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====Translations====
====Translations====
{{trans-top|to move quickly on two feet}}{{multitrans|data=
{{trans-top|to move quickly on two feet}}{{multitrans|data=
* Abkhaz: {{t-needed|ab}}
* Abkhaz: {{t|ab|ара}}
* Afar: {{tt|aa|erde}}
* Afar: {{tt|aa|erde}}
* Albanian: {{tt+|sq|vrapoj}}
* Albanian: {{tt+|sq|vrapoj}}

Revision as of 08:06, 28 March 2023

See also: ruń, rún, rùn, Rún, rǔn, r'un, and rûn

Translingual

Symbol

run

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Kirundi.

Englisch

 Run on Wikipedia

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle English runnen, rennen (“to run”), alteration (due to the past participle runne, runnen, yronne) of Middle English rinnen (“to run”), from Old English rinnan, iernan (“to run”) and Old Norse rinna (“to run”), both from Proto-Germanic *rinnaną (“to run”) (compare also *rannijaną (“to make run”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH- (“to boil, churn”).

Cognate with Scots rin (“to run”), West Frisian rinne (“to walk, march”), Dutch rennen (“to run, race”), Alemannic German ränne (“to run”), German rennen (“to run, race”), rinnen (“to flow”), Rhein, Danish rende (“to run”), Swedish ränna (“to run”), Icelandic renna (“to flow”). Non-Germanic cognates include Albanian rend (“to run, run after”). See random.

Pronunciation

  • Lua error in Module:parameters at line 331: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "US" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /ɹʌn/
  • Lua error in Module:parameters at line 331: Parameter 1 should be a valid language or etymology language code; the value "North England" is not valid. See WT:LOL and WT:LOL/E. IPA(key): /ɹʊn/
  • Audio (US):(file)
  • Audio:(file)
  • Audio (AU):(file)
  • Rhymes: -ʌn

Verb

A runner running (sense 1.4)
Women running (sense 1.4) in a 100-meter foot race

run (third-person singular simple present runs, present participle running, simple past ran, past participle run)

  1. To move swiftly.
    1. (intransitive) To move forward quickly upon two feet by alternately making a short jump off either foot. (Compare walk.)
      Run, Sarah, run!
      • 1967, Barbara Sleigh, Jessamy, 1993 edition, Sevenoaks, Kent: Bloomsbury, →ISBN, page 122:
        Through the open front door ran Jessamy, down the steps to where Kitto was sitting at the bottom with the pram beside him.
      • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:run.
    2. (intransitive) To go at a fast pace; to move quickly.
      The horse ran the length of the track.
      I have been running all over the building looking for him.
      Sorry, I've got to run; my house is on fire.
    3. (transitive) To cause to move quickly oder lightly.
      Every day I run my dog across the field and back.
      I'll just run the vacuum cleaner over the carpet.
      Run your fingers through my hair.
    5. (transitive or intransitive) To compete in a race.
      The horse will run the Preakness next year.
      I'm not ready to run a marathon.
    6. (transitive) To transport someone or something, notionally at a brisk pace.
      Could you run me over to the store?
      Please run this report upstairs to director's office.
    7. (transitive, intransitive) Of a means of transportation: to travel (a route).
      the bus (train, plane, ferry boat, etc) runs between Newport and Riverside
      • 1997, Karl-Heinz Reger, Nelles Verlag Staff, Malaysia - Singapore - Brunei, Hunter Publishing, Inc, →ISBN, page 91:
        Small planes run between Alor and Langkawi. BUS: Express busses leave the bus terminal on the corner of Jl. Langgar and Jl. Stesyen for K. Kedah,  […]
      • 2013 April 15, Mary Ann Sternberg, Along the River Road: Past and Present on Louisiana's Historic Byway, LSU Press, →ISBN, page 62:
        The first steam ferry or tug, the Little Minnie, ran the river in the 1870s. When vehicles were to cross, a barge was affixed to the Minnie to carry them. The Bella Israel, a successor to the Little Minnie, sank in 1894 and 62 Along the […]
    8. (transitive) To transit a length of a river, as in whitewater rafting.
      • 1979, United States. Forest Service. Rocky Mountain Region, Piedra River: Final Environmental Impact Statement & Wild & Scenic River Study, page 74:
        To put it frankly, if you people had to hire others to run the river and survey it for you, if, in short, you can't even run it yourself, why do think you can decide who is and who is not competent? River running, as has been […]
    9. (intransitive) Of fish, to migrate for spawning.
    10. (American football, transitive or intransitive) To carry (a football) down the field, as opposed to passing or kicking.
      • 2019 December 29, Chad Finn, “24 thoughts on the Patriots’ loss to the Dolphins”, in Boston Globe‎[2]:
        Then, on their second possession, Isaiah Ford ran for 11 yards after abandoning a flea flicker. [...] The Patriots ran the ball just 27 times despite averaging 5 yards per carry.
    11. (transitive) To achieve or perform by running or as if by running.
      The horse ran a great race.
    12. (intransitive) To flee from a danger or towards help.
      Whenever things get tough, she cuts and runs.
      When he's broke, he runs to me for money.
    13. (figurative, transitive) To pass (without stopping), typically a stop signal, stop sign, oder duty to yield the right of way.
      If you have a collision with a vehicle oncoming from the right, after having run priority to the right, you are at fault.
    14. (transitive, juggling, colloquial) To juggle a pattern continuously, as opposed to starting and stopping quickly.
  2. (fluids) To flow.
    1. (intransitive) Of a liquid, to flow.
      The river runs through the forest.
      There's blood running down your leg.
    2. (intransitive, figuratively) To move or spread quickly.
      There's a strange story running around the neighborhood.
      The flu is running through my daughter's kindergarten.
    3. (intransitive) Of an object, to have a liquid flowing from it.
      Your nose is running.
      Why is the hose still running?
    4. (transitive) To make a liquid flow; to make liquid flow from or into an object.
      You'll have to run the water a while before it gets hot.
      Could you run a bath for me, please?
    5. (intransitive) To become liquid; to melt.
      • 1717 [a. 18 A.D.], Ovid, translated by Joseph Addison, Ovid's Metamorphoses in fifteen books. Translated by the most eminent hands. Adorn'd with sculptures‎[3], Book the Third, The Story of Narcissus, page 92:
        As Wax dissolves, as Ice begins to run,
      • 1729, John Woodward, An Attempt Towards a Natural History of the Fossils of England, Tome I, page 223:
        The Sussex ores run pretty freely in the Fire for Iron-Ores; otherwise they would hardly be worth working.
    6. (intransitive) To leak oder spread in an undesirable fashion; to bleed (especially used of dye oder paint).
      During washing, the red from the rug ran onto the white sheet, staining it pink.
    7. To fuse; to shape; to mould; to cast.
      to run bullets
      • 1718, Henry Felton, A Dissertation on Reading the Classics, and Forming a Just Style‎[4], page 6:
        But, my Lord, the fairest Diamonds are rough till they are polished, and the purest Gold must be run and washed, and sifted in the Oar.
  3. (nautical, of a vessel) To sail before the wind, in distinction from reaching or sailing close-hauled.
  4. (transitive) To control oder manage, be in charge of.
    My uncle ran a corner store for forty years.
    She runs the fundraising.
    My parents think they run my life.
    He is running the candidate's expensive campaign.
    • 1972 December 29, Richard Schickel, “Masterpieces underrated and overlooked”, in Life, volume 73, number 25, page 22:
      A friend of mine who runs an intellectual magazine was grousing about his movie critic, complaining that though the fellow had liked The Godfather (page 58), he had neglected to label it clearly as a masterpiece.
    • 2013 May 11, “What a waste”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8835, page 12:
      India is run by gerontocrats and epigones: grey hairs and groomed heirs.
    • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:run.
  5. (intransitive) To be a candidate in an election.
    I have decided to run for governor of California.
    We're trying to find somebody to run against him next year.
  6. To make participate in certain kinds of competitions
    1. (transitive) To make run in a race.
      He ran his best horse in the Derby.
    2. (transitive) To make run in an election.
      The Green Party is running twenty candidates in this election.
  7. To exert continuous activity; to proceed.
    to run through life; to run in a circle
  8. (intransitive) To be presented in the media.
    The story will run on the 6-o'clock news.
    The latest Robin Williams movie is running at the Silver City theatre.
    Her picture ran on the front page of the newspaper.
  9. (transitive) To print oder broadcast in the media.
    run a story; run an ad
  10. (transitive) To smuggle (illegal goods).
    to run guns; to run rum
    • 1728, Jonathan Swift, “An answer to a paper, called A memorial of the poor inhabitants, tradesmen, and labourers of the kingdom of Ireland”, in The Works of Dr. Jonathan Swift, published 1757, page 175:
      [...]whereas in the business of laying heavy impositions two and two never made more than one ; which happens by lessening the import, and the strong temptation of running such goods as paid high duties
  11. (transitive, agriculture) To sort through a large volume of produce in quality control.
    Looks like we're gonna have to run the tomatoes again.
  12. To extend or persist, statically or dynamically, through space or time.
    1. (intransitive) To extend in space or through a range (often with a measure phrase).
      The border runs for 3000 miles.
      The leash runs along a wire.
      The grain of the wood runs to the right on this table.
      It ran in quality from excellent to substandard.
    2. (intransitive) To extend in time, to last, to continue (usually with a measure phrase).
      The sale will run for ten days.
      The contract runs through 2008.
      The meeting ran late.
      The book runs 655 pages.
      The speech runs as follows: …
    3. (transitive) To make something extend in space.
      I need to run this wire along the wall.
    4. (intransitive) Of a machine, including computer programs, to be operating oder working normally.
      My car stopped running.
      That computer runs twenty-four hours a day.
      Buses don't run here on Sunday.
    5. (transitive) To make a machine operate.
      It's full. You can run the dishwasher now.
      Don't run the engine so fast.
  13. (transitive) To execute oder carry out a plan, procedure, oder program.
    They ran twenty blood tests on me and they still don't know what's wrong.
    Our coach had us running plays for the whole practice.
    I will run the sample.
    Don't run that software unless you have permission.
    My computer is too old to run the new OS.
  14. To pass or go quickly in thought or conversation.
    to run from one subject to another
    • 1697, Joseph Addison, “An essay on the Georgics”, in The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Aeneis‎[5], by John Dryden:
      Virgil was so well acquainted with this Secret, that to set off his first Georgic, he has run into a set of Precepts, which are almost foreign to his Subject,
  15. (copulative) To become different in a way mentioned (usually to become worse).
    Our supplies are running low.
    They frequently overspent and soon ran into debt.
    • 1712, Joseph Addison, Cato, a Tragedy, Act IV, scene i:
      Have I not cause to rave, and beat my breast, / To rend my heart with grief and run distracted?
    • 1968, Paul Simon, The Boxer (song)
      I was no more than a boy / In the company of strangers / In the quiet of the railway station / Running scared.
    • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:run.
  16. (transitive) To cost a large amount of money.
    Buying a new laptop will run you a thousand dollars.
    Laptops run about a thousand dollars apiece.
  17. (intransitive) Of stitches or stitched clothing, to unravel.
    My stocking is running.
  18. To pursue in thought; to carry in contemplation.
    • 1692, Robert South, “Discourse I. The creation of man in God’s image”, in Discourses on Various Subjects and Occasions‎[6], published 1827, page 1:
      To run the world back to its first original and infancy, and, as it were, to view nature in its cradle,
    • 1695, Jeremy Collier, “A Thought”, in Miscellanies upon Moral Subjects by Jeremy Collier‎[7], page 88:
      Methinks, if it might be, I would gladly understand the Formation of a Soul, run it up to its Punctum Saliens, and see it beat the first conscious Pulse.
  19. To cause to enter; to thrust.
    to run a sword into or through the body; to run a nail into one's foot
    • 1814, Sir Walter Scott, Waverley:
      “You run your head into the lion's mouth,” answered Mac-Ivor.
    • 1844, Charles Dickens, The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit:
      With that he took off his great-coat, and having run his fingers through his hair, thrust one hand gently in the bosom of his waistcoat
    • 1977, Agatha Christie, chapter 4, in An Autobiography, part II, London: Collins, →ISBN:
      There was also hairdressing: hairdressing, too, really was hairdressing in those times — no running a comb through it and that was that. It was curled, frizzed, waved, put in curlers overnight, waved with hot tongs; […].
    • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:run.
  20. To drive or force; to cause, or permit, to be driven.
    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Acts 27:41:
      They ran the ship aground.
    • 1691, John Ray, The Wisdom of God Manifested in the Works of the Creation:
      [...]besides all this, a talkative person must needs be impertinent, and speak many idle words, and so render himself burdensome and odious to Company, and may perchance run himself upon great Inconveniences, by blabbing out his own or other’s Secrets;
    • 1706, John Locke, Of the Conduct of the Understanding‎[8], Section 24. Partiality:
      [...]and others, accustomed to retired speculations, run natural philosophy into metaphysical notions and the abstract generalities of logic ;
  21. To cause to be drawn; to mark out; to indicate; to determine.
    to run a line
  22. To encounter or incur (a danger or risk).
    to run the risk of losing one's life
  23. To put at hazard; to venture; to risk.
  24. To tease with sarcasms and ridicule.
  25. To sew (a seam) by passing the needle through material in a continuous line, generally taking a series of stitches on the needle at the same time.
  26. To control or have precedence in a card game.
    Every three or four hands he would run the table.
  27. To be in form thus, as a combination of words.
    • Lua error in Module:quote at line 896: |origdate= should contain a full date (year, month, day of month); use |origyear= for year
    • 1922, Ben Travers, chapter 5, in A Cuckoo in the Nest‎[9]:
      The departure was not unduly prolonged. In the road Mr. Love and the driver favoured the company with a brief chanty running: “Got it?—No, I ain't, 'old on,—Got it? Got it?—No, 'old on sir.”
    • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:run.
  28. (archaic) To be popularly known; to be generally received.
    • c. 1685, William Temple, Upon the Gardens of Epicurus‎[10], published 1908, page 27:
      [...]great captains, and even consular men, who first brought them over, took pride in giving them their own names (by which they run a great while in Rome)
    • 1603, Richard Knolles, The Generall Historie of the Turkes, […], London: […] Adam Islip, →OCLC:
      Neither was he ignorant what report ran of himselfe.
  29. To have growth or development.
    Boys and girls run up rapidly.
    • 1707, J[ohn] Mortimer, The Whole Art of Husbandry; or, The Way of Managing and Improving of Land. […], London: […] J[ohn] H[umphreys] for H[enry] Mortlock […], and J[onathan] Robinson […], →OCLC:
      or the Richness of the Ground cause them [turnips] to run too much to Leaves
  30. To tend, as to an effect or consequence; to incline.
    • 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Nature in Men”, in The Essayes […], 3rd edition, London: […] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC:
      A man's nature runs either to herbs or weeds.
    • 1708, Jonathan Swift, “The Sentiments of a Church-of-England Man with respect to Religion and Government”, in The Works of Dr. Jonathan Swift, published 1757, page 235:
      It hath been observed, that the temperate climates usually run into moderate governments, and the extremes into despotic power.
  31. To have a legal course; to be attached; to continue in force, effect, or operation; to follow; to go in company.
    Certain covenants run with the land.
    • c. 1665, Josiah Child, Discourse on Trade
      Customs run only upon our goods imported or exported, and that but once for all; whereas interest runs as well upon our ships as goods, and must be yearly paid.
  32. To encounter oder suffer (a particular, usually bad, fate oder misfortune).
  33. (golf) To strike (the ball) in such a way as to cause it to run along the ground, as when approaching a hole.
  34. (video games, rare) To speedrun.

Conjugation

Conjugation of run
infinitive (to) run
present tense past tense
1st-person singular run ran
2nd-person singular run, runnest† ran, ranst†, rannest†
3rd-person singular runs, runneth† ran
plural run
subjunctive run ran
imperative run —
participles running run

†Archaic or obsolete.

Derived terms

single words and compounds

Translations

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