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m Low German: correct indentation of section 4 (Usage notes) to 4; Middle Dutch: correct misformatted language section divider at end; Middle English: correct whitespace of section 0, section 1 (Alternative forms), section 3 (Pronunciation) and section 6 (Descendants)
Tag: new-L2
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===Etymology===
===Etymology===
From a merger of two distinct verbs:
From a merger of two distinct verbs:
* {{inh|nl|dum|haen}}, from {{inh|nl|odt|hān}}, from {{inh|nl|gem-pro|*hanhaną}} (transitive, strong class 7).
* {{inh|nl|dum|haen}}, from {{inh|nl|odt|hān}}, from {{inh|nl|gmw-pro|*hą̄han}}, from {{inh|nl|gem-pro|*hanhaną}} (transitive, strong class 7).
* {{inh|nl|dum|hangen}}, from {{inh|nl|odt|hangon}}, from {{inh|nl|gem-pro|*hangāną}} (intransitive, weak class 3).
* {{inh|nl|dum|hangen}}, from {{inh|nl|odt|hangon}}, from {{inh|nl|gmw-pro|*hangēn}}, from {{inh|nl|gem-pro|*hangāną}} (intransitive, weak class 3).


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|nl|/ˈɦɑŋə(n)/}}
* {{IPA|nl|/ˈɦɑŋə(n)/}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-hangen.ogg|Audio}}
* {{audio|nl|Nl-hangen.ogg}}
* {{hyphenation|nl|han|gen}}
* {{hyphenation|nl|han|gen}}
* {{rhymes|nl|ɑŋən|s=2}}
* {{rhymes|nl|ɑŋən|s=2}}
Line 25: Line 25:


====Derived terms====
====Derived terms====
⚫
{{col-auto|nl|hanger
{{top4}}
⚫
|aaneenhangen
⚫
* {{l|nl|hanger}}
⚫
|aanhangen
⚫
* {{l|nl|aaneenhangen}}
⚫
|afhangen
⚫
* {{l|nl|aanhangen}}
⚫
|behangen
⚫
* {{l|nl|afhangen}}
⚫
|bijhangen
⚫
* {{l|nl|behangen}}
⚫
|blijven hangen
⚫
* {{l|nl|bijhangen}}
⚫
|buitenhangen
⚫
* {{l|nl|blijven hangen}}
|de vuile was buiten hangen
⚫
* {{l|nl|buitenhangen}}
* {{l|nl|doorhangen}}
|doorhangen
|hangijzer
* {{l|nl|hangjongere}}
|hangjongere
* {{l|nl|klaarhangen}}
|klaarhangen
* {{l|nl|loshangen}}
|loshangen
* {{l|nl|neerhangen}}
|neerhangen
* {{l|nl|omhangen}}
|omhangen
* {{l|nl|omhooghangen}}
|omhooghangen
* {{l|nl|omlaaghangen}}
|omlaaghangen
* {{l|nl|openhangen}}
|openhangen
* {{l|nl|ophangen}}
|ophangen
* {{l|nl|overhangen}}
|overhangen
* {{l|nl|rondhangen}}
|rondhangen
* {{l|nl|samenhangen}}
|samenhangen
* {{l|nl|uithangen}}
|uithangen
* {{l|nl|verhangen}}
|verhangen
* {{l|nl|volhangen}}
|volhangen
* {{l|nl|voorhangen}}
|voorhangen
* {{l|nl|weghangen}}
|weghangen
{{bottom}}
}}


====Descendants====
====Descendants====
* {{desc|af|hang}}
* {{desc|af|hang}}
* {{desc|brc|hanggi}}
* {{desc|brc|hanggi}}
* {{desc|dcr|[[hang]], [[haṅ]]}}
* {{desc|dcr|hang|haṅ}}
* {{desc|srn|anga|bor=1}}
* {{desc|srn|anga|bor=1}}

----


==Finnish==
==Finnish==
Line 67: Line 66:
{{head|fi|noun form}}
{{head|fi|noun form}}


# {{fi-form of|hanki|case=genitive|pl=singular}}
# {{infl of|fi|hanki||gen|s}}

----


==German==
==German==

===Alternative forms===
* {{l|de|hängen}}


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
From {{inh|de|goh|hangen}}, from {{inh|de|gem-pro|*hangāną}}.
From {{inh|de|gmh|hangen}}, from {{inh|de|goh|hangen}}, from {{inh|de|gmw-pro|*hangēn}}, from {{inh|de|gem-pro|*hangāną}}.


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
Line 87: Line 81:
{{head|de|verb}}
{{head|de|verb}}


# {{lb|de|Switzerland|intransitive}} to [[hang]]
# {{lb|de|archaic|except|Switzerland|or|South Germany|intransitive|transitive}} {{alt form of|de|hängen|t=to [[hang]]}}
#* {{quote-book|de|year=1843|author=[[:w:Brothers Grimm|Brothers Grimm]]|title=Kinder- und Haus-Märchen, Band 2|edition=5th|chapter=Die Gänsemagd|url=https://de.m.wikisource.org/wiki/Die_G%C3%A4nsemagd_(1843)#Seite_15|page=18|text=„o du Falada, da du '''hangest''',“ <br> da antwortete der Kopf <br> „o du Jungfer Königin, da du gangest, <br> wenn das deine Mutter wüßte, <br> ihr Herz thät ihr zerspringen.“|t="Falada, Falada, there thou art '''hanging'''!" <br> and the head answered, <br> "Bride, bride, there thou art ganging! <br> Alas! alas! if thy mother knew it, <br>Sadly, sadly her heart would rue it."}}
# {{lb|de|Switzerland|transitive}} to [[hang]]
#* {{quote-book|de|title=Hohe Sommertage|author=w:Gustav Falke|year=1902|chapter=Die Schnitterin|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/12268/pg12268.html|passage=War einst ein Knecht, einer Witwe Sohn, —<br/>Der hatte sich schwer vergangen.<br/>Da sprach sein Herr: Du bekommst deinen Lohn,<br/>Morgen musst du '''hangen'''.}}

====Derived terms====
* {{l|de|Hangen und Bangen|t=fear and trembling}}


===Further reading===
===Further reading===
* {{R:DWDS}}
* {{R:UniLeipzig}}
* {{R:Duden}}
* {{R:Duden}}
* {{R:OpenThesaurus}}

----


==Low German==
==Low German==


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
{{dercat|nds|gmw-pro|gem-pro|inh=2}}
From {{inh|nds|osx|hāhan}}, from {{inh|nds|gem-pro|*hanhaną}}. See also {{m|nds|hängen}}.
From {{inh|nds|osx|hāhan}}. See also {{m|nds|hängen}}.


===Verb===
===Verb===
{{head|nds|verb|third-person singular simple present|hangt|past tense|hung|past participle|hungen|or|hangen|auxiliary verb|hebben}}
{{head|nds|verb|third-person singular simple present|hangt|past tense|hung|past participle|hungen|or|hangen|auxiliary verb|hebben}}

# {{lb|nds|intransitive}} to [[hang]]; to be [[suspend]]ed
# {{lb|nds|intransitive}} to [[hang]]; to be [[suspend]]ed
#: {{ux|de|An wat '''hangen'''.|To '''hang''' from something.}}
#: {{ux|nds|An wat '''hangen'''.|To '''hang''' from something.}}
# {{lb|nds|intransitive}} to [[stick]]; to [[cling]]
# {{lb|nds|intransitive}} to [[stick]]; to [[cling]]
# {{lb|nds|intransitive|figuratively|with an}} to [[be fond of]], to [[feel]] strongly about
# {{lb|nds|intransitive|figuratively|with an}} to [[be fond of]], to [[feel]] strongly about
Line 109: Line 110:
# {{lb|nds|transitive}} to [[hang]] (something); to [[suspend]] ({{m|nds|hängen}} is usually preferred in this sense)
# {{lb|nds|transitive}} to [[hang]] (something); to [[suspend]] ({{m|nds|hängen}} is usually preferred in this sense)
# {{lb|nds|transitive}} to [[hang]] (someone), e.g. for a crime ({{m|nds|hängen}} is usually preferred in this sense)
# {{lb|nds|transitive}} to [[hang]] (someone), e.g. for a crime ({{m|nds|hängen}} is usually preferred in this sense)

⚫
====Conjugation====
⚫
{{nds-conj-st|class=7|hang|hang|hung|hung|hungen/hang}}


====Usage notes====
====Usage notes====
Line 118: Line 116:
The weak past participle ''hangt'' is sometimes found instead of the more common forms ''hungen'' and ''hangen''.
The weak past participle ''hangt'' is sometimes found instead of the more common forms ''hungen'' and ''hangen''.


⚫
====Conjugation====
----
⚫
{{nds-conj-st|class=7|hang|hang|hung|hung|hungen/hang}}


==Middle Dutch==
==Middle Dutch==


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
{{dercat|dum|gem-pro|inh=1}}
From a merger of two distinct verbs:
From a merger of two distinct verbs:
* Earlier {{m|dum|hâen}}, from {{inh|dum|odt|hān}}, from {{inh|dum|gem-pro|*hanhaną}} (transitive, strong class 7).
* Earlier {{m|dum|hâen}}, from {{inh|dum|odt|hān}}, from {{inh|dum|gmw-pro|*hą̄han}} (transitive, strong class 7).
* From {{inh|dum|odt|hangon}}, from {{inh|dum|gem-pro|*hangāną}} (intransitive, weak class 3).
* From {{inh|dum|odt|hangon}}, from {{inh|dum|gmw-pro|*hangēn}} (intransitive, weak class 3).


===Verb===
===Verb===
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* {{R:MNW|15624}}
* {{R:MNW|15624}}
* {{R:MNW|15272|haen}}
* {{R:MNW|15272|haen}}

----


==Middle English==
==Middle English==
Line 167: Line 165:
===Verb===
===Verb===
{{head|enm|verb}}
{{head|enm|verb}}

# to [[hang]]
# to [[hang]]


Line 175: Line 173:
====Descendants====
====Descendants====
* {{desc|en|hang}}
* {{desc|en|hang}}
* {{desc|yol|ung|q=past}}
* {{desc|yol|ung|qq=preterite}}


====References====
====References====
* {{R:MED Online|entry=hō̆ngen|pos=v|id=MED21130}}
* {{R:MED Online|entry=hō̆ngen|pos=v|id=MED21130}}


==Old English==
----

===Verb===
{{head|ang|verb form}}

# {{past participle of|ang|hōn}}


==Old High German==
==Old High German==


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
From {{inh|goh|gem-pro|*hangāną}}.
{{dercat|goh|gem-pro|inh=1}}
From {{inh|goh|gmw-pro|*hangēn}}.


===Verb===
===Verb===
Line 201: Line 205:
** {{desc|de-CH|hangen}}
** {{desc|de-CH|hangen}}
** {{desc|cim|hangan|unc=1}}
** {{desc|cim|hangan|unc=1}}

----


==Welsh==
==Welsh==


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{a|cy-N|standard|colloquial}} {{IPA|cy|/ˈhaŋɛn/}}
* {{IPA|cy|/ˈhaŋɛn/|a=cy-N,standard,colloquial}}
** {{a|cy-N|colloquial}} {{IPA|cy|/ˈhaŋan/}}
** {{IPA|cy|/ˈhaŋan/|a=cy-N,colloquial}}
* {{a|cy-S}} {{IPA|cy|/ˈhaŋɛn/}}
* {{IPA|cy|/ˈhaŋɛn/|a=cy-S}}


===Noun===
===Noun===
{{head|cy|mutated noun|sort=hag~en}}
{{head|cy|mutated noun}}


# {{h-prothesis of|cy|angen|sort=hag~en}}
# {{h-prothesis of|cy|angen}}


===Mutation===
===Mutation===

Revision as of 05:40, 23 August 2024

See also: hängen and Hängen

Dutch

Etymology

From a merger of two distinct verbs:

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɦɑŋə(n)/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: han‧gen
  • Rhymes: -ɑŋən

Verb

hangen

  1. (intransitive) to hang
    Het schilderij hangt aan de muur.
    The painting hangs on the wall.
  2. (transitive) to hang
    Hij hangt het schilderij aan de muur.
    He hangs the painting on the wall.

Inflection

Conjugation of hangen (strong class 7)
infinitive hangen
past singular hing
past participle gehangen
infinitive hangen
gerund hangen n
present tense past tense
1st person singular hang hing
2nd person sing. (jij) hangt, hang2 hing
2nd person sing. (u) hangt hing
2nd person sing. (gij) hangt hingt
3rd person singular hangt hing
plural hangen hingen
subjunctive sing.1 hange hinge
subjunctive plur.1 hangen hingen
imperative sing. hang
imperative plur.1 hangt
participles hangend gehangen
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion.

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Afrikaans: hang
  • Berbice Creole Dutch: hanggi
  • Negerhollands: hang, haṅ
  • → Sranan Tongo: anga

Finnish

Nomen

hangen

  1. genitive singular of hanki

German

Etymology

From Middle High German hangen, from Old High German hangen, from Proto-West Germanic *hangēn, from Proto-Germanic *hangāną.

Pronunciation

Verb

hangen

  1. (archaic except Switzerland or Southern Germany, intransitive, transitive) Alternative form of hängen (“to hang”)
    • 1843, Brothers Grimm, “Die Gänsemagd”, in Kinder- und Haus-Märchen, Band 2‎[1], 5th edition, page 18:
      „o du Falada, da du hangest,“
      da antwortete der Kopf
      „o du Jungfer Königin, da du gangest,
      wenn das deine Mutter wüßte,
      ihr Herz thät ihr zerspringen.“
      "Falada, Falada, there thou art hanging!"
      and the head answered,
      "Bride, bride, there thou art ganging!
      Alas! alas! if thy mother knew it,
      Sadly, sadly her heart would rue it."
    • 1902, Gustav Falke, “Die Schnitterin”, in Hohe Sommertage‎[2]:
      War einst ein Knecht, einer Witwe Sohn, —
      Der hatte sich schwer vergangen.
      Da sprach sein Herr: Du bekommst deinen Lohn,
      Morgen musst du hangen.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Derived terms

Further reading

  • “hangen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
  • “hangen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
  • “hangen” in Duden online
  • “hangen” in OpenThesaurus.de

Low German

Etymology

From Old Saxon hāhan. See also hängen.

Verb

hangen (third-person singular simple present hangt, past tense hung, past participle hungen or hangen, auxiliary verb hebben)

  1. (intransitive) to hang; to be suspended
    An wat hangen.
    To hang from something.
  2. (intransitive) to stick; to cling
  3. (intransitive, figuratively, with an) to be fond of, to feel strongly about
    Bochum ik hang an di.
    Bochum, I'm fond of you.
    # (transitive) to hang
  4. (transitive) to hang (something); to suspend (hängen is usually preferred in this sense)
  5. (transitive) to hang (someone), e.g. for a crime (hängen is usually preferred in this sense)

Usage notes

Hangen has a doublet with nearly the same meaning and usage, hängen. However, hangen is usually preferred in its intransitive meaning, while hängen is more commonly used as a transitive verb.

The weak past participle hangt is sometimes found instead of the more common forms hungen and hangen.

Conjugation

Conjugation of hangen (class 7 strong verb)
infinitive hangen
indicative present preterite
1st person singular hang hung
2nd person singular hangs(t) hungs(t)
3rd person singular hang(t) hung
plural hangt, hangen hungen
imperative present —
singular hang
plural hangt
participle present past
hangen (e)hungen/hangen, gehungen/hangen
Note: This conjugation is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects.

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From a merger of two distinct verbs:

Verb

hangen

  1. to hang (up)
  2. to hang, to be hanging
  3. to hang (on gallows)
  4. to be hanged (on gallows)

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Alternative forms

Descendants

Further reading

Middle English

Alternative forms

Etymology

Originally two distinct verbs:

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈhanɡən/, /ˈhaːnɡən/, /ˈhɔnɡən/, /ˈhɔːnɡən/

Verb

hangen

  1. to hang

Conjugation

Conjugation of hangen (strong class 7 or weak in -ed)
infinitive (to) hangen, hange
present tense past tense
1st-person singular hange heng, hanged
2nd-person singular hangest henge, heng, hangedest
3rd-person singular hangeth heng, hanged
subjunctive singular hange henge1, hanged1
imperative singular —
plural2 hangen, hange hengen, henge, hangeden, hangede
imperative plural hangeth, hange —
participles hangynge, hangende hangen, hange, hanged, yhanged

1Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
2Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

Descendants

  • English: hang
  • Yola: ung (preterite)

References

Old English

Verb

hangen

  1. past participle of hōn

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *hangēn.

Verb

hangēn

  1. (intransitive) to hang
  2. (transitive) to hang

Conjugation

Conjugation of hangēn (weak class 3)
infinitive hangēn
indicative present past
1st person singular hangēm, hangēn hangēta
2nd person singular hangēs, hangēst hangētōs, hangētōst
3rd person singular hangēt hangēta
1st person plural hangēm, hangēmēs hangētum, hangētumēs
2nd person plural hangēt hangētut
3rd person plural hangēnt hangētun
subjunctive present past
1st person singular hange hangēti
2nd person singular hangēs, hangēst hangētīs, hangētīst
3rd person singular hange hangēti
1st person plural hangēm, hangēmēs hangētīm, hangētīmēs
2nd person plural hangēt hangētīt
3rd person plural hangēn hangētīn
imperative present
singular hange
plural hangēt
participle present past
hangēnti gihangēt

Descendants

Welsh

Pronunciation

Nomen

hangen

  1. h-prothesized form of angen

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical soft nasal h-prothesis
angen unchanged unchanged hangen
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.
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