się
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See also: Appendix:Variations of "sie"
Old Polish
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sę, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sen, from Proto-Indo-European *swé. First attested in the 14th century.
Pronunciation
Pronoun
się
- reflexive pronoun; oneself, self
- (in the, dative) used for emphasis; now
- each other, one another
- one's own home
Declension
Declension of się
Descendants
References
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “siebie, sobie, sobą”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish się.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɕɛ/
- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈɕɛ̃/
Audio 1: (file) Audio 2: (file) Audio 3: (file) Audio 4: (file) - Rhymes: -ɛ
- Syllabification: się
Pronoun
się (genitive and accusative cases)
- reflexive pronoun; oneself, self
- each other, one another
- one's own home
- Wracam do siebie ― I'm going back to my place.
Declension
Declension of -
Alternative forms
Particle
się
- used to form impersonal present or future tense
- Robi się późno. ― It's getting late.
- Mówi się, że... ― It is said that...
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), się is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 1569 times in scientific texts, 1321 times in news, 1287 times in essays, 2614 times in fiction, and 2511 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 9302 times, making it the 4th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References
Further reading
- się in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- się in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “się”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Aleksandra Wieczorek (21.11.2018) “SIĘ”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century]
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “się”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “się”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1915), “się”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 6, Warsaw, page 110
Kategorien:
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish pronouns
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Polish/ɛ
- Rhymes:Polish/ɛ/1 syllable
- Polish lemmas
- Polish pronouns
- Polish terms with usage examples
- Polish particles