呢: difference between revisions
→Etymology 3: alt form 哩 (using AjaxEdit) |
m →Etymology 3: (using AjaxEdit) |
||
| Line 93: | Line 93: | ||
===Etymology 3=== |
===Etymology 3=== |
||
{{zh-forms|alt=爾-rare,邇-rare,伊:ji1,依:ji1,咿:ji1,哩 |
{{zh-forms|alt=爾-rare,邇-rare,伊:ji1,依:ji1,咿:ji1,哩-nonstandard:li1}} |
||
Substrate word. Compare: |
Substrate word. Compare: |
||
* {{cog|tai-pro|*najꟲ||this}}: {{cog|za|neix||this}}, {{cog|th|นี้||this}}, {{cog|lo|ນີ້||this}} |
* {{cog|tai-pro|*najꟲ||this}}: {{cog|za|neix||this}}, {{cog|th|นี้||this}}, {{cog|lo|ນີ້||this}} |
||
Revision as of 06:35, 12 March 2023
| ||||||||
Translingual
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| |||
Han character
呢 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 口尸心 (RSP), four-corner 67011, composition ⿰口尼)
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 181, character 25
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3430
- Dae Jaweon: page 399, character 31
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 609, character 3
- Unihan data for U+5462
Chinese
Glyph origin
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nil) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 尼 (OC *nil)
Etymology 1
| trad. | 呢 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 呢 | |
| alternative forms | 吶／呐 | |
Ota (1987) suggests that the particle used in questions comes from 聻 (MC nriX) [Five Dynasties], a particle which may come from 爾 (MC nyeX, “that”), and that the particle used to indicate an action in progress comes from earlier 哩 [Yuan dynasty], which may come from 裏 (MC liX, “place”) [Tang dynasty–Five Dynasties].
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:wuu-pron at line 214: Invalid syllable: 0neq,0nyi. Wugniu expected, but another romanisation is supplied.
Definitions
- Sentence-final particle indicating a reciprocal question; used to apply the previously asked question to a new subject. What about ...?; And ...?
- Sentence-final particle signalling a pause, to emphasize the preceding words.
- Sentence-final particle indicating continuation of an action or state, English present continuous. to be ...-ing
- Sentence-final particle used to make questions more indirect, to give the impression that the speaker is speaking to themselves.
- (Shanghainese) Sentence-final particle expressing anger.
Usage notes
When expressing an action in progress, 呢 can be used with 正在 (zhèngzài) and 著／着 (zhe) in a sentence. This is the full pattern. Each part is optional. The use of 呢 implies a contrastive mood.
Compounds
Lua error in Module:zh/templates at line 32: This template has been deprecated. Please use Template:col3 instead.
Etymology 2
| trad. | 呢 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 呢 | |
- “cloth”
- From French laine. In 《明史》, this word is also written as 嗹／𪡏. Cognate with Cantonese 冷 (laang5-1).
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:wuu-pron at line 214: Invalid syllable: 3nyi. Wugniu expected, but another romanisation is supplied.
Definitions
- Used in 呢喃 (nínán).
- woollen cloth (for heavy clothing)
- 1853, 陳逢𢖍 [Chen Fengheng; Chin Hōkō], “𠸄咭唎紀略序”, in 荒木謇, editor, 𠸄咭唎紀略 [Yingjili jilüe; Egeresu kiryaku][1], page unknown:
Compounds
Lua error in Module:zh/templates at line 32: This template has been deprecated. Please use Template:col3 instead.
Etymology 3
| trad. | 呢 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 呢 | |
| alternative forms | ||
Substrate word. Compare:
- Proto-Tai *najꟲ (“this”): Zhuang neix (“this”), Thai นี้ (níi, “this”), Lao ນີ້ (nī, “this”)
- Proto-Mon-Khmer *niʔ ~ nih (“this”): Khmer នេះ (nih, “this”)
- Proto-Mon-Khmer *naaj (“deictic particle”): Khmer នាយ (niəy, “over there”), Vietnamese này, nầy (“this”), Vietnamese nay (“now”), Vietnamese nấy (“that”)
- Proto-Hmong-Mien *ʔneinˣ (“this”): White Hmong no (“here, this”)
- Proto-Austronesian *nay (“deictic particle: this”), *qani (“proximal deictic: this”), *-ni (“proximal spatio-temporal deixis: this, here; now”): Malay ini (“this”).
Pronunciation
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ni1 / nei1
- Yale: nī / nēi
- Cantonese Pinyin: ni1 / nei1
- Guangdong Romanization: ni1 / néi1
- Sinological IPA (key): /niː⁵⁵/, /nei̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
Usage notes
- Unlike Mandarin 這／这 (zhè), 呢 cannot be used alone without a following classifier. See 呢個#Usage notes.
Synonyms
Etymology 4
| trad. | 呢 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 呢 | |
Pronunciation
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: ne2
- Yale: né
- Cantonese Pinyin: ne2
- Guangdong Romanization: né2
- Sinological IPA (key): /nɛː³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
Etymology 5
| trad. | 呢 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 呢 | |
From clipping of English level.
Pronunciation
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: le1
- Yale: lē
- Cantonese Pinyin: le1
- Guangdong Romanization: lé1
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɛː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, gaming) levels (in a video game)
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, figuratively) levels in a society; social class
Compounds
Lua error in Module:zh/templates at line 32: This template has been deprecated. Please use Template:col3 instead.
Etymology 6
| trad. | 呢 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 呢 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: nǐ
- Wade–Giles: ni3
- Yale: nǐ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nii
- Palladius: ни (ni)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
- sound
- (deprecated template usage) Alternative form of 䛏 (ní).
Etymology 7
| trad. | 呢 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 呢 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄋㄧ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ni
- Wade–Giles: ni1
- Yale: nī
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nhi
- Palladius: ни (ni)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ni⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
- Only used in 唵嘛呢叭咪吽 (ǎn mānī bēimēi hōng).
Etymology 8
| trad. | 呢 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 呢 | |
| alternative forms | 年 哖 | |
Pronunciation
Definitions
- (Southern Min) Used in some question words.
Compounds
Lua error in Module:zh/templates at line 32: This template has been deprecated. Please use Template:col3 instead.
Japanese
Kanji
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Readings
Korean
Hanja
呢 (eum 니 (ni))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese
Han character
呢: Hán Nôm readings: ni, nài, nấy, nê, nỉ, nì, này
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Cantonese terms with usage examples
- Wu terms with quotations
- Shanghainese Wu
- Chinese terms derived from French
- Literary Chinese terms with usage examples
- Cantonese lemmas
- Cantonese hanzi
- Chinese particles
- Cantonese particles
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 呢
- Cantonese Chinese
- Chinese interjections
- Cantonese interjections
- Cantonese terms with quotations
- Cantonese terms borrowed from English
- Cantonese terms derived from English
- Chinese nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hong Kong Cantonese
- zh:Gaming
- Mandarin lemmas
- Mandarin hanzi
- Mandarin nouns
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Hokkien hanzi
- Teochew hanzi
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Southern Min Chinese
- Beginning Mandarin
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese hyōgai kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading に
- Japanese kanji with goon reading ねい
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading じ
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading ぢ
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading でい
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters