hangen

See also: hängen and Hängen

Dutch

Etymology

From a merger of two distinct verbs:

• Middle Dutch haen, from Old Dutch hān, from Proto-Germanic *hanhaną (transitive, strong class 7).
• Middle Dutch hangen, from Old Dutch hangon, from Proto-Germanic *hangāną (intransitive, weak class 3).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɦɑŋə(n)/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: han‧gen
• Rhymes: -ɑŋən

Verb

hangen

1. (intransitive) to hang

   Het schilderij hangt aan de muur.

   The painting hangs on the wall.

2. (transitive) to hang

   Hij hangt het schilderij aan de muur.

   He hangs the painting on the wall.

Inflection

Conjugation of hangen (strong class 7)
infinitive	hangen
past singular	hing
past participle	gehangen
infinitive	hangen
gerund	hangen n
	present tense	past tense
1st person singular	hang	hing
2nd person sing. (jij)	hangt, hang2	hing
2nd person sing. (u)	hangt	hing
2nd person sing. (gij)	hangt	hingt
3rd person singular	hangt	hing
plural	hangen	hingen
subjunctive sing.1	hange	hinge
subjunctive plur.1	hangen	hingen
imperative sing.	hang
imperative plur.1	hangt
participles	hangend	gehangen
1) Archaic. 2) In case of inversion.

Derived terms

• hanger
• aaneenhangen
• aanhangen
• afhangen
• behangen
• bijhangen
• blijven hangen
• buitenhangen
• doorhangen
• hangjongere
• klaarhangen
• loshangen
• neerhangen
• omhangen
• omhooghangen
• omlaaghangen
• openhangen
• ophangen
• overhangen
• rondhangen
• samenhangen
• uithangen
• verhangen
• volhangen
• voorhangen
• weghangen

Descendants

• Afrikaans: hang
• Berbice Creole Dutch: hanggi
• Negerhollands: hang, haṅ
• → Sranan Tongo: anga

Finnish

Nomen

hangen

1. (deprecated template usage) genitive singular of hanki

German

Alternative forms

• hängen

Etymology

From Old High German hangen, from Proto-Germanic *hangāną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /haŋən/
• Rhymes: -aŋn̩
• Hyphenation: han‧gen

Verb

hangen

1. (Switzerland, intransitive) to hang
   • 1843, Brothers Grimm, “Die Gänsemagd”, in Kinder- und Haus-Märchen, Band 2‎^[1], 5th edition, page 18:

     „o du Falada, da du hangest,“
     da antwortete der Kopf
     „o du Jungfer Königin, da du gangest,
     wenn das deine Mutter wüßte,
     ihr Herz thät ihr zerspringen.“

     "Falada, Falada, there thou art hanging!"
     and the head answered,
     "Bride, bride, there thou art ganging!
     Alas! alas! if thy mother knew it,
     Sadly, sadly her heart would rue it."

2. (Switzerland, transitive) to hang

Derived terms

• mit Hangen und Bangen (“with great fear”)

Further reading

• “hangen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
• “hangen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
• “hangen” in Duden online
• “hangen” in OpenThesaurus.de

Low German

Etymology

From Old Saxon hāhan, from Proto-Germanic *hanhaną. See also hängen.

Verb

hangen (third-person singular simple present hangt, past tense hung, past participle hungen or hangen, auxiliary verb hebben)

1. (intransitive) to hang; to be suspended

   An wat hangen.

   To hang from something.

2. (intransitive) to stick; to cling
3. (intransitive, figuratively, with an) to be fond of, to feel strongly about

   Bochum ik hang an di.

   Bochum, I'm fond of you.

   # (transitive) to hang

4. (transitive) to hang (something); to suspend (hängen is usually preferred in this sense)
5. (transitive) to hang (someone), e.g. for a crime (hängen is usually preferred in this sense)

Usage notes

Hangen has a doublet with nearly the same meaning and usage, hängen. However, hangen is usually preferred in its intransitive meaning, while hängen is more commonly used as a transitive verb.

The weak past participle hangt is sometimes found instead of the more common forms hungen and hangen.

Conjugation

Conjugation of hangen (class 7 strong verb)

infinitive	hangen
indicative	present	preterite
1st person singular	hang	hung
2nd person singular	hangs(t)	hungs(t)
3rd person singular	hang(t)	hung
plural	hangt, hangen	hungen
imperative	present	—
singular	hang
plural	hangt
participle	present	past
	hangen	(e)hungen/hangen, gehungen/hangen
Note: This conjugation is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects.

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From a merger of two distinct verbs:

• Earlier hâen, from Old Dutch hān, from Proto-Germanic *hanhaną (transitive, strong class 7).
• From Old Dutch hangon, from Proto-Germanic *hangāną (intransitive, weak class 3).

Verb

hangen

1. to hang (up)
2. to hang, to be hanging
3. to hang (on gallows)
4. to be hanged (on gallows)

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Alternative forms

• hâen

Descendants

• Dutch: hangen
  • Afrikaans: hang
  • Berbice Creole Dutch: hanggi
  • Negerhollands: hang, haṅ
  • → Sranan Tongo: anga
• Limburgish: hange

Further reading

• “hanghen (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “hangen”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “haen”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page haen

Middle English

Alternative forms

• hongen

Etymology

Originally two distinct verbs:

• Old English hangian, from Proto-West Germanic *hangēn, from Proto-Germanic *hangāną.
• Old English hōn, from Proto-West Germanic *hą̄han, from Proto-Germanic *hanhaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhanɡən/, /ˈhaːnɡən/, /ˈhɔnɡən/, /ˈhɔːnɡən/

Verb

hangen

1. to hang

Conjugation

Conjugation of hangen (strong class 7 or weak in -ed)

infinitive	(to) hangen, hange
	present tense	past tense
1st-person singular	hange	heng, hanged
2nd-person singular	hangest	henge, heng, hangedest
3rd-person singular	hangeth	heng, hanged
subjunctive singular	hange	henge1, hanged1
imperative singular		—
plural2	hangen, hange	hengen, henge, hangeden, hangede
imperative plural	hangeth, hange	—
participles	hangynge, hangende	hangen, hange, hanged, yhanged

¹Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
²Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

Descendants

• English: hang
• Yola: ung (preterite)

References

• “hō̆ngen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hangāną.

Verb

hangēn

1. (intransitive) to hang
2. (transitive) to hang

Conjugation

Conjugation of hangēn (weak class 3)

infinitive	hangēn
indicative	present	past
1st person singular	hangēm, hangēn	hangēta
2nd person singular	hangēs, hangēst	hangētōs, hangētōst
3rd person singular	hangēt	hangēta
1st person plural	hangēm, hangēmēs	hangētum, hangētumēs
2nd person plural	hangēt	hangētut
3rd person plural	hangēnt	hangētun
subjunctive	present	past
1st person singular	hange	hangēti
2nd person singular	hangēs, hangēst	hangētīs, hangētīst
3rd person singular	hange	hangēti
1st person plural	hangēm, hangēmēs	hangētīm, hangētīmēs
2nd person plural	hangēt	hangētīt
3rd person plural	hangēn	hangētīn
imperative	present
singular	hange
plural	hangēt
participle	present	past
	hangēnti	gihangēt

Descendants

• Middle High German: hangen
  • German: hängen (merger with hāhen and hengen)
  • Switzerland German: hangen
  • >? Cimbrian: hangan

Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhaŋɛn/
  • IPA^(key): /ˈhaŋan/
• IPA^(key): /ˈhaŋɛn/

Nomen

hangen

1. h-prothesized form of angen

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	h-prothesis
angen	unchanged	unchanged	hangen
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.