run

See also: rún, rùn, rûn, and rün

English

Etymology

From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle English (deprecated template usage) ronnen, alteration (due to the past participle (deprecated template usage) yronne) of (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle English (deprecated template usage) rinnen, from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old English (deprecated template usage) rinnan, (deprecated template usage) iernan and (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Old Norse (deprecated template usage) rinna, both from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Germanic Template:term/t (compare also Template:term/t), from (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Indo-European Template:term/t. Cognate with (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Scots (deprecated template usage) rin, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] West Frisian (deprecated template usage) rinne, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Dutch (deprecated template usage) rennen, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] German (deprecated template usage) rennen, Danish (deprecated template usage) rinde, Swedish (deprecated template usage) rinna, (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Icelandic (deprecated template usage) renna. Cognate with Albanian (deprecated template usage) rend. See random.

Pronunciation

• , Template:deseret

a runner running (sense 1)

diagram of stairs, showing the run

Stockings with a run (line of stitches that has come undone) in them

Noun

run (plural runs)

1. Act or instance of running, of moving rapidly using the feet.

   I just got back from my morning run.

   • Template:quote-news
2. Act or instance of hurrying (to or from a place) (not necessarily by foot); dash or errand, trip.
   • 1759, N. Tindal, The Continuation of Mr Rapin's History of England, volume 21 (continuation volume 9), page 92:

     […] and on the 18th of January this squadron put to sea. The first place of rendezvous was the boy of port St. Julian, upon the coast of Patagonia, and all accidents were provided against with admirable foresight. Their run to port St. Julian was dangerous […]

   I need to make a run to the store.

3. A pleasure trip.

   Let's go for a run in the car.

   • Charles Dickens, Martin Chuzzlewit

     And I think of giving her a run in London for a change.

4. Flight, instance or period of fleeing.
   • 2006, Tsirk Susej, The Demonic Bible (ISBN 1411690737), page 41:

     During his run from the police, he claimed to have a metaphysical experience which can only be described as “having passed through an abyss.”

5. Migration (of fish).
6. A group of fish that migrate, or ascend a river for the purpose of spawning.
7. (deprecated template usage) (skiing, bobsledding) A single trip down a hill, as in skiing and bobsledding.
8. A (regular) trip or route.

   The bus on the Cherry Street run is always crowded.

9. The route taken while running or skiing.

   Which run did you do today?

10. The distance sailed by a ship.

    a good run; a run of fifty miles

    • 1977, Star Wars (film)

      You've never heard of the Millennium Falcon? It's the ship that made the Kessel Run in less than twelve parsecs.

11. A voyage.

    a run to China

12. An enclosure for an animal; a track or path along which something can travel.

    He set up a rabbit run.

13. (deprecated template usage) (Australia, New Zealand) Rural landholding for farming, usually for running sheep, and operated by a runholder.
14. State of being current; currency; popularity.
    • Addison

      It is impossible for detached papers to have a general run, or long continuance, if not diversified with humour.

15. A continuous period (of time) marked by a trend; a period marked by a continuing trend.

    I’m having a run of bad luck.

    He went to Las Vegas and spent all his money over a three-day run.

    • Burke

      They who made their arrangements in the first run of misadventure […] put a seal on their calamities.

    • Template:quote-news
    1. A series of tries in a game that were successful.
    2. A sequence of cards in a suit in a card game.
16. (deprecated template usage) (music) A rapid passage in music, especially along a scale.
17. A trial of an experiment.

    The data got lost, so I'll have to perform another run of the experiment.

18. A flow of liquid; a leak.

    The constant run of water from the faucet annoys me.

    a run of must in wine-making

    the first run of sap in a maple orchard

19. (deprecated template usage) (US, dialect) A small creek or part thereof.

    The military campaign near that creek was known as The battle of Bull Run.

20. The amount of something made.

    The book’s initial press run will be 5,000 copies.

21. A production quantity in a factory.

    Yesterday we did a run of 12,000 units.

22. The length of a showing of a play, film, TV series, etc.

    The run of the show lasted two weeks, and we sold out every night.

    It is the last week of our French cinema run.

    • Macaulay

      A canting, mawkish play […] had an immense run.

23. A quick pace, faster than a walk.

    He broke into a run.

    1. (deprecated template usage) (of horses) A fast gallop.
24. A sudden series of demands on a bank or other financial institution, especially characterised by great withdrawals.

    Financial insecurity led to a run on the banks, as customers feared for the security of their savings.

25. Any sudden large demand for something.

    There was a run on Christmas presents.

26. The top of a step on a staircase, also called a tread, as opposed to the rise.
27. The horizontal length of a set of stairs
28. A standard or unexceptional group or category.

    He stood out from the usual run of applicants.

29. (deprecated template usage) (baseball) A score (point scored) by a runner making it around all the bases and over home plate.
30. (deprecated template usage) (cricket) A point scored.
31. (deprecated template usage) (American football) A gain of a (specified) distance; a running play.

    […] one of the greatest runs of all time.

    • 2003, Jack Seibold, Spartan Sports Encyclopedia, page 592:

      Aaron Roberts added an insurance touchdown on a one-yard run.

32. (Can we clean up⁽⁺⁾ this sense?) Unrestricted use of an area.

    He can have the run of the house.

33. A line of knit stitches that have unravelled, particularly in a nylon stocking.

    I have a run in my stocking.

34. (deprecated template usage) (nautical) The stern of the underwater body of a ship from where it begins to curve upward and inward.
35. (deprecated template usage) (construction) Horizontal dimension of a slope.
36. (deprecated template usage) (mining) The horizontal distance to which a drift may be carried, either by licence of the proprietor of a mine or by the nature of the formation; also, the direction which a vein of ore or other substance takes.
37. A pair or set of millstones.
38. (deprecated template usage) (video games) A playthrough.

    This was my first successful run without losing any health.

39. (deprecated template usage) (slang) (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) This term needs a definition. Please help out and add a definition, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    • 1964 : Heroin by The Velvet Underground

      And I'll tell ya, things aren't quite the same / When I'm rushing on my run.

Synonyms

• (horizontal part of a step): tread
• (unravelling): ladder (British)
• (computing): execute, start
• See also Wikisaurus:walk

Antonyms

• (horizontal part of a step): rise, riser
• (horizontal distance of a set of stairs): rise

Derived terms

• take a run at

Translations

the act of running

• Afrikaans: hardloop
• American Sign Language: S@SideChesthigh-S@SideChesthigh CirclesMidline-CirclesMidline
• Armenian: վազք (vazkʻ)
• Breton: redek (br)
• Bulgarian: бягане (bg) n (bya`gane), тичане (bg) (tíčane)
• Catalan: córrer (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 跑步 (zh) (pǎobù)

• Czech: běh (cs) m
• Danish: løb (da) n
• Dutch: loop (nl) m
• French: courir (fr)
• German: Lauf (de) m
• Hebrew: ריצה
• Italian: corsa (it)
• Japanese: 走る (ja) (hashiru)
• Kurdish:

  Sorani:

• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Latgalian: skriejīņs
• Latvian: skrējiens, skriet (lv)
• Lithuanian: bėgimas m
• Macedonian: трчање n (t'rčanje), трк m (t'rk)
• Malay: larian
• Maori: omanga
• Persian: دو (fa) (dow)
• Polish: bieg (pl) m
• Portuguese: corrida (pt) f
• Romanian: fugă (ro)
• Russian: бег (ru) m (beg)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: трчати

  Roman: trčati

• Sotho: matha (st)
• Spanish: correr (es)
• Turkish: koşu (tr), koşma (tr)
• Vietnamese: chạy (vi)
• Welsh: rhedeg (cy)

the route taken while running

• Bulgarian: път (bg) m (pat)
• Catalan: recorregut (ca) m, ruta (ca) f
• Danish: rute c
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Japanese: ルート (ja) (rūto), 経路 (keiro)
• Romanian: rută (ro)
• Russian: бег (ru) m (beg), путь (ru) f (put’), маршрут (ru) m (maršrút)

flow of liquid

• Bulgarian: течение (bg) (tečénie), поток (bg) (potók)
• Japanese: 流れ (ja) (nagare)
• Latgalian: tekme f, straume
• Latvian: tecējums, straume f
• Lithuanian: srovė f, tėkmė f
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Macedonian: тек m (tek)
• Maori: rere
• Romanian: flux (ro)
• Russian: поток (ru) m (potók), ток (ru) m (tok), течение (ru) n (tečénije)

creek

• Bulgarian: поток (bg) (potók), ручей (bg) m (ručéy)
• Japanese: 小川 (ogawa)
• Lithuanian: upelis (lt) m
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Macedonian: поток m (pótok)
• Norwegian: Løpe
• Romanian: golf (ro)

amount of something made

• Bulgarian: тираж (bg) m (tiráž)
• Japanese: 量 (ja) (ryō)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Macedonian: тираж m (tiráž), траење n (tráenje)
• Romanian: tiraj (ro) (for magazines), duratăj (for shows)

faster than a walk

• Bulgarian: бяг (bg) m (byag)
• Japanese: 早歩き (hayaaruki)
• Macedonian: трк m (t'rk)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Maori: oma
• Romanian: pas (ro)
• Russian: бег (ru) m (beg)

gallop

• Bulgarian: бяг (bg) m (byag)
• Catalan: galopar (ca)
• French: galoper (fr)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Japanese: 襲歩 (shūho) (for horse riding)
• Macedonian: трк m (t'rk)
• Romanian: trap (ro)

interval of distance or time

• Bulgarian: пробег (bg) m (próbeg)
• Japanese: (for distance)道程 (ja) (dōtei), 区間 (ja) (kukan), (for time)時間 (ja) (jikan), 期間 (ja) (kikan)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}

enclosure for animals

• Japanese: ラン (ja) (ran)
• Maori: rāihe
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Polish: wybieg (pl) m
• Romanian: țarc (ro)

nautical equipment

• Romanian: cârmă (ro)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}

unravelled stitches

• Catalan: carrera f
• Dutch: ladder (nl) f
• Finnish: silmäpako
• German: Laufmasche (de) f
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Japanese: 伝線 (ja) (densen)
• Macedonian: процеп m (prócep), скинатица f (skinática)
• Polish: oczko (pl) n
• Spanish: carrera (es) f

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

• (deprecated template usage) Ewe: duƒuƒu n, dusisi n (1)
• (deprecated template usage) Italian: corsa f (1)
• (deprecated template usage) Italian: smagliatura f
• (deprecated template usage) Italian: giro m (14)
• (deprecated template usage) Lithuanian: bėgimas m
• (deprecated template usage) Telugu: పరుగు (parugu)

See also

• (computer science): trajectory

Adjective

run (not comparable)

1. In a liquid state; melted or molten.

   Put some run butter on the vegetables.

   • 1921, L. W. Ferris, H. W. Redfield and W. R. North, The Volatile Acids and the Volatile Oxidizable Substances of Cream and Experimental Butter, in the Journal of Dairy Science, volume 4 (1921), page 522:

     Samples of the regular run butter were sealed in 1 pound tins and sent to Washington, where the butter was scored and examined.

2. Cast in a mould.
   • 1735, Thomas Frankz, A tour through France, Flanders, and Germany: in a letter to Robert Savil, page 18:

     […] the Sides are generally made of Holland's Tiles, or Plates of run Iron, ornamented variously as Fancy dictates, […]

   • 1833, The Cabinet Cyclopaedia: A treatise on the progressive improvement and present state of the Manufactures in Metal, volume 2, Iron and Steel (printed in London), page 314:

     Vast quantities are cast in sand moulds, with that kind of run steel which is so largely used in the production of common table-knives and forks.

   • c. 1839 (Richard of Raindale, The Plan of my House vindicated, quoted by) T. T. B. in the Dwelling of Richard of Raindale, King of the Moors, published in The Mirror, number 966, 7 September 1839, page 153:

     For making tea I have a kettle,

     Besides a pan made of run metal;

     An old arm-chair, in which I sit well —

     The back is round.

3. Exhausted; depleted (especially with "down" or "out").
4. (deprecated template usage) (of a zoology) Travelled, migrated; having made a migration or a spawning run.
   • 1889, Henry Cholmondeley-Pennell, Fishing: Salmon and Trout, fifth edition, page 185:

     The temperature of the water is consequently much higher than in either England or Scotland, and many newly run salmon will be found in early spring in the upper waters of Irish rivers where obstructions exist.

   • 1986, Arthur Oglesby, Fly fishing for salmon and sea trout, page 15:

     It may be very much a metallic appearance as opposed to the silver freshness of a recently run salmon.

   • 2005, Rod Sutterby, Malcolm Greenhalgh, Atlantic Salmon: An Illustrated Natural History, page 86:

     Thus, on almost any day of the year, a fresh-run salmon may be caught legally somewhere in the British Isles.

Verb

run (third-person singular simple present runs, present participle running, simple past ran, past participle run)

1. (vertebrates) To move swiftly.
   1. (intransitive) To move forward quickly upon two feet by alternately making a short jump off either foot. (Compare walk.)

      Run, Sarah, run!

   2. (intransitive) To go at a fast pace, to move quickly.

      The horse ran the length of the track.

      I have been running all over the building looking for him.

      Sorry, I've got to run; my house is on fire.

   3. (transitive) To cause to move quickly; to make move lightly.

      Every day I run my dog across the field and back.

      I'll just run the vacuum cleaner over the carpet.

      Run your fingers through my hair.

      Can you run these data through the program for me and tell me whether it gives an error?

   4. (transitive or intransitive) To compete in a race.

      The horse will run the Preakness next year.

      I'm not ready to run a marathon.

   5. (intransitive) Of fish, to migrate for spawning.
   6. (intransitive, soccer) To carry a football down the field.
   7. (transitive) To achieve or perform by running or as if by running.

      The horse ran a great race.

      He is running an expensive campaign.

   8. (intransitive) To flee away from a danger or towards help.

      Whenever things get tough, she cuts and runs.

      When he's broke, he runs to me for money.

   9. (transitive, juggling, colloquial) To juggle a pattern continuously, as opposed to starting and stopping quickly.
2. (fluids) To flow.
   1. (intransitive, figuratively) To move or spread quickly.

      There's a strange story running around the neighborhood.

      The flu is running through my daughter's kindergarten.

   2. (intransitive) Of a liquid, to flow.

      The river runs through the forest.

      There's blood running down your leg.

   3. (intransitive) Of an object, to have a liquid flowing from it.

      Your nose is running.

      Why is the hose still running?

      My cup runneth over.

   4. (transitive) To make a liquid flow; to make liquid flow from an object.

      You'll have to run the water a while before it gets hot.

      Run the tap until the water gets hot.

   5. (intransitive) To become liquid; to melt.
      • Joseph Addison (1672-1719)

        as wax dissolves, as ice begins to run

      • John Woodward (1665-1728)

        Sussex iron ores run freely in the fire.

   6. (intransitive) To leak or spread in an undesirable fashion; to bleed (especially used of dye or paint).

      He discovered during washing that the red rug ran on his white sheet, staining it pink.

   7. To fuse; to shape; to mould; to cast.

      to run bullets

      • Nicholas Felton (1556-1626)

        The fairest diamonds are rough till they are polished, and the purest gold must be run and washed, and sifted in the ore.

   8. (figurative, transitive) To go through without stopping, usually illegally.

      run a red light or stop sign;   run a blockade

3. (nautical, of a vessel) To sail before the wind, in distinction from reaching or sailing close-hauled.
4. (social) To carry out an activity.
   1. (transitive) To control or manage, be in charge of.

      My uncle ran a corner store for forty years.

      She runs the fundraising.

      My parents think they run my life.

      • Template:quote-magazine
   2. (intransitive) To be a candidate in an election.

      I have decided to run for governor of California.

      We're trying to find somebody to run against him next year.

   3. (transitive) To make run in a race or an election.

      He ran his best horse in the Derby.

      The Green Party is running twenty candidates in this election.

   4. To exert continuous activity; to proceed.

      to run through life;   to run in a circle

   5. (intransitive) To be presented in one of the media.

      The story will run on the 6-o'clock news.

      The latest Robin Williams movie is running at the Silver City theatre.

      Her picture ran on the front page of the newspaper.

   6. (transitive) To print or broadcast in the media.

      run a story;   run an ad

   7. (transitive) To transport someone or something.

      Could you run me over to the store?

      Please run this report upstairs to director's office.

   8. (transitive) To smuggle illegal goods.

      to run guns;   to run rum

      • Jonathan Swift (1667–1745)

        Heavy impositions […] are a strong temptation of running goods.

   9. (transitive, agriculture) To sort through a large volume of produce in quality control.

      Looks like we're gonna have to run the tomatoes again.

5. (intransitive) To extend in space or through a range (often with a measure phrase).

   The border runs for 3000 miles.

   The leash runs along a wire.

   The grain of the wood runs to the right on this table.

   It ran in quality from excellent to substandard.

6. To extend in time, to last, to continue (usually with a measure phrase).

   The sale will run for ten days.

   The contract runs through 2008.

   The meeting ran late.

   The book runs 655 pages.

   The speech runs as follows: …

7. (transitive) To make something extend in space.

   I need to run this wire along the wall.

8. (intransitive) Of a machine, including computer programs, to be operating or working normally.

   My car stopped running.

   That computer runs twenty-four hours a day.

   Buses don't run here on Sunday.

9. (transitive) To make a machine operate.

   It's full. You can run the dishwasher now.

   Don't run the engine so fast.

10. (transitive) To execute or carry out a plan, procedure, or program.

    They ran twenty blood tests on me and they still don't know what's wrong.

    Our coach had us running plays for the whole practice.

    I will run the sample.

    Don't run that software unless you have permission.'

    My computer is too old to run the new OS.

11. To pass or go quickly in thought or conversation.

    to run from one subject to another

    • Joseph Addison (1672-1719)

      Virgil, in his first Georgic, has run into a set of precepts foreign to his subject.

12. ((deprecated template usage) copulative) To become different in a way mentioned (usually to become worse).

    Our supplies are running low.

    They frequently overspent and soon ran into debt.

    • Joseph Addison (1672-1719)

      Have I not cause to rave and beat my breast, to rend my heart with grief and run distracted?

    • 1968, Paul Simon, The Boxer (song)

      I was no more than a boy / In the company of strangers / In the quiet of the railway station / Running scared.

13. (transitive) To cost a large amount of money.

    Buying a new laptop will run you a thousand dollars.

    Laptops run about a thousand dollars apiece.

14. (intransitive) Of stitches or stitched clothing, to unravel.

    My stocking is running.

15. To pursue in thought; to carry in contemplation.
    • Robert South (1634–1716)

      to run the world back to its first original

    • Arthur Collier (1680-1732)

      I would gladly understand the formation of a soul, and run it up to its punctum saliens.

16. To cause to enter; to thrust.

    to run a sword into or through the body;   to run a nail into one's foot

    • Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832)

      You run your head into the lion's mouth.

    • Charles Dickens (1812-1870)

      having run his fingers through his hair

17. To drive or force; to cause, or permit, to be driven.
    • Bible, Acts xxvii. 41

      They ran the ship aground.

    • John Ray (1627-1705)

      A talkative person runs himself upon great inconveniences by blabbing out his own or other's secrets.

    • John Locke (1632-1705)

      Others, accustomed to retired speculations, run natural philosophy into metaphysical notions.

18. To cause to be drawn; to mark out; to indicate; to determine.

    to run a line

19. To encounter or incur (a danger or risk).

    to run the risk of losing one's life

    • Francis Bacon (1561-1626)

      He runneth two dangers.

20. To put at hazard; to venture; to risk.
    • Earl of Clarendon (1609-1674)

      He would himself be in the Highlands to receive them, and run his fortune with them.

21. To tease with sarcasms and ridicule.
22. To sew (a seam) by passing the needle through material in a continuous line, generally taking a series of stitches on the needle at the same time.
23. To control or have precedence in a card game.

    Every three or four hands he would run the table.

24. To be in form thus, as a combination of words.
    • Robert Sanderson (1587-1663)

      The king's ordinary style runneth, "Our sovereign lord the king."
25. (archaic) To be popularly known; to be generally received.
    • William Temple (1628–1699)

      Men gave them their own names, by which they run a great while in Rome.

    • Richard Knolles (1545-1610)

      Neither was he ignorant what report ran of himself.

26. To have growth or development.

    Boys and girls run up rapidly.

    • John Mortimer (1656?-1736)

      if the richness of the ground cause turnips to run to leaves

27. To tend, as to an effect or consequence; to incline.
    • Francis Bacon (1561-1626)

      A man's nature runs either to herbs or weeds.

    • Jonathan Swift (1667–1745)

      Temperate climates run into moderate governments.

28. To have a legal course; to be attached; to continue in force, effect, or operation; to follow; to go in company.

    Certain covenants run with the land.

    • Sir Josiah Child (1630-1699)

      Customs run only upon our goods imported or exported, and that but once for all; whereas interest runs as well upon our ships as goods, and must be yearly paid.

Synonyms

The terms below need to be checked and allocated to the definitions (senses) of the headword above. Each term should appear in the sense for which it is appropriate. For synonyms and antonyms you may use the templates {{syn||...}} or {{ant||...}}.

• go
• pass
• lead
• extend
• hunt
• hunt down
• track down
• travel
• speed
• hurry

Derived terms

phrasal verbs

• run across
• run after
• run along
• run around
• run away
• run by

• run down
• run in
• run into
• run off
• run on
• run out

• run over
• run through
• run to
• run up
• run up against

single words and compounds

• also-ran
• hit-and-run
• overrun
• runaround
• runaway

• run-down
• run-in
• runner
• runner-up
• runny

• run-off
• run-of-the-mill, run of the mill
• runtime
• run-up
• runway

multiple words

• cannonball run
• chicken run
• dry run
• front runner

• hacking run
• home run
• rat run
• run for the hills

• run rate
• run time
• ski run

idioms

• a run for one's money
• hold with the hare and run with the hounds
• hit the ground running
• in the long run
• in the running
• in the short run
• off and running
• on the run
• one can run but one can't hide
• out of the running
• make a run for it
• make someone's blood run cold
• run a bath

• run a fever
• run aground
• run amok, run amuck
• run an errand
• run a risk
• run a temperature
• run circles around
• run for the roses
• run hot and cold
• run high
• run in the family
• run low

• run out of steam
• run rampant
• run scared
• run somebody of their feet
• run somebody ragged
• run the gamut
• run the gauntlet
• run into the ground
• run the show
• the run of
• the runs
• up and running

Related terms

• gallop
• move
• walk

Translations

to move quickly on two feet

• Template:trreq
• Albanian: vrapoj
• American Sign Language: S@SideChesthigh-S@SideChesthigh CirclesMidline-CirclesMidline
• Arabic: ركض (ar) (rákada), جَرى (ar) (jarā)

  Egyptian Arabic: جرى (garā)

• Armenian: վազել (hy) (vazel)
• Aromanian: fug, alag
• Asturian: correr
• Template:trreq
• Azeri: yüyürmək
• Basque: korrika egin (eu), lasterka egin (eu)
• Belarusian: бе́гаць impf (bjéhacʹ) (abstract), бегчы́ impf (bjehčý) (concrete)
• Bengali: দৌড়ান (dauṛāna)
• Breton: redek (br)
• Bulgarian: бя́гам (bg) impf (bjágam) (abstract), ти́чам (bg) impf (tíčam)
• Burmese: ပြေး (my) (pre:)
• Catalan: córrer (ca)
• Template:trreq
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 跑 (zh) (pǎo), 奔跑 (zh) (bēnpǎo)

• Crimean Tatar: (northern dialect cuvurmaq) çapmaq
• Czech: běhat (cs) impf (abstract), běžet (cs) impf (concrete)
• Dalmatian: cuar
• Danish: løbe (da)
• Dutch: rennen (nl), lopen (nl)
• Esperanto: kuri (eo)
• Estonian: jooksma
• Ewe: ƒu du
• Finnish: juosta (fi)
• French: courir (fr)
• Galician: correr
• Georgian: სირბილი (sirbili)
• German: rennen (de), laufen (de)
• Greek: τρέχω (el) (trécho)
• Hebrew: רץ (he) (ráts)
• Hindi: दौड़ना (dauṛnā)
• Hungarian: fut (hu)
• Icelandic: hlaupa (is)
• Ido: kurar (io), hastar (io)
• Indonesian: lari (id), berlari (id), menjalankan (id)
• Irish: rith
• Italian: correre (it)
• Japanese: 走る (ja) (はしる, hashiru)
• Kannada: ಓಡು (kn) (ōḍu)
• Kazakh: жүгіру (jügirw)
• Khmer: រត់ (km) (rʊət)
• Korean: 달리다 (ko) (dallida)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Kurdish:

  Kurmanji: bezîn (ku), revîn (ku), bazdan (ku)

  Sorani:

• Kyrgyz: жүгүрүү (jügürüü)
• Lao: ແລ່ນ (leehn)
• Latgalian: skrīt
• Latin: currō (la)
• Latvian: skriet (lv)
• Lithuanian: bėgti (lt)
• Luxembourgish: lafen, rennen
• Macedonian: трча (t'rča)
• Malay: menjalankan
• Malayalam: ഓടുക (ml) (ōṭuka)
• Mongolian: гүйх (güjx)
• North Frisian: (Föhr-Amrum) luup
• Norwegian: løpe (no), springe (no)
• Novial:
• Occitan: córrer (oc)
• Template:trreq
• Persian: دویدن (fa) (davidan)
• Polish: biegać (pl) impf (abstract), biec (pl) impf (concrete)
• Portuguese: correr (pt)
• Romanian: a alerga (ro), a fugi (ro)
• Russian: бе́гать (ru) impf (bégatʹ), побе́гать (ru) pf (pobégatʹ) (abstract), бежа́ть (ru) impf (bežátʹ), побежа́ть (ru) pf (pobežátʹ) (concrete)
• Scots: rin
• Scottish Gaelic: ruith
• Serbo-Croatian: trčati, трчати
• Sinhalese: දුවනවා (duwanawā)
• Slovak: behať impf (abstract), bežať impf (concrete)
• Slovene: teči (sl)
• Spanish: correr (es)
• Swahili: kukimbia
• Swedish: springa (sv)
• Tagalog: tumakbo
• Tajik: давидан (davidan)
• Tamil: ஓடு (ta) (ōṭu)
• Telugu: పరుగెత్తు (te) (parugettu)
• Thai: วิ่ง (th) (wîng)
• Turkish: koşmak (tr)
• Turkmen: çapmak
• Tuvan: маңнаар (mañnaar), чүгүрер (çügürer)
• Ukrainian: бі́гати (uk) impf (bíhaty) (abstract), бігти́ (uk) impf (bihtý) (concrete)
• Urdu: دوڑنا (dauṛnā)
• Uzbek: yugurmoq (uz)
• Vietnamese: chạy (vi)
• Welsh: rhedeg (cy)

to move quickly

• Catalan: córrer (ca)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Finnish: juosta (fi), rientää, rynnätä (fi)

to move or spread quickly

• Catalan: córrer (ca)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Finnish: olla liikkeellä, juosta (fi)

to cause to move quickly

• Catalan: fer córrer
• Czech: prohánět, prohnat
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Finnish: juoksuttaa (fi), ajaa (fi)

to be in charge of

• Czech: řídit (cs)
• Finnish: vetää (fi), vastata (fi), hallita (fi), johtaa (fi)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Italian: condurre (it)
• Romanian: conduce (ro)

to flow

• Bulgarian: тека (bg) (teká)
• Catalan: fluir (ca), escolar-se
• Czech: téct, téci (cs)
• Danish: løbe (da), (about tears, poetic) trille, rulle
• Finnish: virrata (fi), juosta (fi)
• French: s’écouler (fr), couler (fr)
• Greek: τρέχω (el) (trécho), ρέω (el) (réo), κυλώ (el) (kyló)
• Italian: fluire (it)
• Macedonian: тече (téče)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Manx: sheel
• Polish: cieknąć
• Portuguese: correr (pt), manar (pt), fluir (pt)
• Scots: rin
• Scottish Gaelic: ruith
• Serbo-Croatian: proticati, strujati
• Spanish: fluir (es), afluir (es), correr (es)
• Swedish: rinna (sv)
• Vietnamese: chảy (vi)

to have a liquid flowing from

• Finnish: valua
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}

to make a liquid flow

• Catalan: fer fluir
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Finnish: juoksuttaa (fi), valuttaa

to extend in space or through a range

• Finnish: ulottua (fi), yltää, kulkea (fi)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• German: gehen (de), verlaufen (de)

to extend in time, to last, to continue

• Czech: trvat (cs), zabírat
• Finnish: kestää (fi) (to last), olla myöhässä, myöhästyä (fi) (to run late), jatkua (fi) (to continue)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}

to make something extend in space

• Finnish: vetää (fi)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}

of a machine, to be operating normally

• Catalan: funcionar (ca)
• Czech: fungovat (cs)
• Finnish: toimia (fi), käydä (fi), kulkea (fi) (of means of transport)
• French: marcher (fr)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Macedonian: работи (ráboti)
• Norwegian: gå (no)
• Tuvaluan: tele

to make a machine operate

• Catalan: fer funcionar
• Finnish: käynnistää (fi), käyttää (fi)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Khmer: ដើរ (km) (daə)
• Tuvaluan: fakatele

to execute or carry out a plan, procedure or program

• Finnish: panna toimeen, tehdä (fi), ajaa (fi), suorittaa (fi)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}

to compete in a race

• Finnish: juosta (fi)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Romanian: concura (ro) (literally)

to be a candidate in an election

• Czech: kandidovat
• Finnish: pyrkiä (fi)
• German: kandidieren (de)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Macedonian: се кандидира (se kandidíra)
• Navajo: yilwoł
• Russian: баллотироваться (ru) (ballotírovatʹsja)

to make run in a race or an election

• Finnish: kilpailuttaa (fi) (in a race), asettaa (fi)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}

to be presented in one of the media

• Finnish: tulla (fi) (of TV and radio), olla (fi) (of print)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}

to print or broadcast in the media

• Finnish: julkaista (fi) (to publish)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}

to leak, spread or bleed in an undesirable fashion

• Finnish: värjätä, päästää väriä (fi)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Russian: линять (ru) (linjatʹ)

to become different, usually worse

• Finnish: käydä (fi), muuttua (fi)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}

to go through without stopping

• Finnish: ajaa läpi (fi), ajaa ohi (fi)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}

to transport someone or something

• Finnish: ajaa (fi), viedä (fi)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}

to smuggle illegal goods — see smuggle

to cost a large amount of money

• Finnish: maksaa (fi), saada pulittaa (fi), joutua pulittamaan (fi)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}

of fish, to migrate for spawning

• Finnish: vaeltaa (fi)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}

soccer: to carry a football down the field

• Finnish: kuljettaa (fi)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}

of stitches, to unravel

• Czech: párat se, utíkat
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Finnish: juosta (fi), purkautua

to flee away from a danger or towards help

• Czech: prchat (cs)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Finnish: juosta karkuun, paeta (fi)

agriculture: to sort through

• Finnish: lajitella (fi)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}

to control or have precedence in a card game

• Finnish: putsata pöytä (fi)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}

juggling: to juggle a pattern continuously

• Finnish: pyörittää (fi)
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}

Statistics

• Template:rank

Anagrams

• URN, urn

---

Dutch

Verb

1. (deprecated template usage) first-person singular present indicative of runnen
2. (deprecated template usage) imperative of runnen

---

Gothic

Romanization

run

1. (deprecated template usage) Romanization of 𐍂𐌿𐌽

---

Jèrriais

Etymology

(deprecated use of |lang= parameter) (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

1. beam

---

Lojban

Rafsi

1. Rafsi of rutni.

---

Mandarin

Romanization

1. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) Nonstandard spelling of rún.
2. (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) Nonstandard spelling of rùn.

Usage notes

• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

---

Old English

Etymology

From the (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Proto-Germanic Template:term/t. Cognate with the Old Saxon Template:term/t, Old High German Template:term/t (German (deprecated template usage) Raun), Old Norse (deprecated template usage) rún, and Gothic (deprecated template usage) 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (rūna).

Pronunciation

• (deprecated use of |lang= parameter) IPA^(key): /ruːn/

Noun

rūn f (nominative plural rūna or rūne)

1. mystery, secret

   rune healdan (to keep one's counsel)

2. advice, counsel
3. writing; a rune

Descendants

• English: rune

See also

• dyrne Template:pos a

---

Polish

Noun

run

1. Genitive plural of runo.