浪人: difference between revisions
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Revision as of 04:19, 18 August 2015
Chinese
wave; breaker; unrestrained wave; breaker; unrestrained; dissipated |
man; person; people | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (浪人) |
浪 | 人 |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄤˋ ㄖㄣˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: làngrén
- Wade–Giles: lang4-jên2
- Yale: làng-rén
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lanqren
- Palladius: ланжэнь (lanžɛnʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɑŋ⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: long6 jan4
- Yale: lohng yàhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: long6 jan4
- Guangdong Romanization: long6 yen4
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɔːŋ²² jɐn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Nomen
(deprecated template usage) 浪人
- hobo; vagabond
- ruffian
- Japanese ronin
- (deprecated template usage) (colloquial) lewd person; lecher
Japanese
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
浪 | 人 |
ろう Grade: S |
にん Grade: 1 |
on'yomi |
Etymology
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese compound 浪人 (lang nyin, literally “wasteful or reckless person”). Compare modern (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Mandarin 浪人 (làngrén).
Originally referred to someone who had no fixed residence. Used in the context of the Ritsuryō legal system of Nara and Heian period Japan to refer to someone who had intentionally left their registered residence in order to avoid tax liabilities and corvee labor requirements.[1] Later in the Muromachi period, came to refer to samurai who had left or lost their lords. This meaning was extended in more recent times to refer to potentially anyone who was not employed, and then again to refer to high-school graduates who have failed the annual university entrance exams and are studying for the next year's exams.
Pronunciation
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Nomen
- a masterless samurai
- a vagrant, a vagabond, a wanderer
- 1177–1188: Iroha Jiruishō:[2]
- 浪(ラウ)人
- 1177–1188: Iroha Jiruishō:[2]
- someone in exile
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 541:[3]
- Rǒnin. ラゥニン (牢人) 追放された人.
- More specifically spelled 牢人.
- a prisoner
- More specifically spelled 牢人.
- someone who has been laid off oder fired, an unemployed person
- a student who failed the annual university entrance exams and is waiting to take them again: 浪人生 (rōninsei)
Derived terms
- 浪人生 (rōninsei): a student who failed the annual university entrance exams and is waiting to take them again
Synonyms
- (wanderer): 流浪人 (rurōnin), 流浪者 (rurōsha)
- (unemployed person): 失業者 (shitsugyōsha)
- (exile, prisoner): 牢者 (rōsha)
Verb
浪人する • (rōnin suru) ←らうにん (raunin)?suru (stem 浪人し (rōnin shi), past 浪人した (rōnin shita))
- to become unemployed, to lose one's job
- (deprecated template usage) (archaic) to lose one's master
- to study for the following year's annual university entrance exams after failing
Conjugation
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 浪人し | ろうにんし | rōnin shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 浪人し | ろうにんし | rōnin shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 浪人する | ろうにんする | rōnin suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 浪人する | ろうにんする | rōnin suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 浪人すれ | ろうにんすれ | rōnin sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 浪人せよ¹ 浪人しろ² |
ろうにんせよ¹ ろうにんしろ² |
rōnin seyo¹ rōnin shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 浪人される | ろうにんされる | rōnin sareru | |
Causative | 浪人させる 浪人さす |
ろうにんさせる ろうにんさす |
rōnin saseru rōnin sasu | |
Potential | 浪人できる | ろうにんできる | rōnin dekiru | |
Volitional | 浪人しよう | ろうにんしよう | rōnin shiyō | |
Negative | 浪人しない | ろうにんしない | rōnin shinai | |
Negative continuative | 浪人せず | ろうにんせず | rōnin sezu | |
Formal | 浪人します | ろうにんします | rōnin shimasu | |
Perfective | 浪人した | ろうにんした | rōnin shita | |
Conjunctive | 浪人して | ろうにんして | rōnin shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 浪人すれば | ろうにんすれば | rōnin sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
Synonyms
- (become unemployed): 失業 (shitsugyō)
References
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Template:reference-book
- ^ Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Template:reference-book
Korean
Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
浪 | 人 |
Nomen
Vietnamese
chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
浪 | 人 |
Nomen
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 浪
- Chinese terms spelled with 人
- Chinese colloquialisms
- Japanese terms spelled with 浪 read as ろう
- Japanese terms spelled with 人 read as にん
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with first grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese suru verbs
- Japanese terms with archaic senses
- Korean lemmas
- Korean nouns
- Korean nouns in Han script
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán