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Latest revision as of 08:59, 5 June 2024

See also: 绿, 緑, 緣, and 缘

綠	U+7DA0, 綠 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7DA0

← 綟
[U+7D9F]

CJK Unified Ideographs

綡 →
[U+7DA1]

綠	U+F93D, 綠 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F93D

← 祿
[U+F93C]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

菉 →
[U+F93E]

Translingual

Traditional	綠
Shinjitai	緑
Simplified	绿

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 926, character 27
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27541
Dae Jaweon: page 1363, character 9
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): not present, would follow volume 5, page 3422, character 2
Unihan data for U+7DA0

Unihan data for U+F93D

Chinese

trad.		綠/緑
simp.		绿

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 綠
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (彔) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
剝	*proːɡ
龣	kroːɡ, roːɡ
祿	*roːɡ
淥	roːɡ, roɡ
睩	*roːɡ
琭	*roːɡ
箓	*roːɡ
碌	roːɡ, roɡ
盝	*roːɡ
娽	roːɡ, roɡ
彔	*b·roːɡ
趢	roːɡ, roɡ
簶	*roːɡ
綠	*roɡ
逯	*roɡ
錄	*roɡ
醁	*roɡ
騄	*roɡ
菉	*roɡ
籙	*roɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roɡ) : semantic 糸 + phonetic 彔 (OC *b·roːɡ).

Etymology

Starostin derives this from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *rwak (“leaf”), and cites Tibetan ཁྲོག་པོ (khrog po, “botanical term used of leaves standing round the stem scattered or alternately”), Burmese ရွက် (rwak), အရွက် (a.rwak, “leaf”) as cognates. Compare also Kinnauri rāgʻ (“blue, green”).

Cognate with 菉 (“name of a plant of uncertain species”). In modern times this character gave rise to 氯 (“chlorine”).

For the sense “to cuckold”, see 綠頭巾／绿头巾 (lǜtóujīn).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): lǜ, lù (lü⁴, lu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄩˋ, ㄌㄨˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): nu²

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): лю (li͡u, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): luk⁶

(Taishan, Wiktionary): luuk⁵
Gan (Wiktionary): liuh⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): liu̍k

(Meixian, Guangdong): liug⁶
Jin (Wiktionary): lueh⁴
Northern Min (KCR): lṳ̀
Eastern Min (BUC): liŏh / lṳ̆k
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): le̍k / lia̍k / lio̍k

(Teochew, Peng'im): lêg⁸
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸loq
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): lou⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, vernacular)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lǜ
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄩˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lyù
  - Wade–Giles: lü⁴
  - Yale: lyù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liuh
  - Palladius: люй (ljuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ly⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, literary)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lù
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lù
  - Wade–Giles: lu⁴
  - Yale: lù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luh
  - Palladius: лу (lu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lu⁵¹/

Note: lù - literary reading preserved in certain proper nouns (鴨綠江, 綠林, 綠營).

- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: nu²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nu²¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: лю (li͡u, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liou²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: luk⁶
  - Yale: luhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: luk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: lug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lʊk̚²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: luuk⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɵk̚³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: liuh⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /liuʔ⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liu̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: liug
  - Hagfa Pinyim: liug⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /li̯uk̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: liug⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /liʊk̚⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: lueh⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /luəʔ²/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lṳ̀
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ly⁴²/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: liŏh / lṳ̆k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃uoʔ⁵/, /l̃yʔ⁵/

Note:

liŏh - vernacular;
lṳ̆k - literary.

Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Hsinchu, Lukang, Sanxia, Yilan, Kinmen, Magong, Penang, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: le̍k
  - Tâi-lô: li̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lek
  - IPA (Lukang): /liɪk̚³⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan): /liɪk̚⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Singapore): /lek̚⁴³/
  - IPA (Penang): /lek̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kinmen): /liɪk̚⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Yilan): /liɪk̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lia̍k
  - Tâi-lô: lia̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liak
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liak̚²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lio̍k
  - Tâi-lô: lio̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liok
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔk̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɔk̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /liɔk̚⁴/

Note:

le̍k/lia̍k - vernacular;
lio̍k - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: lêg⁸
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: le̍k
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /lek̚⁴/

Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁸loq
  - MiniDict: loh^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵loq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /loʔ¹²/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: lou⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ləu̯²⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Standort	edit 綠
Mandarin	Beijing	/ly⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ly⁵³/
	Tianjin	/luei⁵³/ /ly⁵³/
	Jinan	/ly²¹/
	Qingdao	/ly⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ly²⁴/ /ly⁴²/
	Xi'an	/liou²¹/
	Xining	/liɯ⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/lu¹³/ /ly¹³/
	Lanzhou	/lu¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ly²¹³/
	Wuhan	/nəu²¹³/
	Chengdu	/nu³¹/
	Guiyang	/nu²¹/
	Kunming	/lu³¹/
	Nanjing	/luʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/luəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/luəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/luʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/luəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/loʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/loʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/loʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/lo²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/lu²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/liu¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/ləu²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/nəɯ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/liuʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/liuk̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/liuk̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/lok̚²/
	Nanning	/luk̚²²/
	Hongkong	/luk̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/liɔk̚⁵/ /lik̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/luoʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/ly⁴²/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/lek̚⁵/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/lok̚⁵/ /liak̚³/

Middle Chinese: ljowk

Rime
Character	綠
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	燭 (8)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Öffnen Sie
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力玉切
Baxter	ljowk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨok̚/
Pan Wuyun	/liok̚/
Shao Rongfen	/liok̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/luawk̚/
Li Rong	/liok̚/
Wang Li	/lĭwok̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯wok̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	luk⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pə.rok/

(Zhengzhang): /*roɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	綠
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lǜ
Middle Chinese	‹ ljowk ›
Old Chinese	/*pə.rok/
Englisch	light blue or green
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	綠
Reading #	1/1
No.	8554
Phonetic component	录
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	録
Old Chinese	/*roɡ/

Definitions

綠

green
綠色／绿色 ― lǜsè ― green (color)
to become green
(literary, only of hair) black and glossy (especially in a youthful-looking way)
綠鬢／绿鬓 ― lǜbìn ― black hair
healthy; environmentally friendly; green
綠建築／绿建筑 ― lǜ jiànzhù ― green building

綠住宅／绿住宅 ― lǜ zhùzhái ― green home
green leaves
green field
Original form of 籙.
Alternative form of 菉 (lù, “name of a plant”)
(symbolic) Islam(ic); Muslim
綠教／绿教 ― lǜjiào ― (slang) Islam
(politics) related to the pro-independence pan-Green coalition of Taiwan
綠營／绿营 ― lǜyíng ― Pro-Taiwan Independence camp
(slang) to cuckold
Synonym: 戴綠帽子／戴绿帽子 (dài lǜmàozi)
a surname

Compounds

二綠／二绿
品綠／品绿
嫩綠／嫩绿 (nènlǜ)
官綠／官绿
小綠人／小绿人 (xiǎolǜrén)
慘綠／惨绿
新綠／新绿 (xīnlǜ)
油綠／油绿
石綠／石绿
碧綠／碧绿 (bìlǜ)
綠人／绿人
綠內障／绿内障 (lǜnèizhàng)
綠共／绿共 (Lǜgòng)
綠化／绿化 (lǜhuà)
綠卡／绿卡 (lǜkǎ)
綠圖／绿图
綠地／绿地 (lǜdì)
綠寶石／绿宝石 (lǜbǎoshí)
綠島／绿岛 (Lǜdǎo)
綠帶／绿带
綠帽／绿帽 (lǜmào)
綠帽子／绿帽子 (lǜmàozi)
綠幘／绿帻
綠意／绿意 (lǜyì)
綠林／绿林
綠柱石／绿柱石 (lǜzhùshí)
綠水／绿水 (lǜshuǐ)
綠油油／绿油油 (lǜyóuyóu)
綠泥石／绿泥石
綠洲／绿洲 (lǜzhōu)
綠燈／绿灯 (lǜdēng)
綠營／绿营
綠珠／绿珠
綠琴／绿琴
綠瑩瑩／绿莹莹
綠生生／绿生生
綠礬／绿矾
綠窗／绿窗
綠竹／绿竹
綠籬／绿篱
緋綠／绯绿
綠綺／绿绮 (Lǜqǐ)
綠線／绿线
綠耳／绿耳
綠肥／绿肥 (lǜféi)
綠肥作物／绿肥作物
綠腰／绿腰 (Lǜyāo)
綠色／绿色 (lǜsè)
綠色植物／绿色植物 (lǜsè zhíwù)
綠色食品／绿色食品 (lǜsè shípǐn)
綠茵／绿茵 (lǜyīn)
綠茶／绿茶 (lǜchá)
綠茸茸／绿茸茸
綠葉／绿叶 (lǜyè)
綠蔭／绿荫
綠蔥蔥／绿葱葱
綠蕪／绿芜
綠藻／绿藻
綠螘／绿𰲹
綠蟻／绿蚁
綠蠟／绿蜡
綠衣／绿衣 (lǜyī)
綠衣使者／绿衣使者 (lǜyī shǐzhě)
綠豆／绿豆 (lǜdòu)
綠豆湯／绿豆汤 (lǜdòutāng)
綠豆粥／绿豆粥
綠豆糕／绿豆糕 (lǜdòugāo)
綠豆蠅／绿豆蝇
綠野／绿野
綠錢／绿钱
綠陰／绿阴 (lǜyīn)
綠雲／绿云
綠頭巾／绿头巾 (lǜtóujīn)
綠頭鴨／绿头鸭 (lǜtóuyā)
綠髮／绿发
綠鬢／绿鬓 (lǜbìn)
綠黨／绿党 (lǜdǎng)
翠綠／翠绿 (cuìlǜ)
草綠／草绿 (cǎolǜ)
蔥綠／葱绿
藍皮綠骨／蓝皮绿骨 (lánpílǜgǔ)
蛾綠／蛾绿 (élǜ)
豆綠／豆绿 (dòulǜ)
采綠
釉綠／釉绿
銅綠／铜绿 (tónglǜ)
鴨綠／鸭绿 (Yālù, “Yalu”)
墨綠／墨绿 (mòlǜ)

Japanese

Shinjitai	緑
Kyūjitai	綠

Kanji

綠

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 緑)

Kyūjitai form of 緑: the color green

Readings

Go-on: ろく (roku)
Kan-on: りょく (ryoku)
Kun: みどり (midori, 綠)
Nanori: つか (tsuka); つな (tsuna); のり (nori)

Etymology

For names, this 旧字体 (kyūjitai, literally “old form”) of the kanji may still be used. For all other uses, see the 緑 entry.

Proper noun

綠(みどり) • (Midori)

a female given name.

Korean

Hanja

綠 (eumhun 푸를 록 (pureul rok), word-initial (South Korea) 푸를 녹 (pureul nok))

hanja form^? of 록/녹 (“blue, green”)

Compounds

녹청 (綠靑, nokcheong)

Vietnamese