
{{ja-pron|ゆみ|acc=2|acc_ref=NHK,DJR}} |
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====Noun==== |
====Noun==== |
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# a [[bow]]: |
# a [[bow]]: |
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## {{lb|ja|weaponry|sort=ゆみ}} a bow for shooting [[arrow]]s |
## {{lb|ja|weaponry|sort=ゆみ}} a bow for shooting [[arrow]]s |
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## {{lb|ja| |
## {{lb|ja|string instrument|sort=ゆみ}} a bow for playing a [[stringed instrument]] such as a [[violin]] or [[cello]] |
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# [[archery]] |
# [[archery]] |
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# {{lb|ja|Shinto|sort=ゆみ}} a type of [[kagura]] (sacred Shinto song and dance) intended to drive away [[evil]] |
# {{lb|ja|Shinto|sort=ゆみ}} a type of [[kagura]] (sacred Shinto song and dance) intended to drive away [[evil]] |
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=====Coordinate terms===== |
=====Coordinate terms===== |
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* {{sense|archery}} {{ja-r| |
* {{sense|archery}} {{ja-r|仗|つえ}}/{{ja-r|杖|つえ}}: [[yumi]] [[stave]]; {{ja-r|弦|つる}}: [[yumi]] [[bowstring]]; {{ja-r|矢|や}}: an [[arrow]] ({{ja-r|鏃|やじり}}: [[arrowhead]]s; {{ja-r|簳|やがら}}: arrow-[[shaft]]s; {{ja-r|羽|はね}}: arrow-[[fletching]]s); {{ja-r|靫|うつぼ}}): an [[quiver]]; {{ja-r|胸当て|むねあて}}: [[kyudo]] [[plastron]]/[[chestguard]]; {{ja-r|弽|ゆがけ}}: [[kyudo]] [[glove]]s; {{ja-r|弩|いしゆみ}}: a [[crossbow]] |
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=====Derived terms===== |
=====Derived terms===== |
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* {{ja-r|ロングボウ||longbow}} |
* {{ja-r|ロングボウ||longbow}} |
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====Further reading==== |
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* {{ |
* {{pedia|lang=ja|弓_(武器)}} (archery) |
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* {{ |
* {{pedia|Yumi|Yumi (Japanese archery bow)}} |
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* {{ |
* {{pedia|lang=ja|弓_(楽器)}} (music) |
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* {{ |
* {{pedia|Bow_(music)}} |
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===Etymology 3=== |
===Etymology 3=== |
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{{etymid|ja|tarashi}} |
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{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|たらし}} |
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=k|たらし}} |
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Alteration from ''torashi'', {{m|ja|連用形|tr=ren'yōkei||stem or continuative form}} of verb ''torasu'', from ''tora'' as the {{m|ja|未然形|tr=mizenkei||incomplete form}} of verb {{m|ja|取る|tr=toru||to take}} + {{m|ja|す|tr=su|pos=honorific suffix in {{ |
Alteration from ''torashi'', {{m|ja|連用形|tr=ren'yōkei||stem or continuative form}} of verb ''torasu'', from ''tora'' as the {{m|ja|未然形|tr=mizenkei||incomplete form}} of verb {{m|ja|取る|tr=toru||to take}} + {{m|ja|す|tr=su|pos=honorific suffix in {{cog|ojp|-}}}}. Original meaning was “something kept [[to hand]]”.<ref name="KDJ"/><ref name="DJR"/> |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
====Alternative forms==== |
====Alternative forms==== |
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* {{ja-l|執}} |
* {{ja-l|執}} |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
====Noun==== |
====Noun==== |
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===Etymology 4=== |
===Etymology 4=== |
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{{etymid|ja|kyuu}} |
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{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=kanon|きゅう}} |
{{ja-kanjitab|yomi=kanon|きゅう}} |
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From {{der|ja|ltc|sort=きゅう|-}} {{ltc-l|弓}}.<ref name="KDJ"/><ref name="DJR"/> Compare modern {{ |
From {{der|ja|ltc|sort=きゅう|-}} {{ltc-l|弓}}.<ref name="KDJ"/><ref name="DJR"/> Compare modern {{cog|cmn|-}} {{m|zh|弓|tr=gōng}}. |
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====Pronunciation==== |
====Pronunciation==== |
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{{ja-pron |
{{ja-pron|きゅう|acc=1|acc_ref=DJR}} |
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====Noun==== |
====Noun==== |
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=====Usage notes===== |
=====Usage notes===== |
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In modern {{ |
In modern {{noncog|ja|-}}, the reading ''kyū'' is most often found in compounds. |
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=====Derived terms===== |
=====Derived terms===== |
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===References=== |
===References=== |
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<references/> |
<references/> |
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---- |
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==Korean== |
==Korean== |
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[[image:Hun bow.jpg|thumb|right|<big>弓</big> <br> the shape of the Hun bow]] |
[[image:Hun bow.jpg|thumb|right|<big>弓</big> <br> the shape of the Hun bow]] |
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===Etymology=== |
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{{rfe|ko|Middle Korean readings, if any}} |
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===Pronunciation=== |
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{{ko-hanja-pron|궁}} |
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===Hanja=== |
===Hanja=== |
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{{ko-hanja-search}} |
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{{ko-hanja|활|궁}} |
{{ko-hanja|활|궁}} |
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====Compounds==== |
====Compounds==== |
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* {{ko-l|궁도|弓道|archery}} |
* {{ko-l|궁도|弓道|archery}} |
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---- |
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==Vietnamese== |
==Vietnamese== |
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===Han character=== |
===Han character=== |
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{{vi- |
{{vi-readings|reading=cung, cong, củng|rs=弓00}} |
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# a [[bow]] |
# a [[bow]] |
Latest revision as of 20:24, 3 June 2024
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]弓 (Kangxi radical 57, 弓+0, 3 strokes, cangjie input 弓 (N), four-corner 17207, composition ⿱コ㇉)
- Kangxi radical #57, ⼸.
Derived characters
[edit]- Appendix:Chinese radical/弓
- 𰁣, 𭇂, 𡉖, 𫝳, 𢁠, 𢖸, 㧈, 𬇗, 杛, 𰎉, 𭨧, 𧘏, 𥸲, 𥾏, 𮓶, 𧢺, 躬, 䩑, 𩨙, 𩾫
- 𢀶, 矤, 𫾰, 𬶿, 𧱶, 𡗝, 宆, 𡰬, 芎, 𥝙, 穹, 𥫤, 𩁽, 𪎔, 𦦎, 夷, 粥, 䰜, 𠰀, 𤵶, 虇
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 356, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9692
- Dae Jaweon: page 671, character 22
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 987, character 11
- Unihan data for U+5F13
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
弓 | |
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alternative forms | 𭚥 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 弓 | |||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Pictogram (象形) – a bow.
Etymology
[edit]Possibly related to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *kuːŋ (“tree, branch, stem”) (Coblin, 1986), semantically connected with the shape of a bent tree branch. Cognate with Burmese ကိုင်း (kuing:, “to bend over; to be bent”), အကိုင်း (a.kuing:, “stalk; branch”), Tedim Chin [script needed] (kung¹, “tree”), Jingpho kung (“to branch; to grow”), lakung (“branch; limb”), Lepcha ᰀᰩᰵ (kóng, “branch”), ᰀᰫᰵ (kúng, “tree”) (STEDT).
Schuessler (2007) proposes that both Old Chinese 弓 (OC *kʷɯŋ) and Proto-Tibeto-Burman *kuːŋ are derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer *koŋ, whence Nyah Kur [script needed] (kóoŋ, “bent (in the middle)”), Mon ကိုၚ် (“to be bent”), Khmer កោង (kaong, “to bend; to be bent”), Khasi pyrkhung (“to bend; to arch”), Pear kuŋ (“bend”), Vietnamese cong (“to be bent, curved”).
Also compare Proto-Tibeto-Burman *ku(ː)m (“arched; vaulted”)
Derivatives are 肱 (OC *kʷɯːŋ, “(upper) arm”) and 穹 (OC *kʰʷɯŋ, “arched; vault; sky”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): gong1 / jiong1
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гун (gun, I)
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gung1
- Gan (Wiktionary): gung1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): gung1
- Northern Min (KCR): gé̤ng
- Eastern Min (BUC): gṳ̆ng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1kon
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gen1 / gong1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gong
- Wade–Giles: kung1
- Yale: gūng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gong
- Palladius: гун (gun)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: gong1 / jiong1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gung / gyng
- Sinological IPA (key): /koŋ⁵⁵/, /t͡ɕyoŋ⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гун (gun, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gung1
- Yale: gūng
- Cantonese Pinyin: gung1
- Guangdong Romanization: gung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: gung1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuŋ⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiûng
- Hakka Romanization System: giung´
- Hagfa Pinyim: giung1
- Sinological IPA: /ki̯uŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: gung1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /kũŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gé̤ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kœyŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gṳ̆ng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kyŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- keng - vernacular;
- kiong - literary.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Standort | 弓 |
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Mandarin | Beijing | /kuŋ⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /kuŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /kuŋ²¹/ | |
Jinan | /kuŋ²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /kəŋ²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /kuŋ²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /kuŋ²¹/ | |
Xining | /kuə̃⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /kuŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /kũn³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /kuŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /koŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /koŋ⁵⁵/ /t͡ɕyoŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /koŋ⁵⁵/ /t͡ɕioŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /koŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /koŋ³¹/ | |
Hefei | /kəŋ²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /kuəŋ¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /kuŋ¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /kũŋ³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /koŋ⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /koŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /koŋ³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /t͡ɕoŋ³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /kuʌ̃³¹/ |
Tunxi | /kan¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /koŋ³³/ |
Xiangtan | /kən³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /kuŋ⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /kiuŋ⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /kioŋ²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /koŋ⁵³/ |
Nanning | /kuŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Hongkong | /kuŋ⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kiɔŋ⁵⁵/ /kiŋ⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kyŋ⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kœyŋ⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /keŋ³³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /koŋ²³/ /kiaŋ²³/ |
- Middle Chinese: kjuwng
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʷəŋ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kʷɯŋ/
Definitions
[edit]弓
- bow (weapon) (Classifier: 張/张)
- bow (of a stringed instrument, or a cotton bow, or catapult) (Classifier: 張/张)
- curved; arched
- to arch; to bend
- (Jiexi Hakka) rainbow
- (obsolete) Synonym of 步 (bù) (a traditional Chinese unit of length and area)
- a surname: Gong
Synonyms
[edit]- (bow of a stringed instrument, or a cotton bow, or catapult) 弓子 (gōngzi)
- (to arch): 彎曲/弯曲 (wānqū)
- (rainbow):
Compounds
[edit]- 一弓
- 主動脈弓/主动脉弓 (zhǔdòngmàigōng)
- 仲弓
- 傷弓之鳥/伤弓之鸟
- 半弓
- 天弓 (tiāngōng)
- 定弓田
- 定弓虛稅/定弓虚税
- 左右開弓/左右开弓
- 弓不虛發/弓不虚发
- 弓人 (gōngrén)
- 弓兒/弓儿
- 弓兒扯滿/弓儿扯满
- 弓兵
- 弓冶
- 弓匠
- 弓套
- 弓子 (gōngzi)
- 弓師/弓师
- 弓弓
- 弓弦 (gōngxián)
- 弓弩 (gōngnǔ)
- 弓形 (gōngxíng)
- 弓形鑽/弓形钻
- 弓影杯蛇
- 弓影浮杯
- 弓手 (gōngshǒu)
- 弓折矢盡/弓折矢尽
- 弓折箭盡/弓折箭尽
- 弓招
- 弓旌
- 弓根 (gōnggēn)
- 弓極/弓极
- 弓步 (gōngbù)
- 弓毛 (gōngmáo)
- 弓漿蟲/弓浆虫
- 弓琴
- 弓矛之士
- 弓矢 (gōngshǐ)
- 弓硯緣/弓砚缘
- 弓箭 (gōngjiàn)
- 弓箭手 (gōngjiànshǒu)
- 弓箭步 (gōngjiànbù)
- 弓繳/弓缴 (gōngzhuó)
- 弓背
- 弓腰
- 弓腰曲背
- 弓蕉 (gung1 ziu1)
- 弓蛇
- 弓裘
- 弓調馬服/弓调马服
- 弓足
- 弓身 (gōngshēn)
- 弓鞋 (gōngxié)
- 弓鞬
- 弓韣/弓𱂋
- 弓馬/弓马 (gōngmǎ)
- 弓鰭魚/弓鳍鱼
- 弩弓
- 弸弓
- 張弓拔刃/张弓拔刃
- 張弓挾矢/张弓挟矢
- 強弓硬弩/强弓硬弩 (qiáng gōng yìng nǔ)
- 張弓簇箭/张弓簇箭
- 張羅彀弓/张罗彀弓
- 彈弓/弹弓 (dàngōng)
- 彎弓/弯弓
- 彎弓搭箭/弯弓搭箭
- 彤弓
- 彫弓/雕弓
- 悶弓兒/闷弓儿
- 手弓鋸/手弓锯
- 打背弓
- 扯弓搭箭 (chě gōng dā jiàn)
- 拈弓搭箭
- 拉硬弓
- 搭弩張弓/搭弩张弓
- 撥弓/拨弓
- 杯弓蛇影 (bēigōng-shéyǐng)
- 棄弓折箭/弃弓折箭
- 楚弓楚得
- 檀弓
- 櫜弓臥鼓/櫜弓卧鼓
- 步弓 (bùgōng)
- 滿弓/满弓
- 烹犬藏弓
- 玈弓
- 玉弓
- 琴弓 (qíngōng)
- 番弓
- 盤馬彎弓/盘马弯弓
- 硬弓
- 硬弩強弓/硬弩强弓
- 窄弓弓
- 窩弓/窝弓
- 綿弓/绵弓
- 繃弓/绷弓 (bēnggōng)
- 背弓
- 良弓
- 落背弓
- 角弓 (jiǎogōng)
- 調弓號猿/调弓号猿
- 貫弓/贯弓
- 開弓/开弓 (kāigōng)
- 開弦弓/开弦弓 (Kāixiángōng)
- 關弓/关弓
- 韜弓/韬弓
- 驚弓之鳥/惊弓之鸟 (jīnggōngzhīniǎo)
- 鳥盡弓藏/鸟尽弓藏 (niǎojìngōngcáng)
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- “弓”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: く (ku); くう (kū)
- Kan-on: きゅう (kyū, Jōyō)←きゆう (kyuu, historical)
- Kun: たらし (tarashi, 弓); ゆ (yu, 弓); ゆみ (yumi, 弓, Jōyō)
- Nanori: こ (ko); ゆ (yu)
Etymology 1
[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
弓 |
ゆ Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. In modern Japanese, only found as a prefix in compounds.[1][2]
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
弓 |
ゆみ Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE). A surface analysis suggests a combination of Old Japanese yu (see above) + suffixing element mi, itself of uncertain derivation.
Pronunciation
[edit]Nomen
[edit]- a bow:
- archery
- (Shinto) a type of kagura (sacred Shinto song and dance) intended to drive away evil
- short for 破魔弓 (hama yumi): a ceremonial archery bow with the power to dispel evil
- a bow shape, a curve
- a bow-shaped tool used to beat ginned cotton into a softer and finer textile
Coordinate terms
[edit]- (archery): 仗 (tsue)/杖 (tsue): yumi stave; 弦 (tsuru): yumi bowstring; 矢 (ya): an arrow (鏃 (yajiri): arrowheads; 簳 (yagara): arrow-shafts; 羽 (hane): arrow-fletchings); 靫 (utsubo)): an quiver; 胸当て (muneate): kyudo plastron/chestguard; 弽 (yugake): kyudo gloves; 弩 (ishiyumi): a crossbow
Derived terms
[edit]- 和弓 (wayumi, "Japanese bow/yumi”)
- 弓矢 (yumiya, "bow and arrow”)
- 大弓 (daikyū, "longbow”)
- 半弓 (hankyū, "shortbow”)
- 梓弓 (azusayumi, "a bow made from the wood of the Japanese cherry birch (Betula grossa”)
- 破魔弓 (hamayumi, "a traditional Shintō ceremonial bow for dispelling evil”)
- 重籐弓 (shigedōyumi), 滋籐弓 (shigedō yumi), 繁籐弓 (shigedō yumi, "a rattan wood bow”)
See also
[edit]- ロングボウ (rongubō, “longbow”)
Further reading
[edit]- 弓_(武器) on the Japanese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ja (archery)
- Yumi (Japanese archery bow) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- 弓_(楽器) on the Japanese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ja (music)
- Bow_(music) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Etymology 3
[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
弓 |
たらし Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
Alteration from torashi, 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb torasu, from tora as the 未然形 (mizenkei, “incomplete form”) of verb 取る (toru, “to take”) + す (su, honorific suffix in Old Japanese). Original meaning was “something kept to hand”.[1][2]
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Nomen
[edit]Synonyms
[edit]Etymology 4
[edit]
Kanji in this term |
---|
弓 |
きゅう Grade: 2 |
kan'on |
From Middle Chinese 弓 (MC kjuwng).[1][2] Compare modern Mandarin 弓 (gōng).
Pronunciation
[edit]Nomen
[edit]- (rare) a bow
- (obsolete) in ancient Chinese archery, a unit of length for measuring the distance between the archer and the target; one kyū was equal to six 尺 (shaku), roughly six feet or 182 centimeters
- (obsolete) in ancient China, a unit of length for surveying land; one kyū was equal to eight 尺 (shaku), roughly eight feet or 242 centimeters
Usage notes
[edit]In modern Japanese, the reading kyū is most often found in compounds.
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kuŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [궁]
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]弓: Hán Nôm readings: cung, cong, củng
- a bow
Compounds
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- zh:Weapons
- zh:Archery
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