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===Etymology===
===Etymology===
{{inh+|hi|pra-sau|𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸}}, from {{inh|hi|sa|आत्मन्|tr=ātmán||soul, spirit; self}}, from {{inh|hi|inc-pro|*HáHtmā}}, from {{inh|hi|iir-pro|*HáHtmā}}, from {{inh|hi|ine-pro||*h₁éh₁t-mō ~ *h₁h₁t-m̥nés|t=breath, spirit}}, from {{suf|ine-pro|*h₁eh₁t-|t1=to breathe|*mō|nocat=1}}. Cognate with {{cog|gu|આપું}}, {{cog|ne|आंत}}, {{cog|mr|आपण}}, {{cog|bn|আপনি}}, {{cog|si|අපි}}. Compare {{cog|bsh|amú|t=self}}, {{cog|dv|އަހަރެން}}.
From {{der|hi|sa|आत्मन्||self}}. The use as a second-person polite personal pronoun probably developed from its use deferentially (in the same way as "Your Honor").


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|/aːp/|lang=hi}}
* {{hi-IPA}}


===Pronoun===
===Pronoun===
{{hi-pron|ur=آپ}}
{{hi-pronoun|ur=آپ}}


# [[you]] {{q|formal, polite and grammatically plural}}
# [[ye]], [[you]] {{q|formal, polite and grammatically plural}}
#: {{uxa|hi|[[क्या]] '''आपको''' [[मेरी]] [[मदद]] [[की]] [[ज़रूरत]] [[है]]?|Do '''you''' need my help?}}
#: {{hi-x|'''आपका''' दिन कैसा था पिताजी?|How was '''your''' day, father?}}
#: {{uxa|hi|'''आपका''' [[दिन]] [[कैसा]] [[था]] [[पिता]][[जी]]?|How was '''your''' day, father?}}
# [[your Honor]], your worship {{q|reverential usage}}
# {{lb|hi|in some phrases|now|_|obsolete}} [[self]]
# {{lb|hi|in some phrases|now|_|obsolete}} [[self]]
#: {{hi-x|[[अपने आप]]|oneself}}
#: {{uxa|hi|[[अपने आप]]|oneself}}
#: {{hi-x|[[अपना]]|one's own}}
#: {{uxa|hi|[[अपना]]|one's own}}

⚫
====Declension====
⚫
{{hi-decl-pronoun|आप|āp|आप|āp|आपने|āpne|आपका|āpkā|आपको|āpko}}


====Usage notes====
====Usage notes====
* {{m|hi||आप}} is the most formal way of expressing "you" in Hindi and is used when addressing elders or those higher in social status. Because less formal forms could offend others, {{m|hi||आप}} is the safest way to express "you" unless there is reason to be less formal.
* {{m|hi||आप}} is the most formal way of expressing "you" in Hindi and is used when addressing elders or those higher in social status. Because less formal forms could offend others, {{m|hi||आप}} is the safest way to express "you" unless there is reason to be less formal.
* Because {{m|hi||आप}} is grammatically plural (adjectives and verbs etc affected by it take their plural forms) even when there is only one person being referred to, the term {{m|hi||आप [[लोग]]}} (literally: you people) can be used to specify that more than one person is being referred to because of [[w:T-V distinction|T-V distinction]].
* Because {{m|hi||आप}} is grammatically plural (adjectives and verbs etc affected by it take their plural forms) even when there is only one person being referred to, the term {{m|hi||आप [[लोग]]}} (literally: you people) can be used to specify that more than one person is being referred to because of [[w:T-V distinction|T-V distinction]].

⚫
====Declension====
⚫
{{hi-decl-pronoun|आप|āp|आप|āp|आपने|āpne|आपका|āpkā}}


====See also====
====See also====
Line 30: Line 30:
===See also===
===See also===
* {{l|hi|तुम}} (mid level formality, grammatically plural)
* {{l|hi|तुम}} (mid level formality, grammatically plural)
* {{l|hi|तू}} (complete lack of human formality, grammatically singular)
* {{l|hi|तू}} (complete lack of formality, grammatically singular)


===References===
===References===
* {{R:Ox HI-EN}}
* {{cite-web|title=A Dictionary of Urdu, Classical Hindi, and English|author=John T. Platts|accessdate=07-31-2012|url=http://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.0:1:311.platts}}
* {{R:UR-HI-EN}}


==Old Marathi==
----

===Etymology===
From {{inh|omr|sa|अप्|आपः}}.

===Noun===
{{head|omr|noun|g=m|Modi|𑘁𑘢}}

# [[water]]

===References===
* {{R:omr:Tulpule}}


==Pali==
==Pali==


===Alternative forms===
===Alternative forms===
{{pi-alt|Latn=āpa}}
{{pi-alt|Latn=āpa|Deva=आप|Sinh=ආප|Mymr=အာပ|Khmr=អាប|Thai=อาป}}


===Noun===
===Noun===
{{pi-noun}}
{{pi-noun|n}}


# [[water]]
# {{pi-sc|t=water}}

====Declension====
<!-- {{pi-alt|Latn=āpo}} Transl. aid -->
{{pi-decl-noun|g=n
|noms=आपो|vocs=आपो|accs=आपो
}}

Latest revision as of 06:27, 9 June 2024

Hindi

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Etymology

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Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀅𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀸 (appā), from Sanskrit आत्मन् (ātmán, “soul, spirit; self”), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *HáHtmā, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáHtmā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éh₁t-mō ~ *h₁h₁t-m̥nés (“breath, spirit”), from *h₁eh₁t- (“to breathe”) +‎ *-mō. Cognate with Gujarati આપું (āpũ), Nepali आंत (ānta), Marathi आपण (āpaṇ), Bengali আপনি (apni), Sinhalese අපි (api). Compare Kamkata-viri amú (“self”), Dhivehi އަހަރެން (aharen̊).

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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आप • (āp) (Urdu spelling آپ)

  1. ye, you (formal, polite and grammatically plural)
    क्या आपको मेरी मदद की ज़रूरत है?
    kyā āpko merī madad kī zarūrat hai?
    Do you need my help?
    आपका दिन कैसा था पिताजी?
    āpkā din kaisā thā pitājī?
    How was your day, father?
  2. (in some phrases, now obsolete) self
    अपने आप ― apne āp ― oneself
    अपना ― apnā ― one's own

Usage notes

[edit]
  • आप (āp) is the most formal way of expressing "you" in Hindi and is used when addressing elders or those higher in social status. Because less formal forms could offend others, आप (āp) is the safest way to express "you" unless there is reason to be less formal.
  • Because आप (āp) is grammatically plural (adjectives and verbs etc affected by it take their plural forms) even when there is only one person being referred to, the term आप लोग (āp log) (literally: you people) can be used to specify that more than one person is being referred to because of T-V distinction.

Declension

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Pronoun declension of आप
direct आप
āp
indirect आप
āp
ergative आपने
āpne
genitive आपका
āpkā
dative आपको
āpko
instrumental/ablative आपसे
āpse
inessive आपमें
āpmẽ
adessive आपपे, आपपर
āppe, āppar
terminative आपतक
āptak
semblative आपसा
āpsā

See also

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See also

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  • तुम (tum) (mid level formality, grammatically plural)
  • तू (tū) (complete lack of formality, grammatically singular)

References

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Old Marathi

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Etymology

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From Sanskrit आपः (āpaḥ).

Noun

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आप (āpa) m (Modi 𑘁𑘢)

  1. water

References

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  • Tulpule, Shankar Gopal; Feldhaus, Anne, “[1]”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan, 1999.

Pali

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Alternative forms

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Alternative scripts

Noun

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आप n

  1. Devanagari script form of āpa (“water”)

Declension

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Declension table of "आप" (neuter)
Case \ NumberSingularPlural
Nominative (first)आपं (āpaṃ) or आपो (āpo)आपानि (āpāni)
Accusative (second)आपं (āpaṃ) or आपो (āpo)आपानि (āpāni)
Instrumental (third)आपेन (āpena)आपेहि (āpehi) or आपेभि (āpebhi)
Dative (fourth)आपस्स (āpassa) or आपाय (āpāya) or आपत्थं (āpatthaṃ)आपानं (āpānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)आपस्मा (āpasmā) or आपम्हा (āpamhā) or आपा (āpā)आपेहि (āpehi) or आपेभि (āpebhi)
Genitive (sixth)आपस्स (āpassa)आपानं (āpānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)आपस्मिं (āpasmiṃ) or आपम्हि (āpamhi) or आपे (āpe)आपेसु (āpesu)
Vocative (calling)आप (āpa) or आपो (āpo)आपानि (āpāni)
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