于

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See also: 千, 干, 子, 𠂌, チ, 扵, 於, and モ
于 U+4E8E, 于
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E8E
← 亍
[U+4E8D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 亏 →
[U+4E8F]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

于 (Kangxi radical 7, 二+1, 3 strokes, cangjie input 一木 (MD), four-corner 10400, composition ⿱一𬺰 or ⿻二亅 or ⿻丁一)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 86, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 252
  • Dae Jaweon: page 177, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 4, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+4E8E

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 于
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
j11694
j11695
j11696
j11697
j11698
j11699
j11700
j11701
j11702
j11703
j11704
j11705
j11706
j11707
j11708
j11709
j11710
j11711
j11712
j11713
j11714
j11715
j11716
j11717
j11718
j11719
j11720
j11721
j11722
j11723
j11724
j11725
j11726
j11727
j11728
j11729
j11730
j11731
j11732
j11733
j11734
j11735
j11736
j11737
j11738
j11739
j11740
j11741
j11742
j11743
j11744
j11745
j11746
j11747
j11748
j11749
j11750
j11751
j11752
j11753
j11754
j11755
j11756
j11757
j11758
j11759
j11760
j11761
j11762
j11763
j11764
j11765
j11766
j11767
j11768
j11769
j11770
j11771
j11772
j11773
j11774
j11775
j11776
j11777
j11778
j11779
j11780
j11781
j11782
j11783
j11784
j11785
j11786
j11787
j11788
j11789
j11790
j11791
j11792
j11793
j11794
j11795
j11796
j11797
j11798
j11799
j11800
j11801
j11802
j11803
j11804
j11805
j11806
j11807
j11808
j11809
j11810
j11811
j11812
j11813
j11814
j11815
j11816
j11817
j11818
j11819
j11820
j11821
j11822
j11823
j11824
j11825
j11826
j11827
j11828
j11829
j11830
j11831
j11832
j11833
j11834
j11835
j11836
j11837
j11838
j11839
j11840
j11841
j11842
j11843
j11844
j11845
j11846
j11847
j11848
j11849
j11850
j11851
j11852
j11853
j11854
j11855
j11856
j11857
j11858
j11859
j11860
j11861
j11862
j11863
j11864
j11865
j11866
j11867
j11868
j11869
j11870
j11871
j11872
j11873
j11874
j11875
j11876
j11877
j11878
j11879
j11880
j11881
j11882
j11883
j11884
j11885
j11886
j11887
j11888
j11889
j11890
j11891
b07161
b07162
b07163
b07164
b07165
b07166
b07167
b07168
b07169
b07170
b07171
b07172
b07173
b07174
b07175
b07176
b07177
b07178
b07179
b07180
b07181
b07182
b07183
b07184
b07185
b07186
b07187
b07188
b07189
b07190
b07191
b07192
b07193
b07194
b07195
b07196
b07197
b07198
b07199
b07200
b07201
b07202
b07203
b07204
b07205
b07206
b07207
b07208
b07209
b07210
b07211
b07212
b07214
b07215
b07217
b07218
b07219
b07220
b07222
b07223
b07224
b07226
b07227
b07228
b07229
b07230
b07231
b07233
b07234
b07235
b07236
b07237
b07238
b07239
b07240
b07241
b07242
s03515
Transcribed ancient scripts
L30498
L30499
L30500
L30501
L30502
L02603
L02604
L02605
L02606
L02607
L02608
L02609
L02610
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (于) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
侉 *qaːls
夸 *kʰʷraː
姱 *kʰʷraː
胯 *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs
跨 *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːʔ, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs
誇 *kʰʷraː
垮 *kʰʷraːʔ
銙 *kʰʷraːʔ
骻 *kʰʷraːʔ
咵 *kʰʷraːʔ
釫 *ɢʷraː, *qʷaː
摦 *ɡʷraːs
鮬 *pɢʷaː, *kʰʷaː
嶀 *qʰʷl'aː
扝 *kʰʷaː, *qʷaː
刳 *kʰʷaː
郀 *kʰʷaː
挎 *kʰʷaː
袴 *kʰʷaːs
絝 *kʰʷaːs
褲 *kʰʷaːs
恗 *qʰaː
洿 *ɡʷaːʔ, *qʷaː
瓠 *ɡʷlaː, *ɡʷlaːs
鄠 *ɢʷlaːʔ
污 *qʷaː, *qʷaːs
杇 *qʷaː
圬 *qʷaː
鴮 *qʷaː
盓 *qʷaː
汙 *qʷaːs, *ɢʷa
樗 *qʰʷl'a
摴 *qʰʷl'a
荂 *pqʰʷa, *qʰʷa
雩 *qʰʷla, *ɢʷla
吁 *qʰʷa, *ɢʷas
盱 *qʰʷa
訏 *qʰʷa
扜 *qʰʷa, *qʷa
旴 *qʰʷa
冔 *qʰʷaʔ
紆 *qʷa
陓 *qʷa
迂 *qʷa, *qʷaʔ, *ɢʷa
虶 *qʷa
于 *ɢʷa
盂 *ɢʷa
竽 *ɢʷa
邘 *ɢʷa
玗 *ɢʷa
芋 *ɢʷa, *ɢʷas
杅 *ɢʷa
釪 *ɢʷa
骬 *ɢʷa
謣 *ɢʷla
宇 *ɢʷaʔ

Pictogram (象形) . Two possibilities for the object of representation are:

  • An ancient wind instrument; early form of 竽 (OC *ɢʷa). This view is supported by mainstream palaeography.
  • Exhaled air; early form of 吁 (OC *qʰʷa, *ɢʷas, “to sigh”). Shuowen considers it to be an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 一 (“flat stream of air”) + 丂 (“to exhale”). Compare 乎, 兮, 号.

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-wa-ŋ (“to go; to come”). Related to 往 (OC *ɢʷaŋ, “to go to, to, towards”). Merged with 於 (OC *qaː, *qa) by the classical times. It is now used as the simplified form in Mainland China.

Definitions

For pronunciation and definitions of 于 – see 於 (“in; at; on; with; on; etc.”).
(This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 於).
Notes:

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.
 于
alternative forms 丂 ancient
亏 ancient
亐 ancient

Pronunciation

Note: jyu4 - dated.
Rime
Character 于
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 虞 (24)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 羽俱切
Baxter hju
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦɨo/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦio/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣio/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦuə̆/
Li
Rong 		/ɣio/
Wang
Li 		/ɣĭu/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/i̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yú
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jyu4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 于 于
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yú yú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hju › ‹ hju ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷ(r)a/ /*ɦʷa/ (< *ɢʷ(r)a)
English go; at 單于 chányú: Xiōngnú ruler (W. Hàn)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 于
Reading # 1/1
No. 15706
Phonetic
component 		于
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		于
Old
Chinese 		/*ɢʷa/
Notes 王筠雲籲初文

Definitions

于

  1. a surname
    于禁  ―  Yú Jìn  ―  Yu Jin (Chinese military general serving under the warlord Cao Cao in the late Eastern Han dynasty)
  2. Used in several names and proper nouns.
    單于／单于  ―  chányú  ―  chief of the Xiongnu; a Chinese surname
    淳于  ―  Chúnyú  ―  a Chinese surname

Usage notes

The surname 于 is to be distinguished from another surname 於. The surname 於 is still 於 in simplified Chinese.

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.
 于

Pronunciation

Definitions

于

  1. † Alternative form of 迂 (yū, “large; vast; wide”)

Etymology 4

simp. and trad.
 于

Pronunciation

Definitions

于

  1. † Alternative form of 吁 (interjection).Only used in 于嗟 (xūjiē) and 于咨.

Compounds

Japanese

Kanji

于

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Korean

Hanja

于 (eum 우 (u))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

于: Hán Nôm readings: vu, vo, vò

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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