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===Etymology===
===Etymology===
From {{inh|grc|grk-pro|*kətá}}, perhaps from {{der|grc|ine-pro|*ḱm̥-teh₂}}, from {{m|ine-pro|*ḱóm}}.<ref>{{R:ine:IEW|vol=II|page=612}}</ref>
From {{inh|grc|grk-pro|*kətá}}, perhaps from {{der|grc|ine-pro|*ḱm̥-teh₂}}, from {{m|ine-pro|*ḱóm|t=beside, with}}.<ref>{{R:ine:IEW|page=612}}</ref> Cognate with {{cog|hit|𒅗𒀜𒋫|tr=katta||down from, at, with, under}},<ref>{{R:grc:Beekes|head=κάτα|page=656}}</ref> {{cog|txb|kätk-||to lower}} and perhaps {{cog|owl|cant}}, Modern {{cog|cy|gan||with}}. The genitive is from the PIE ablative of separation. The accusative is from the pre-PIE directional and the PIE direct object.

Cognate with {{cog|hit|𒅗𒀜𒋫|tr=katta||down from, at, with, under}}, {{cog|txb|kätk-||to lower}} and perhaps {{cog|owl|cant}}, Modern {{cog|cy|gan||with}}.

The genitive is from the PIE ablative of separation. The accusative is from the pre-PIE directional and the PIE direct object.


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
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{{grc-preposition|head=κᾰτᾰ́|gen|acc}}
{{grc-preposition|head=κᾰτᾰ́|gen|acc}}


# {{case-gov|grc|genitive}}
# {{+obj|grc|gen}}
## [[against]], opposing
## [[against]], opposing
## [[into]]
## [[into]]
## [[against]]
## [[against]]
# {{case-gov|grc|accusative}}
# {{+obj|grc|acc}}
## [[downwards]]
## [[downwards]]
## [[along]], [[through]], [[in]]
## [[along]], [[through]], [[in]]
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* {{desc|la|cata}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|la|cata}} {{see desc}}
* {{desc|en|cata-}}
* {{desc|en|cata-}}

===References===
⚫
<references />


===Further reading===
===Further reading===
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* {{R:Woodhouse}}
* {{R:Woodhouse}}
* {{R:grc:Beekes}}
* {{R:grc:Beekes}}
⚫
<references/>


==Greek==
==Greek==
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====Synonyms====
====Synonyms====
* {{sense|versus}} {{l|el|εναντίον}}
* {{sense|versus}} {{l|el|εναντίον}}
* {{sense|according}} {{l|el|[[σύμφωνα]] [[με]]}}
* {{sense|according}} {{l|el|[[σύμφωνα]]}}


====Derived terms====
====Derived terms====
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|{{l|el|κατά διαβόλου σύμπτωση|t=by diabolical coincidence}} {{q|less frequent}}
|{{l|el|κατά διαβόλου σύμπτωση|t=by diabolical coincidence}} {{q|less frequent}}
|{{l|el|κατά διαόλου σύμπτωση|t=by diabolical coincidence}} {{q|less frequent}}
|{{l|el|κατά διαόλου σύμπτωση|t=by diabolical coincidence}} {{q|less frequent}}
|κατά καιρούς<t:at times>
|{{l|el|κατά κόσμον|t=name of a clergyman before confirmation}} <!-- uxii: Ο '''Μητροπολίτης Νέας Ιωνίας και Φιλαδελφείας Τιμόθεος''' (κατά κόσμον Σταύρος Ματθαιάκης) του Εμμανουήλ. -->
|{{l|el|κατά κόσμον|t=name of a clergyman before confirmation}} <!-- uxii: Ο '''Μητροπολίτης Νέας Ιωνίας και Φιλαδελφείας Τιμόθεος''' (κατά κόσμον Σταύρος Ματθαιάκης) του Εμμανουήλ. -->
|{{l|el|κατά μέτωπον|t=head-on, in full force}}
|{{l|el|κατά μέτωπον|t=head-on, in full force}}

Latest revision as of 13:28, 12 July 2024

See also: κατα-, κατά-, and κᾷτα

Ancient Greek

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Hellenic *kətá, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥-teh₂, from *ḱóm (“beside, with”).[1] Cognate with Hittite 𒅗𒀜𒋫 (katta, “down from, at, with, under”),[2] Tocharian B kätk- (“to lower”) and perhaps Old Welsh cant, Modern Welsh gan (“with”). The genitive is from the PIE ablative of separation. The accusative is from the pre-PIE directional and the PIE direct object.

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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κᾰτᾰ́ • (katá) (governs the genitive and accusative)

  1. [with genitive]
    1. against, opposing
    2. into
    3. against
  2. [with accusative]
    1. downwards
    2. along, through, in
    3. towards
    4. during
    5. for, for the purpose of
    6. according to, in conformity with

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Greek: κατά (katá)
  • Latin: cata (see there for further descendants)
  • English: cata-

References

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  1. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 612
  2. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κάτα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 656

Further reading

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Greek

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From the Ancient Greek κᾰτά (katá).

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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κατά • (katá)

  1. (with genitive) versus, against
    Antonym: υπέρ (ypér)
    Έγινε έγκλημα κατά της Ελλάδας! ― Égine égklima katá tis Elládas! ― Crimes were committed against Greece!
  2. (with accusative) towards
    Το δωμάτιο βλέπει κατά την ανατολή. ― To domátio vlépei katá tin anatolí. ― The room faces towards the east
  3. (with accusative) during
    κατά τη διάρκεια του ταξιδιού ― katá ti diárkeia tou taxidioú ― during the trip (literally, “toward the duration of the trip”)
  4. (with accusative) around, about, close to
    Θα έρθω κατά τις έξι το απόγευμα. ― Tha értho katá tis éxi to apógevma. ― I will come at about six in the evening.
  5. (with accusative) according
    κατά τον Γιώργο ... ― katá ton Giórgo ... ― according to George ...

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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