challenger

See also: Challenger

Englisch

Etymology

challenge +‎ -er

Nomen

challenger (plural challengers)

1. One who challenges.

   One child stood as king of the hill, and tried to withstand the pushes and shoves of his challengers.

Synonyms

• (one who challenges): adversary, combatant, contender, disputer, opponent

Translations

one who challenges

• Bulgarian: предизвикател (bg) m (predizvikatel)
• French: challengeur (fr) m
• German: Herausforderer (de) m, Herausforderin f
• (deprecated template usage) {{trans-mid}}
• Indonesian: penantang (id)
• Romanian: pretendent (ro) m, pretendentă (ro) f, persoană care contestă ceva f
• Spanish: desafiador m

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French

Verb

challenger

1. to challenge

Conjugation

This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written challenge- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a "soft" /ʒ/ and not a "hard" /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.

Conjugation of challenger (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	challenger
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	challengeant /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		challengé /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒe/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	challenge /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ/	challenges /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ/	challenge /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ/	challengeons /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒɔ̃/	challengez /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒe/	challengent /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ/
	imperfect	challengeais /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒɛ/	challengeais /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒɛ/	challengeait /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒɛ/	challengions /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒjɔ̃/	challengiez /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒje/	challengeaient /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒɛ/
	past historic2	challengeai /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒe/	challengeas /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒa/	challengea /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒa/	challengeâmes /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒam/	challengeâtes /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒat/	challengèrent /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒɛʁ/
	future	challengerai /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ.ʁe/	challengeras /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ.ʁa/	challengera /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ.ʁa/	challengerons /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/	challengerez /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ.ʁe/	challengeront /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	challengerais /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/	challengerais /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/	challengerait /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/	challengerions /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/	challengeriez /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒə.ʁje/	challengeraient /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	challenge /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ/	challenges /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ/	challenge /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ/	challengions /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒjɔ̃/	challengiez /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒje/	challengent /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ/
	imperfect2	challengeasse /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒas/	challengeasses /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒas/	challengeât /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒa/	challengeassions /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒa.sjɔ̃/	challengeassiez /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒa.sje/	challengeassent /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		-	tu	-	nous	vous	-
simple		—	challenge /ʃa.lɑ̃ʒ/	—	challengeons /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒɔ̃/	challengez /ʃa.lɑ̃.ʒe/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

• “challenger”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.