間
|
Translingual
Stroke order | |||
---|---|---|---|
Han character
間 (Kangxi radical 169, 門+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 日弓日 (ANA), four-corner 77607, composition ⿵門日)
Derived characters
- 僴, 𭂠, 墹, 𡢃(㛠), 𡼏, 𢢀(𫺒), 𢵧, 澗(涧), 𣊺, 𬛖, 橺, 𭮣, 𤏐(𭴳), 𤩎, 瞷(𬑗), 磵, 𥼴, 𦅘, 𦗬, 𧒄, 襇(裥), 𧢑, 𧬘, 𧯑, 𨅍(𨁴), 𨣉(𬪫), 鐧(锏), 𩻾, 𪙨, 覸, 𩴦, 鷼, 𪪢, 癎, 蕳(𫈉), 簡(简), 鬝, 𪧶
- 㗴 (Exception: Only for Japanese character form which contains ⿰口間. Other regional forms contain ⿰口閒 instead)
Related characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 1333, character 1
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41249
- Dae Jaweon: page 1839, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4288, character 6
- Unihan data for U+9593
Chinese
trad. | 間 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 间 | |
alternative forms | 閒 |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 間 | ||
---|---|---|
Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 門 (“door”) + 日 (“sun”). Originally 閒, moonlight (月) peeking through a door (門) – interstice; space.
Etymology
The two pronunciations are related, with Pronunciation 2 (間 (OC *kreːns)) being the exoactive of Pronunciation 1 (間 (OC *kreːn)).
Related to:
- 隙 (OC *kʰraɡ, “crack; chink”), 澗 (OC *kreːns, *kraːns, “ravine; brook (between mountains)”) (Wang, 1982);
- 閒 (OC *ɡreːn, “lazy; leisure”) (Karlgren, 1957; Baxter, 1992).
Externally, likely related to Mizo kâr (“space between; interval”), Burmese ကြား (kra:, “in-between; interval; interim”), အကြား (a.kra:, “gap; break”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jian1
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җян (ži͡an, III)
- Cantonese
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiên / kiân
- Jin (Wiktionary): jie1
- Northern Min (KCR): gáing
- Eastern Min (BUC): găng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1ke; 1ji
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): gan1 / ga1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jian
- Wade–Giles: chien1
- Yale: jyān
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian
- Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: jian1
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: gian
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiɛn⁵⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җян (ži͡an, III)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕiæ̃⁴⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gaan1
- Yale: gāan
- Cantonese Pinyin: gaan1
- Guangdong Romanization: gan1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaːn⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: gan1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kan³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiên
- Hakka Romanization System: gienˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gian1
- Sinological IPA: /ki̯en²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiân
- Hakka Romanization System: gianˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gian1
- Sinological IPA: /ki̯an²⁴/
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: jie1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕie¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gáing
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaiŋ⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: găng
- Sinological IPA (key): /kaŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng
- Tâi-lô: king
- Phofsit Daibuun: kefng
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kuiⁿ
- Tâi-lô: kuinn
- Phofsit Daibuun: kvuy
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kuĩ³³/
- (Hokkien: Tong'an, Kinmen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kaiⁿ
- Tâi-lô: kainn
- Phofsit Daibuun: kvay
- IPA (Tong'an, Kinmen): /kãi⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
- Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taiwan:
- keng/kuiⁿ/kaiⁿ - vernacular (“room, classifier”);
- kan - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: goin1 / gain1 / gang1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: koiⁿ / kaiⁿ / kang
- Sinological IPA (key): /kõĩ³³/, /kãĩ³³/, /kaŋ³³/
- goin1/gain1 - vernacular (“room, classifier”) (gain1 - Jieyang, Chaoyang);
- gang1 - literary.
- 1ke - vernacular;
- 1ji - literary.
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: gan1 / ga1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kan³³/, /ka̠³³/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: kean
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤre[n]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kreːn/
Definitions
- within a definite time period or place
- among; between
- a moment; a little while; instant
- room; chamber
- section of a room; lateral space between two pairs of pillars
- Classifier for smallest units of housing, such as rooms and shopfronts.
- (chiefly Cantonese) Classifier for buildings in general, including schools, banks, cinemas, hospitals, shops, factories.
- a surname
Synonyms
Compounds
Lua error in Module:zh/templates at line 32: This template has been deprecated. Please use Template:col3 instead.
Pronunciation 2
Lua error in Module:wuu-pron at line 166: Incorrect tone notation "2" for sh. See WT:AZH/Wu.
Definitions
- opening; gap; break
- estrangement; alienation; hostility
- spy; secret agent
- to keep away from; to keep apart
- to separate; to partition
- to alternate; to do something alternately
- to be mixed up with; to be intermingled
- to sow discord
- to blame; to reproach
- intermittently; sometimes
- in secret; clandestinely
Compounds
Lua error in Module:zh/templates at line 32: This template has been deprecated. Please use Template:col3 instead.
Pronunciation 3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jiǎn
- Wade–Giles: chien3
- Yale: jyǎn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jean
- Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
- † Variant pronunciation of the classifier sense.
- † Used in place names.
References
- “間”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- “Entry #9175”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
Kanji
Readings
- Go-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
- Kun: あいだ (aida, 間, Jōyō)、ま (ma, 間, Jōyō)、あい (ai, 間)、あわい (awai, 間)
- Nanori: ちか (chika)
Compounds
References
Etymology 1
Kanji in this term |
---|
間 |
あいだ Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 間 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 間, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 2
Kanji in this term |
---|
間 |
ま Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 間 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 間, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 3
Kanji in this term |
---|
間 |
あい Grade: 2 |
kun'yomi |
For pronunciation and definitions of 間 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
(This term, 間, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
Etymology 4
Kanji in this term |
---|
間 |
かん Grade: 2 |
on'yomi |
From (deprecated template usage) [etyl] Middle Chinese 間/间 (kɛn, “interval”).
Pronunciation
Lua error in Module:parameters at line 828: Parameter "yomi" is not used by this template.
Affix
- space; interval; among; between
- extent; scope
- hidden; invisible
- Alternative spelling of 閑 (kan, “free time”)
Nomen
Suffix
- suffixes some expressions of time to tell duration rather than time or date
- 二時 ― ni-ji ― two (o'clock)
- 二時間 ― ni-jikan ― two hours
- 二時五分 ― ni-ji go-fun ― five past two
- 五分(間) ― go-fun (kan) ― five minutes
- 二日 ― futsuka ― the 2nd (day of the month)
- 二日(間) ― futsuka (kan) ― two days
References
Korean
Hanja
Vietnamese
Han character
間: Hán Nôm readings: gian, dán, gián
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
References
- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han ideogrammic compounds
- Mandarin terms with audio links
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Sichuanese lemmas
- Dungan lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Taishanese lemmas
- Hakka lemmas
- Jin lemmas
- Northern Min lemmas
- Eastern Min lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Teochew lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Xiang lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Mandarin hanzi
- Sichuanese hanzi
- Dungan hanzi
- Cantonese hanzi
- Taishanese hanzi
- Hakka hanzi
- Jin hanzi
- Northern Min hanzi
- Eastern Min hanzi
- Hokkien hanzi
- Teochew hanzi
- Wu hanzi
- Xiang hanzi
- Middle Chinese hanzi
- Old Chinese hanzi
- Chinese postpositions
- Mandarin postpositions
- Sichuanese postpositions
- Dungan postpositions
- Cantonese postpositions
- Taishanese postpositions
- Hakka postpositions
- Jin postpositions
- Northern Min postpositions
- Eastern Min postpositions
- Hokkien postpositions
- Teochew postpositions
- Wu postpositions
- Xiang postpositions
- Middle Chinese postpositions
- Old Chinese postpositions
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Sichuanese nouns
- Dungan nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Taishanese nouns
- Hakka nouns
- Jin nouns
- Northern Min nouns
- Eastern Min nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Teochew nouns
- Wu nouns
- Xiang nouns
- Middle Chinese nouns
- Old Chinese nouns
- Chinese classifiers
- Mandarin classifiers
- Sichuanese classifiers
- Dungan classifiers
- Cantonese classifiers
- Taishanese classifiers
- Hakka classifiers
- Jin classifiers
- Northern Min classifiers
- Eastern Min classifiers
- Hokkien classifiers
- Teochew classifiers
- Wu classifiers
- Xiang classifiers
- Middle Chinese classifiers
- Old Chinese classifiers
- Chinese proper nouns
- Mandarin proper nouns
- Sichuanese proper nouns
- Dungan proper nouns
- Cantonese proper nouns
- Taishanese proper nouns
- Hakka proper nouns
- Jin proper nouns
- Northern Min proper nouns
- Eastern Min proper nouns
- Hokkien proper nouns
- Teochew proper nouns
- Wu proper nouns
- Xiang proper nouns
- Middle Chinese proper nouns
- Old Chinese proper nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 間
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Cantonese Chinese
- Chinese surnames
- Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- Chinese terms with obsolete senses
- Beginning Mandarin
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese second grade kanji
- Japanese kyōiku kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading けん
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading かん
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あいだ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ま
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あい
- Japanese kanji with kun reading あわい
- Japanese kanji with nanori reading ちか
- Japanese terms spelled with 間 read as あいだ
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with 間
- Japanese single-kanji terms
- Japanese terms spelled with 間 read as ま
- Japanese terms spelled with 間 read as あい
- Japanese terms spelled with 間 read as かん
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese affixes
- Japanese terms with multiple readings
- Japanese suffixes
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
- Korean hanja forms
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese Han characters