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* {{s|to be engaged in a mental or physical activity}} {{zh-l|做工}} |
* {{s|to be engaged in a mental or physical activity}} {{zh-l|做工}} |
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* {{s|to be employed}} {{q|polite|chiefly in questions}} {{zh-l|發財}}, {{zh-l|幹活}} |
* {{s|to be employed}} {{q|polite|chiefly in questions}} {{zh-l|發財}}, {{zh-l|幹活}} |
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{{zh-dial|上班}} |
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====Antonyms==== |
====Antonyms==== |
Revision as of 05:37, 5 January 2023
Chinese
work; worker; skill work; worker; skill; profession; trade; craft; labour |
to regard as; to take (somebody) for; to do to regard as; to take (somebody) for; to do; to make | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (工作) |
工 | 作 | |
anagram | 作工 |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gung1 zok3
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): gŭng-cáuk
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1kon-tsoq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gong1 zo6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥ ㄗㄨㄛˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gongzuò
- Wade–Giles: kung1-tso4
- Yale: gūng-dzwò
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gongtzuoh
- Palladius: гунцзо (gunczo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡su̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гунзуә (gunzuə, I-II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuŋ²⁴ t͡suə⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: gung1 zok3
- Yale: gūng jok
- Cantonese Pinyin: gung1 dzok8
- Guangdong Romanization: gung1 zog3
- Sinological IPA (key): /kʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡sɔːk̚³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kûng-chok
- Hakka Romanization System: gungˊ zogˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gung1 zog5
- Sinological IPA: /kuŋ²⁴ t͡sok̚²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gŭng-cáuk
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuŋ⁵⁵⁻⁵³ (t͡s-)ʒɑuʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kong-chok
- Tâi-lô: kong-tsok
- Phofsit Daibuun: kongzog
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔŋ³³ t͡sɔk̚⁵/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɔk̚³²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gang1 zag4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kang tsak
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sak̚²/
- Wu
- Xiang
Verb
工作
- to work (to be engaged in a mental or physical activity)
- to work (to be employed)
- to work (to function properly)
Usage notes
There are many equivalents for English to work in Chinese, the most common and generic being 工作 (gōngzuò). Use 上班 (shàngbān) for shift work, 辦公/办公 (bàngōng) for office or administration work and 幹活/干活 (gànhuó) for physical work.
Synonyms
- (to be engaged in a mental or physical activity): 做工 (zuògōng)
- (to be employed): (polite, chiefly in questions) 發財/发财 (fācái), 幹活/干活 (gànhuó)
Antonyms
- (work; to be engaged in an activity): 歇息 (xiēxi)
Related terms
Nomen
(deprecated template usage) 工作
- (uncountable) work (employment)
- 工作滿足感/工作满足感 ― gōngzuò mǎnzúgǎn ― job satisfaction
- 找不到工作 ― zhǎobudào gōngzuò ― to be unable to find work
- (countable) job (position) (Classifier: 份; 個/个)
- (countable, uncountable) task; job; work (something to do) (Classifier: 份 m; 項/项 m; 個/个)
- (archaic, countable) ingenious accomplishment (Classifier: 個/个)
Synonyms
- (work):
Variety | Standort | Words |
---|---|---|
Classical Chinese | 職, 業 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 職業, 工作 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 工作 |
Singapur | 工, 工作 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 工 |
Hongkong | 工 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 工 | |
Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 頭路 |
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 頭路 | |
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 頭路 | |
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 頭路 | |
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 頭路 | |
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 頭路 | |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 頭路, 工課, 穡路 |
Quanzhou | 頭路, 工課, 穡路 | |
Jinjiang | 頭路 | |
Zhangzhou | 頭路, 工課, 穡路 | |
Taipei | 頭路 | |
New Taipei (Sanxia) | 頭路, 職業 | |
Kaohsiung | 工課, 頭路, 穡頭, 職業 | |
Yilan | 工課, 頭路, 職業 | |
Changhua (Lukang) | 工課, 頭路, 職業 | |
Taichung | 頭路, 工課, 穡頭 | |
Tainan | 工課, 頭路, 穡頭, 職業 | |
Hsinchu | 頭路, 工課 | |
Kinmen | 頭路, 工課 | |
Penghu (Magong) | 工課 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 工課, 工 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 工, 頭路, 工課 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 頭路 | |
Jieyang | 工課 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 工, 工課 | |
Singapore (Hainanese) | 工 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 工作, 生活, 生意, 行當, 飯碗 figuratively, 飯碗頭 figuratively |
Shanghai (Chongming) | 生活, 營生 | |
Suzhou | 行當 | |
Danyang | 生活 | |
Ningbo | 生活, 行當 | |
Wenzhou | 行當 | |
Jinhua | 行當, 事幹, 生活 |
Derived terms
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Descendants
Others:
- → Zhuang: gunghcoz
See also
- 幹活/干活 (gànhuó)
- 勞動/劳动 (láodòng)
- 任務/任务 (rènwù)
- 上班 (shàngbān)
- 務工/务工 (wùgōng)
- 職業/职业 (zhíyè)
- 做事 (zuòshì)
- (Cantonese) 做嘢 (zou6 je5)
- (Min Nan) 做穡/做穑 (chò-sit; chòe-sit)
- (Min Nan) 空課/空课 (khang-khòe; khang-khè)
Japanese
Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
工 | 作 |
こう Grade: 2 |
さく Grade: 2 |
kan'on |
Pronunciation
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Nomen
- handicraft, industrial art, woodwork
- underground negotiation of political, foreign relations
- activities of espionage
Derived terms
Verb
工作する • (kōsaku suru) suru (stem 工作し (kōsaku shi), past 工作した (kōsaku shita))
Conjugation
Conjugation of "工作する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 工作し | こうさくし | kōsaku shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 工作し | こうさくし | kōsaku shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 工作する | こうさくする | kōsaku suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 工作する | こうさくする | kōsaku suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 工作すれ | こうさくすれ | kōsaku sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 工作せよ¹ 工作しろ² |
こうさくせよ¹ こうさくしろ² |
kōsaku seyo¹ kōsaku shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 工作される | こうさくされる | kōsaku sareru | |
Causative | 工作させる 工作さす |
こうさくさせる こうさくさす |
kōsaku saseru kōsaku sasu | |
Potential | 工作できる | こうさくできる | kōsaku dekiru | |
Volitional | 工作しよう | こうさくしよう | kōsaku shiyō | |
Negative | 工作しない | こうさくしない | kōsaku shinai | |
Negative continuative | 工作せず | こうさくせず | kōsaku sezu | |
Formal | 工作します | こうさくします | kōsaku shimasu | |
Perfective | 工作した | こうさくした | kōsaku shita | |
Conjunctive | 工作して | こうさくして | kōsaku shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 工作すれば | こうさくすれば | kōsaku sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
Korean
Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
工 | 作 |
Nomen
Vietnamese
chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
工 | 作 |
Nomen
工作
Kategorien:
- Mandarin terms with audio links
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Dungan lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Xiang lemmas
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Dungan verbs
- Cantonese verbs
- Hakka verbs
- Eastern Min verbs
- Hokkien verbs
- Teochew verbs
- Wu verbs
- Xiang verbs
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Dungan nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Xiang nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 工
- Chinese terms spelled with 作
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Chinese uncountable nouns
- Chinese countable nouns
- Chinese nouns classified by 份
- Chinese nouns classified by 個/个
- Chinese nouns classified by 項/项
- Chinese terms with archaic senses
- Beginning Mandarin
- Japanese terms spelled with 工 read as こう
- Japanese terms spelled with 作 read as さく
- Japanese terms read with kan'on
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- Japanese verbs
- Japanese suru verbs
- Korean lemmas
- Korean nouns
- Korean nouns in Han script
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese nouns
- Vietnamese nouns in Han script
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán