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[[Category:Han characters from which hiragana were derived|え]] |
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Revision as of 02:35, 8 October 2022
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Translingual
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Alternative forms
Han character
衣 (Kangxi radical 145, 衣+0, 6 strokes, cangjie input 卜竹女 (YHV), four-corner 00732, composition ⿱亠𧘇)
- Kangxi radical #145, ⾐.
Descendants
Derived characters
- Appendix:Chinese radical/衣
- 依, 𠲖, 㛄, 𭕊, 𢙇, 挔, 㳖, 𭸈, 䧇, 𭥾, 𭨳, 𣐿, 𫀊, 畩, 𥑴, 𬗑, 𫌻, 𭕧, 銥(铱), 餏(饻), 𮪩, 𬷐, 𬹶
- 𠜆, 𪫳, 𩛚, 𪀰, 𫢚, 𡘚, 䒾, 𬋧, 𦊬, 𫞫, 𥥴, 𭾱, 𦊶, 𬕁, 𩂱, 𭊀, 䮍, 𩬿, 𮫟, 𭧯, 𥲘, 㠢, 𮆵, 𮒸, 㕈, 庡, 扆, 𪪠, 𪊬, 𪗋
- 初, 𤇷
Related characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1111, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34091
- Dae Jaweon: page 1575, character 9
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3074, character 1
- Unihan data for U+8863
Chinese
simp. and trad. |
衣 |
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Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 衣 | |||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Pictogram (象形) Outline of the chest, upper clothing. compare to 文 with limbs and a head.
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *w(y)a-t ~ wit (“to wear; to clothe”).
Pronunciation 2 ("to wear") is the exoactive form of pronunciation 1 ("garment; clothes").
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yi1
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): йи (yi, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): i1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): i1
- Northern Min (KCR): í
- Eastern Min (BUC): ĭ
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1i
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): i1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yi
- Wade–Giles: i1
- Yale: yī
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: i
- Palladius: и (i)
- Sinological IPA (key): /i⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: yi1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: i
- Sinological IPA (key): /i⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: йи (yi, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /i²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ji1
- Yale: yī
- Cantonese Pinyin: ji1
- Guangdong Romanization: yi1
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiː⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: yi1
- Sinological IPA (key): /ji³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: i1
- Sinological IPA (key): /i⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yî
- Hakka Romanization System: iˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yi1
- Sinological IPA: /i²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yî
- Hakka Romanization System: (r)iˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: yi1
- Sinological IPA: /(j)i²⁴/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: i1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /i¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: í
- Sinological IPA (key): /i⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /i⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- i - literary;
- ui - vernacular (only in the sense “placenta”).
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: i1 / ui1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: i / ui
- Sinological IPA (key): /i³³/, /ui³³/
- i1 - literary;
- ui1 - vernacular.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Standort | 衣 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /i⁵⁵/ |
Harbin | /i⁴⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /i²¹/ | |
Jinan | /i²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /i²¹³/ | |
Zhengzhou | /i²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /i²¹/ | |
Xining | /ji⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /i⁴⁴/ | |
Lanzhou | /i³¹/ | |
Ürümqi | /i⁴⁴/ | |
Wuhan | /i⁵⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /i⁵⁵/ | |
Guiyang | /i⁵⁵/ | |
Kunming | /i⁴⁴/ | |
Nanjing | /i³¹/ | |
Hefei | /zz̩²¹/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /i¹¹/ |
Pingyao | /i¹³/ | |
Hohhot | /i³¹/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /i⁵³/ |
Suzhou | /i⁵⁵/ | |
Hangzhou | /ʔi³³/ | |
Wenzhou | /i³³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /i³¹/ |
Tunxi | /i¹¹/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /i³³/ |
Xiangtan | /i³³/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /i⁴²/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /i⁴⁴/ |
Taoyuan | /ʒï²⁴/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /ji⁵³/ |
Nanning | /ji⁵⁵/ | |
Hongkong | /ji⁵⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /i⁵⁵/ /ui⁵⁵/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /i⁴⁴/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /i⁵⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /i³³/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /i²³/ /ta²³/ 訓衫 |
- Middle Chinese: 'j+j
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔ(r)əj/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qɯl/
Definitions
- (upper) garment; clothes; clothing (Classifier: 件)
- coating; covering; skin
- membrane; film
- (literary or Min) afterbirth; placenta
- a surname
Synonyms
Compounds
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Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ji3
- Eastern Min (BUC): é
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ì
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yì
- Wade–Giles: i4
- Yale: yì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yih
- Palladius: и (i)
- Sinological IPA (key): /i⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄧ
- Tongyong Pinyin: yi
- Wade–Giles: i1
- Yale: yī
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: i
- Palladius: и (i)
- Sinological IPA (key): /i⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ji3
- Yale: yi
- Cantonese Pinyin: ji3
- Guangdong Romanization: yi3
- Sinological IPA (key): /jiː³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: é
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɛi²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Middle Chinese: 'j+jH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔ(r)əj-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*qɯls/
Definitions
- † (literary) to dress; to wear; to put on clothes
- 相如度秦王雖齋,決負約不償城,乃使其從者衣褐,懷其璧,從徑道亡,歸璧於趙。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Xiàngrú duò Qín wáng suī zhāi, jué fùyuē bù cháng chéng, nǎi shǐ qí cóngzhě yì hè, huái qí bì, cóng jìngdào wáng, guī bì yú Zhào. [Pinyin]
- Lin Xiangru reckoned even though the King of Qin agreed to fast, he would certainly break his promise and not hand over the cities. Hence, he ordered his servant to put on ragged clothes, hide the jade under his bosom, and flee Qin on trails, in order to smuggle the jade back to Zhao.
相如度秦王虽斋,决负约不偿城,乃使其从者衣褐,怀其璧,从径道亡,归璧于赵。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- † to cover; to place something over; to wrap up; to bind up
- † Original form of 依 (yī, “to rely on”).
Compounds
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References
- “衣”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
Compounds
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
衣 |
ころも Grade: 4 |
kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. Appears in the Kojiki completed in 712 CE.
Ultimate derivation unclear. May be a compound of ころ (koro, uncertain meaning, possibly “wrapping”, cognate with 転 (koro, “roller; rolling”)) + 裳 (mo, “lower robe”).
Pronunciation
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Nomen
- (archaic) clothes, clothing
- a robe (as worn by a monk, nun, or priest)
- a coating on an item of food, such as batter or icing
- the outer shell or carapace of an insect or other arthropod
- the hide or feathers of a small animal
Synonyms
- (clothing): 服 (fuku), 衣服 (ifuku)
- (robe): 着物 (kimono) (non-clerical); 法衣 (hōi) (clerical), 僧衣 (sōi) (clerical)
- (food coating, insect shell, animal skin): 外皮 (gaihi)
Derived terms
- 衣替え (koromogae): the changing of one's clothes
- 衣虱 (koromojirami): the body louse ((Pediculus humanus), (Lua error in Module:parameters at line 797: Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.), (Lua error in Module:parameters at line 797: Parameter "ver" is not used by this template.))
- 衣手 (koromode): a sleeve
- 衣筥 (koromobako): a kind of clothing box oder chest that has short legs
- 衣偏 (koromohen): the clothing radical (a graphical portion of a kanji character)
- 衣屋 (koromoya): a store selling clerical robes; a person working in such a store
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
衣 |
きぬ Grade: 4 |
kun'yomi |
Likely cognate with 絹 (kinu, "silk”).[1] Alternatively, may also be a compound of 着 (ki, "wearing”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, "stem or continuative form”) of the verb 着る kiru, “to wear”) + 布 (nu, "cloth”, shortened from normal reading nuno).[1]
Pronunciation
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Nomen
- clothes, clothing (particularly clothing worn on the top half of the body)
- an overrobe
- the skin, hide, or shell of an animal; the bark, rind, or skin of a plant
Derived terms
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
---|
衣 |
ぎ Grade: 4 |
kun'yomi |
The rendaku form of 着 (ki), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, "stem or continuative form”) of the verb 着る (kiru, “to wear”).[1][2]
Pronunciation
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Alternative forms
Suffix
Usage notes
Only found as the latter element in compounds. More commonly spelled 着.
Derived terms
Etymology 4
Kanji in this term |
---|
衣 |
い Grade: 4 |
kan'on |
From Middle Chinese 衣 (MC 'j+j, “clothes, clothing”).
The kan'on reading, so likely a more recent borrowing.
Pronunciation
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Nomen
Affix
Derived terms
Etymology 5
Kanji in this term |
---|
衣 |
え Grade: 4 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 衣 (MC 'j+j, “clothes, clothing”).
The goon reading, so likely the older borrowing.
Pronunciation
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Nomen
Usage notes
Not used in isolation. Only encountered in compounds.
Derived terms
Etymology 6
Kanji in this term |
---|
衣 |
そ Grade: 4 |
kun'yomi |
⟨so2⟩ → /so/
From Old Japanese. Ultimate derivation unknown.
Pronunciation
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Nomen
Usage notes
Only found in compounds.
Derived terms
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
Korean
Hanja
Okinawan
Etymology
Cognate with mainland Japanese 衣 (kinu).[1][2] Attested in the 沖縄語典 (Okinawa Goten, “Okinawan Dictionary”) as ちん.[3]
Nomen
References
- ^ Katrien Hendrickx, The Origins of Banana-fibre Cloth in the Ryukyus, Japan, Leuven University Press: 2007, p 110
- ^ http://www.haisai.co.jp/kantanuchinaaguchi.htm
- ^ Nakamoto, Masayo (中本政世) (1896) 沖縄語典 [Documentation of the Language of Okinawa], Hikone (彦根市): Eishōdō (永昌堂), , page 31
Old Korean
Particle
衣 (*-uy)
- genitive case marker
Descendants
Vietnamese
Han character
衣: Hán Nôm readings: y, ấy, diệu
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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