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{{otros usos|USS Connecticut|otros buques con el mismo nombre}} |
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{{Ficha de barco |
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|nombre = USS Connecticut |
|nombre = USS Connecticut |
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|puerto_de_registro = |
|puerto_de_registro = |
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|autorizado = {{fecha|1|7|1902}}<ref name="Friedman44">Friedman (1985), p. 46</ref><!--"Authorized" on is the same thing, right?--> |
|autorizado = {{fecha|1|7|1902}}<ref name="Friedman44">Friedman (1985), p. 46</ref><!--"Authorized" on is the same thing, right?--> |
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| Ship awarded = 15 |
| Ship awarded = 15 de octubre de 1902<ref name=NVR>{{cita web|url=http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/BB18.htm|editorial=Naval Vessel Register|fechaacceso=6 de febrero de 2009|título=Connecticut (BB-18)|urlarchivo=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605230346/http://www.nvr.navy.mil/nvrships/details/BB18.htm|fechaarchivo=5 de junio de 2011}}</ref> |
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|iniciado = El {{fecha|10|3|1903}} |
|iniciado = El {{fecha|10|3|1903}} (puesta en grada) |
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|botado = {{fecha|29|9|1904}} |
|botado = {{fecha|29|9|1904}} |
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|asignado = {{fecha|29|9|1906}} |
|asignado = {{fecha|29|9|1906}} |
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El '''USS ''Connecticut'' (BB-18)''' fue un acorazado de la [[Cuarta Flota de los Estados Unidos|Cuarta Flota]] de la [[Armada de los Estados Unidos]], que recibía su nombre en honor al estado de [[Connecticut]], siendo el primero de los seis de su [[clase Connecticut|clase]]. Su [[Casco (náutica)|casco]] fue botado el {{fecha|10|3|1903}} y se terminó su construcción el {{fecha|29|9|1904}}. Recibió sus primeras órdenes el {{fecha|29|9|1906}}, siendo el buque de guerra más avanzado en ese momento hasta la entrada en servicio dos meses después del {{HMS|Dreadnought|1906}}. |
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El ''Connecticut'' sirvió como [[buque insignia]] en la [[Exposición de Jamestown]] a mediados de 1907, la cual conmemoraba el 300.º aniversario de la fundación de la colonia de [[Jamestown, Virginia|Jamestown]]. Posteriormente navegó con la [[Gran Flota Blanca]] en un viaje de circunnavegación para mostrar la vocación de la Armada de los Estados Unidos de convertirse en una «armada de aguas azules». Tras completar su servicio en la gran flota blanca, el ''Connecticut'' participó en varias operaciones navales para mostrar pabellón, incluida la protección de intereses de ciudadanos estadounidenses en el extranjero. También participó en el transporte de las tropas estadounidenses en su retorno a los Estados Unidos tras la finalización de la Primera Guerra Mundial. |
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El '''USS ''Connecticut'' (BB-18)''', fue un acorazado de la [[Cuarta Flota de los Estados Unidos|Cuarta flota]] de la [[Armada de los Estados Unidos]], que recibía su nombre en honor al estado de [[Connecticut]], fue el primero de los seis de su [[clase Connecticut|clase]]. Su [[Casco (náutica)|casco]] fue botado el {{fecha|10|3|1903}} y se terminó su construcción el {{fecha|29|9|1904}}. Recibió sus primeras órdenes el {{fecha|29|9|1906}}, siendo el buque de guerra más avanzado en ese momento hasta la entrada en servicio dos meses después del {{HMS|Dreadnought|1906}}. |
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Durante el resto de su existencia, el ''Connecticut'' navegó prestando diferentes servicios, tanto en el [[Atlántico]] como en el [[Pacífico]], y sirvió como [[buque escuela]] a los nuevos reclutas de la ''U.S. Navy''. Sin embargo, a tenor de las disposiciones del [[tratado naval de Washington]] de 1922 se establecía la desaparición de un número importante de [[buque capital|buques capitales]], y dada su obsolescencia, el ''Connecticut'' fue uno de ellos, por lo que fue dado de baja el {{fecha|1|3|1922}} y fue vendido como [[chatarra]] el 1 de noviembre de 1923. |
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El ''Connecticut'' sirvió como [[buque insignia]] en la [[Exposición de Jamestown]] a mediados de 1907, la cual conmemoraba el 300.º aniversario de la fundación de la colonia de [[Jamestown, Virginia|Jamestown]]. Posteriormente navegó con la [[Gran Flota Blanca]] en un viaje de circunavegación para mostrar la vocación de la Armada de los Estados Unidos de convertirse en una «armada de aguas azules». Tras completar su servicio en la gran flota blanca, el ''Connecticut'' participó en varias operaciones navales para mostrar pabellón, incluida la protección de intereses de ciudadanos estadounidenses en el extranjero. También participó en el transporte de las tropas estadounidenses en su retorno a los Estados Unidos tras la finalización de la Primera Guerra Mundial. |
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== Contexto histórico == |
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Durante el resto de su existencia, el ''Connecticut'' navegó prestando diferentes servicios, tanto en el [[Atlántico]] como en el [[Pacífico]], y sirvió como [[buque escuela]] a los nuevos reclutas de la ''U.S. Navy''. Sin embargo, entre las disposiciones del [[Tratado naval de Washington]] de 1922 se establecía la desaparición de un número importante de [[buque capital|buques capitales]], y su obsolescencia, el ''Connecticut'' fue uno de ellos, por lo que fue dado de baja el {{fecha|1|3|1922}} y se vendió como [[chatarra]] el 1 de noviembre de 1923. |
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El final del {{siglo|XIX||s}} estuvo marcado por numerosos conflictos provocados en gran parte por el [[expansionismo]] norteamericano. Los intereses del país por [[ultramar]] se centran principalmente en el [[Océano Pacífico]] y [[Latinoamérica]]; es de ese modo que las [[islas Samoa]] primero y [[Hawái]] después, quedan bajo el control estadounidense. Tras la [[guerra hispano-estadounidense]] en la que su marina se enfrentaría a la [[Armada Española]] con éxito, numerosos territorios quedarían bajo el control norteamericano en el [[tratado de París (1898)]]: [[Cuba]], [[Filipinas]], [[Puerto Rico]] y la isla de [[Guam]]. Esta situación empujó a la US Navy a un amplio programa de construcción para poder asumir la protección de todos estos nuevos territorios. |
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[[Archivo:12-45 mk5 Connecticut gun pic.jpg|thumb|Montaje de uno de los cañones de 305 mm (12 pulgadas) del ''USS Connecticut (BB-18'') en el astillero naval de Nueva York el 31 de enero de 1906.]] |
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== Diseño == |
== Diseño == |
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El diseño que se convirtió en el acorazado Connecticut se concibió el 6 de marzo de 1901 cuando el [[Secretario de la Armada de los Estados Unidos]] [[John Davis Long]] solicitó al Departamento de Construcción (en inglés, ''Board on Construction'') un estudio de futuros diseños de acorazados. Cuando esto fue terminado, las diversas oficinas apoyaron diversos diseños. |
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[[Archivo:12-45 mk5 Connecticut gun pic.jpg|thumb|left|Montaje de uno de los cañones de 305 mm (12 pulgadas) del ''USS Connecticut (BB-18'') en el astillero naval de Nueva York el 31 de enero de 1906.]] |
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<!-- The design that evolved into the {{sclass-|Connecticut|battleship|2}} was conceived on 6 March 1901 when [[United States Secretary of the Navy|Secretary of the Navy]] [[John Davis Long]] asked the [[Board on Construction]] for a study of future battleship designs. When this was completed, different bureaus supported different designs.<ref name="Friedman43">Friedman (1985), p. 43</ref> |
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The Board on Construction favored a ship on which {{convert|6|in|mm|adj=on|0}} and {{convert|8|in|mm|adj=on|0}} guns would be replaced by 24 newly designed {{convert|7|in|mm|adj=on|0}} guns, which were the most powerful guns with shells that could be handled by one person.<ref name="note" group="lower-alpha">The shell for the 7-inch guns weighed {{convert|165|lb|kg|abbr=on}}, whereas a shell for the 6-inch gun weighed about {{convert|100|lb|kg|abbr=on}}, and the shell for the 8-inch gun weighed about {{convert|250|lb|kg|abbr=on}}. These {{convert|250|lb|kg|abbr=on}} shells could only be moved by "power or several men", making the 7-inch gun "the largest [gun] capable of really rapid fire in the context of existing technology".</ref> In addition, the ships would mount twenty-four 3-inch (76 mm) anti-[[torpedo boat]] guns.<ref name="Friedman43" /> The main armor would be thinner overall because it would be distributed over the entire length. The Board's favored design would result in a ship weighing {{convert|15560|LT|t}} [[displacement (ship)|displacement]].<ref name="Friedman44" /> |
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The [[Bureau of Construction and Repair]], however, proposed a modified {{sclass-|Virginia|battleship|2}} with sixteen 8-inch guns, twelve in turrets and four in [[casemate]]s; the casemate guns were later eliminated, leaving twelve 8-inch, twelve 6-inch, and eight 3-inch guns on a ship of {{convert|15860|LT|t}}. This design was later rejected because the reduction in anti-torpedo boat guns was too drastic.<ref name="Friedman44" /> |
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Although one of the two designs had been rejected, the debate did not end. In November, the Board decided on a different plan, with eight 8-inch guns mounted in four waist turrets and 12 7-inch guns. This arrangement was chosen because the 8-inch gun could penetrate medium armor on battleships, and the 7-inch gun was capable of rapid fire.<ref name="note" group="lower-alpha" /> The new design also had heavier armor and a thicker belt than the first design. Two ships of this plan, ''Connecticut'' and {{USS|Louisiana|BB-19|2}}, were authorized on 1 July 1902, and three more were added on 2 March 1903: {{USS|Vermont|BB-20|2}}, {{USS|Kansas|BB-21|2}}, and {{USS|Minnesota|BB-22|2}}. {{USS|New Hampshire|BB-25|2}} was authorized on 27 April 1904.<ref name="Friedman44" /><ref group="lower-alpha">The long gap was the result of the two {{sclass-|Mississippi|battleship|2}}s that were built between ''Minnesota'' and ''New Hampshire''; the ''Mississippi'' were a congressional attempt to "prune back the growth of battleship size and cost" by severely limiting their displacements. As they had to cut down the ''Connecticut'' design by about 20%, the designs were not very successful, and the ships were sold about six years after being commissioned. See: Friedman (1985), pp. 45 and 47.</ref> |
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--> |
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== Construcción == |
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<!-- ''Connecticut'' was [[keel|laid down]] on 10 March 1903<ref name="Albertson35">Albertson (2007), p. 35</ref> and [[ship naming and launching|launched]] on 29 September 1904 by the [[Brooklyn Navy Yard]]. She was sponsored by Miss Alice B. Welles, granddaughter of [[Gideon Welles]], Secretary of the Navy during the [[American Civil War]].<ref name="DANFS">{{cite DANFS| title = Connecticut| url = https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/c/connecticut-iv.html| accessdate = 13 January 2017}}</ref> A crowd of over 30,000 people attended the launch,<ref>{{Cite news| date = 30 September 1904| title = Battleship Connecticut takes birthday plunge| work= The New York Times| page = 6| url =http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9F01EEDE113BE631A25753C3A96F9C946597D6CF| format = pdf| accessdate = 5 February 2009}}</ref> as did many of the Navy's ships. The [[battleship]]s {{USS|Texas|1895|2}}, {{USS|Massachusetts|BB-2|2}}, {{USS|Iowa|BB-4|2}}, {{USS|Kearsarge|BB-5|2}}, {{USS|Illinois|BB-7|2}}, {{USS|Alabama|BB-8|2}}, {{USS|Maine|BB-10|2}}, and {{USS|Missouri|BB-11|2}} were at the ceremony, along with the [[protected cruiser]]s {{USS|Columbia|C-12|2}} and {{USS|Minneapolis|C-13|2}} and the auxiliary cruiser {{USS|Prairie|1890|2}}.<ref>{{Cite news| date = 19 September 1904| title = Navy's big fighters here after hard work| work= The New York Times| page = 1| url =http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?_r=1&res=9B01E1D71230E132A2575AC1A96F9C946597D6CF| format = pdf| accessdate = 5 February 2009}}</ref> |
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Three attempts to sabotage the ship were discovered in 1904. On 31 March, rivets on the keel plates were found bored through.<ref name="Armed tug" /> On 14 September, a 1⅜ in (3.5 cm) bolt was found driven into the [[Slipway#Ship construction|launching way]], where it protruded some 5 in (11 cm).<ref name="Armed tug" /> Shortly after the ''Connecticut'' was launched on 29 September, a hole 1 in (2.5 cm) in [[diameter]] was discovered drilled through a ⅝ in (1.6 cm) steel [[keel]] plate.<ref>{{Cite news| date = 4 October 1904| title = First tried to wreck ship six months ago| work= The New York Times| page = 9| url = http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9C02EFDF123BE733A25757C0A9669D946597D6CF| format = pdf| accessdate = 5 February 2009}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">It was estimated that drilling the hole would have taken 20 minutes. See: {{Cite news| date = 3 October 1904| title = Armed tug last night guarded new warship| work= The New York Times| page = 1| url =http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9900E0DA113DE633A25750C0A9669D946597D6CF| format = pdf| accessdate = 5 February 2009}}</ref> The ship's [[watertight compartment]]s and pumps prevented her from sinking, and all damage was repaired. The incidents prompted the Navy to post armed guards at the shipyard, and an overnight watch was kept by a Navy tug manned by [[United States Marine Corps|Marines]] who had orders to shoot to kill any unauthorized person attempting to approach the ship.<ref name="Armed tug">{{Cite news| date = 3 October 1904| title = Armed tug last night guarded new warship| work= The New York Times| page = 1| url =http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9900E0DA113DE633A25750C0A9669D946597D6CF| format = pdf| accessdate = 5 February 2009}}</ref> |
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As ''Connecticut'' was only 55% complete when she was launched, missing most of her upper works, protection, machinery and armament,<ref name="Albertson35" /> it was two years before ''Connecticut'' was [[ship commissioning|commissioned]] on 29 September 1906. Captain [[William Swift]] was the first captain of the new battleship.<ref name="DANFS" /><ref>Albertson (2007), pp. 35–36</ref> ''Connecticut'' sailed out of New York for the first time on 15 December 1906, becoming the first ship in the US Navy to ever go to sea without a [[sea trial]].<ref>{{Cite news| date = 16 December 1906| title = The Connecticut sails on her maiden trip| work= The New York Times| page = 13| url = http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9401EEDE1731E733A25755C1A9649D946797D6CF| format = pdf| accessdate = 5 February 2009}}</ref> She first journeyed south to the [[Virginia Capes]], where she conducted a variety of training exercises; this was followed by a [[Shakedown (testing)|shakedown cruise]] and battle practice off Cuba and Puerto Rico.<ref name="Albertson36">Albertson (2007), p. 36</ref> During the cruise, she participated in a search for the missing steamer ''Ponce''.<ref>{{Cite news| date = 9 February 1907| title = Still without tidings of steamship Ponce| work= The New York Times| page = 16| url = http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9A02E1DA153EE033A2575AC0A9679C946697D6CF| format = pdf| accessdate = 5 February 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| date = 11 January 1907| title = Hope for Ponce grows with Maracas delay| work= The New York Times| page = 16| url = http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9500E4D61130E233A25752C1A9679C946697D6CF| format = pdf| accessdate = 5 February 2009}}</ref><ref group="lower-alpha">''Ponce'' was eventually found and towed back to port by a German freighter; the seven passengers were taken off by the Quebec liner ''Bermudian''. See: {{Cite news| date = 20 January 1907| title = Ponce's passengers return| work= The New York Times| page = 12| url = http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9A07E0D9153EE033A25753C2A9679C946697D6CF| format = pdf| accessdate = 5 February 2009}}</ref> |
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[[File:USS Connecticut - NH 55335.jpg|thumb|left|[[Ship commissioning|Commissioning]] ceremonies for ''Connecticut'', 29 September 1906]] |
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On 13 January 1907, ''Connecticut'' ran onto a [[reef]] while entering the harbor at [[Culebra Island]]. The Navy did not release any information about the grounding until press dispatches from [[San Juan, Puerto Rico|San Juan]] carrying news of the incident reached the mainland on 23 January. Even then, Navy authorities in San Juan claimed to be ignorant of the situation,<ref name=nyt-reefed/> and, that same day, the Navy Department itself said that they only knew that Captain Swift thought she had touched bottom and that an examination of the ship's bottom by divers had revealed no damage.<ref name=nyt-reefed>{{Cite news| date = 24 January 1907| title = Connecticut on a reef?| work= The New York Times| page = 1| url = http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9D00E7D8153EE033A25757C2A9679C946697D6CF| format = pdf| accessdate = 5 February 2009}}</ref> The Navy amended this the next day, releasing a statement that ''Connecticut'' had been only slightly damaged and had returned to her shakedown cruise.<ref>{{Cite news| date = 25 January 1907| title = The Connecticut all right| work= The New York Times| page = 1| url = http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9F03E0D61638E033A25756C2A9679C946697D6CF| format = pdf| accessdate = 5 February 2009}}</ref> However, damage to the ship was much more serious than the Navy admitted; in contrast to an official statement saying that ''Connecticut'' had only "touched" the rocks, she actually had run full upon the reef when traversing "a course well marked with buoys" in "broad daylight" and did enough damage to probably require a [[dry dock]]ing. This apparent attempt at a cover-up was enough for the [[United States Congress]] to consider an official inquiry into the matter.<ref>{{Cite news| date = 6 February 1907| title = Connecticut's plates driven upward by reef| work= The New York Times| page = 5| url = http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=990DEFD7153EE033A25755C0A9649C946697D6CF| format = pdf| accessdate = 5 February 2009}}</ref> |
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On 21 March, the Navy announced that Swift would be [[court-martial]]ed for "through negligence, causing a vessel to run upon a rock" and "neglect of duty in regard to the above".<ref>{{Cite news| date = 21 March 1907| title = Court-martial for Swift| work= The New York Times| page = 5| url = http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9E0CE4DB123EE033A25752C2A9659C946697D6CF| format = pdf| accessdate = 5 February 2009}}</ref> Along with the officer of the deck at the time of the accident, Lieutenant [[Harry E. Yarnell]], Swift faced a court martial of seven rear admirals, a captain, and a lieutenant.<ref>{{Cite news| date = 27 March 1907| title = Capt. Swift on trial| work= The New York Times| page = 4| url = http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9A03E1DE1738E033A25754C2A9659C946697D6CF| format = pdf| accessdate = 5 February 2009}}</ref> He was sentenced to one year's suspension from duty, later reduced to nine months; after about six months, the sentence was remitted on 24 October. However, he was not assigned command of another ship.<ref>{{Cite news| date = 25 October 1907| title = Capt. Swift is Reprieved| work= The New York Times| page = 7| url = http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9501E7DE173EE233A25756C2A9669D946697D6CF| format = pdf| accessdate = 7 February 2009}}</ref> |
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[[File:USS Connecticut - NH 553.jpg|thumb|''Connecticut'' on her [[Sea trial|speed trials]] in 1906 or 1907. The boat taking this photo is about to be swamped by the [[bow wave]] emanating from the [[battleship]].]] |
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''Connecticut'' steamed back to [[Hampton Roads]] after this, arriving on 16 April;<ref name="overview">{{cite web| url=http://www.navy.mil/gwf/battleships/bb-18.htm| title=USS Connecitcut[''sic''] BB-18| work=The Great White Fleet: A Historical Look at the People, Ports of Call and Events| publisher = Navy Department| accessdate = 5 February 2009}}</ref> when she arrived, Rear Admiral [[Robley D. Evans]], commander of the [[United States Fleet Forces Command|Atlantic Fleet]], transferred his flag from {{USS|Maine|BB-10|2}} to ''Connecticut'',<ref name="Albertson36" /> making her the [[flagship]] of the fleet.<ref>Albertson (2007), pp. 36–37</ref> President [[Theodore Roosevelt]] opened the [[Jamestown Exposition]] on 25 April, and ''Connecticut'' was named as the official host of the vessels that were visiting from other countries. Sailors and marines from the ship took part in various events ashore, and foreign dignitaries, along with the governors of [[Virginia]] and [[Rhode Island]], were hosted aboard the ship on 29 April. Evans closed the Exposition on 4 May on the quarterdeck of ''Connecticut''. On 10 June, ''Connecticut'' joined in the [[Presidential Fleet Review]]; she left three days later for an overhaul in the [[New York Naval Yard]].<ref>Albertson (2007), p. 37</ref> After the overhaul, ''Connecticut'' conducted maneuvers off Hampton Roads and target practice off Cape Cod. She was ordered back to the New York Naval Yard once again on 6 September for a refit that would make her suitable for use as flagship of the [[Great White Fleet]].<ref name="Albertson38">Albertson (2007), p. 38</ref> |
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--> |
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== Liderando la Gran Flota Blanca == |
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{{AP|Gran Flota Blanca}} |
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<!-- ''Connecticut'' left the New York Naval Yard on 5 December 1907 and arrived the next day in Hampton Roads, where the Great White Fleet would assemble with her as their flagship. After an eight-day period known as "Navy Farewell Week" during which festivities were held for the departing sailors, and all 16 battleships took on full loads of coal, stores, and ammunition, the ships were ready to depart.<ref name="Albertson38" /> The battleship captains paid their respects to President Theodore Roosevelt on the presidential yacht {{USS|Mayflower|PY-1|2}}, and all the ships weighed anchor and departed at 1000. They passed in review before the President, and then began traveling south.<ref>Albertson (2007), p. 39</ref> After steaming past [[Cape Hatteras]], the fleet headed for the Caribbean.<ref>Albertson (2007), p. 40</ref> They approached Puerto Rico on the 20th, caught sight of Venezuela on the 22nd, and later dropped anchor in [[Port of Spain]], the capital of [[Trinidad]],<ref>Albertson (2007), p. 41</ref> making the first port visit of the Great White Fleet.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.navy.mil/gwf/thejournybegins.htm| title = The cruise of the Great White Fleet| work=The Great White Fleet: A Historical Look at the People, Ports of Call and Events| publisher = Navy Department| accessdate = 5 de febrero de 2009|urlarchivo=http://web.archive.org/web/http://www.navy.mil/gwf/thejournybegins.htm|fechaarchivo=26 de noviembre de 2015}}</ref> With the [[torpedo boat]] flotilla that had left Hampton Roads two weeks previously, and five [[collier (ship type)|colliers]] to fill the coal bunkers of the fleet, Port of Spain had a total of 32 US Navy ships in the harbor, making it "[resemble] a U.S. Navy base".<ref name="Albertson42">Albertson (2007), p. 42</ref> |
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[[File:Tr great white fleet from photo nh100349 uss conneticut 1907.jpg|thumb|''Connecticut'' leads the way for the [[Great White Fleet]] in 1907]] |
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After spending Christmas in Trinidad, the ships departed for [[Rio de Janeiro]] on 29 December.<ref name="Albertson42" /> A ceremonial Brazilian escort of three cruisers met the task force {{convert|12|nmi|mi km|abbr=on}} outside of Rio,<ref>Albertson (2007), pp. 42–43</ref> and "thousands of wildly cheering Brazilians lined the shore"; 10 days of ceremonies, games, and festivities followed, and the stopover was so successful that the visit was the cause of a major boost in [[Brazil–United States relations|US–Brazilian relations]].<ref name="Albertson43">Albertson (2007), p. 43</ref> The fleet left Rio on 22 January 1908, still heading south, this time bound for the coaling stop of [[Punta Arenas, Chile]].<ref>Albertson (2007), p. 43–44</ref> |
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Four cruisers from Argentina, ''San Martin'', ''Buenos Ayres'', ''9 De Julio'', and ''Pueyrredon'', all under the command of Admiral Hipolito Oliva, sailed {{convert|300|nmi|mi km|abbr=on}} to salute the American ships on their way to Chile. The fleet arrived at Punta Arenas on 1 February and spent five days in the town of 14,000.<ref>Albertson (2007), p. 44</ref> Heading north, they followed the coastline of Chile, passing in review of Chilean President [[Pedro Montt]] on 14 February outside of [[Valparaíso]], and they were escorted to [[Callao]] in Peru by the cruiser [[BAP Coronel Bolognesi (1906)|''Coronel Bolognesi'']] on 19 and 20 February.<ref>Albertson (2007), pp. 44–45</ref> Peru's president, [[José Pardo y Barreda|José Pardo]], came aboard ''Connecticut'' during this time, as Rear Admiral Evans was quite ill and could not go ashore.<ref>Albertson (2007), p. 45</ref> After taking on coal, the ships steamed for Mexico on 29 February, passing in review of the cruiser [[BAP Almirante Grau (1907)|''Almirante Grau'']], which had Pardo embarked, before leaving.<ref name="Albertson46">Albertson (2007), p. 46</ref> |
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Arriving in Mexico on 20 March, the fleet underwent three weeks of target practice. Rear Admiral Evans was relieved of command during this time, as he was completely bedridden and in constant pain, so on 30 March, ''Connecticut'' set sail north at full speed. She was met two days later by the schooner {{USS|Yankton|1893|2}}, which took the admiral to a hospital. ''Connecticut'' traveled back south to rejoin the fleet,<ref name="Albertson46" /> and Rear Admiral [[Charles M. Thomas]] took Evans's place on ''Connecticut'' as the commander of the fleet, which continued its journey north, bound for [[California]].<ref name="Albertson47">Albertson (2007), p. 47</ref> |
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[[File:PostcardUSSConnecticutBB18No1268.jpg|thumb|left|Postcard of the ship published in [[San Francisco]]]] |
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On 5 May, Evans returned to ''Connecticut'' in time for the fleet's sailing through the [[Golden Gate]] on 6 May,<ref name="Albertson47" /> although he was still in pain.<ref name="Albertson48">Albertson (2007), p. 48</ref> Over one million people watched the 42-ship fleet sail into the bay.<ref group="lower-alpha">The Great White Fleet was joined by various Pacific Fleet warships and a torpedo boat flotilla for their entrance into the harbor, making the conglomerate of ships the "most powerful concentration of naval might yet gathered in the Western Hemisphere". See: Albertson (2007), p. 47.</ref> After a grand parade through [[San Francisco]], a review of the fleet by Secretary of the Navy [[Victor H. Metcalf]], a gala reception,<ref name="Albertson48" /> and a farewell address from Evans (who was retiring due to his illness and his age),<ref>Albertson (2007), pp. 48–49</ref> the fleet left San Francisco for [[Seattle]], with Rear Admiral [[Charles Stillman Sperry]] as commander.<ref>Albertson (2007), p. 49</ref> The ships all underwent refits before the next leg of the voyage. The fleet left the West Coast again on 7 July, bound for Hawaii, which it reached on 16 July.<ref>Albertson (2007), pp. 49–50</ref> |
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Leaving Hawaii on 22 July, the ships next stopped at [[Auckland]], [[Sydney]], and [[Melbourne]]. High seas and winds hampered the ships for part of the voyage to New Zealand, but they arrived on 9 August; festivities, parades, balls, and games were staples of the visits to each city.<ref>Albertson (2007), pp. 52–56</ref> The highlight of the austral visit was a parade of 12,000 U.S. Navy, [[Royal Navy]], and [[Commonwealth]] naval and military personnel in front of 250,000 people.<ref>Albertson (2007), p. 54</ref> |
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After stopping at [[Manila]] in the Philippines, the fleet set course for [[Yokohama]], Japan. They encountered a typhoon on the way on 12 October, but no ships were lost; the fleet was only delayed 24 hours.<ref>Albertson (2007), pp. 57–58</ref> After three Japanese [[men-of-war]] and six merchantmen escorted the Americans in, festivities began. The celebrations culminated in the [[Uraga]], where [[Commodore (rank)|Commodore]] [[Matthew C. Perry]] had [[Matthew C. Perry#First visit, 1852-1853|anchored]] a little more than 50 years prior.<ref>Albertson (2007), pp. 58–59</ref> The ships then departed on 25 October. After three weeks of exercises in the Philippines' [[Subic Bay]], the ships sailed south on 1 December for [[Singapore]]; they did not stop there, however, passing outside the city on 6 December.<ref>Albertson (2007), p. 60</ref> Continuing on, they stopped at [[Colombo]] for coal from 12–20 December before sailing on for the [[Suez Canal]].<ref>Albertson (2007), pp. 61–62</ref> It took three days for all 16 battleships to traverse the canal, even though it was closed to all other traffic. They then headed for a coaling stop at [[Port Said]], [[Egypt]], after which the fleet split up into [[Great White Fleet#Ships 2|individual divisions]] to call on different ports in the Mediterranean.<ref>Albertson (2007), p. 62</ref> The First Division, of which ''Connecticut'' was a part, originally planned to visit Italy before moving on to [[Villefranche-sur-Mer|Villefranche]], but ''Connecticut'' and {{USS|Illinois|BB-7|2}} were quickly dispatched to southern Italy on a humanitarian mission when news of an earthquake reached the fleet.<ref>Albertson (2007), pp. 62–63</ref> Seamen from the ships helped clear debris and unload supplies from the U.S. Navy refrigerated supply ship {{USS|Culgoa|AF-3|2}}; Admiral Sperry received the personal thanks of [[Victor Emmanuel III of Italy|King Victor Emmanuel III]] for their assistance.<ref>Albertson (2007), p. 63</ref> |
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[[File:Tr great white fleet tr addresses us conneticut feb 1909.jpg|thumb|Roosevelt (on the 12-inch gun turret at right) addresses the crew of ''Connecticut''.]] |
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After port calls were concluded, the ships headed for [[Gibraltar]], where they found a conglomerate of warships from many different nations awaiting them "with decks manned and horns blaring": the battleships {{HMS|Albemarle|1901|6}} and {{HMS|Albion|1898|2}} with the cruiser {{HMS|Devonshire|1904|6}} and the Second Cruiser Squadron represented Great Britain's [[Royal Navy]], battleships {{Ship|Russian battleship|Tsesarevich||2}} and {{Ship|Russian battleship|Slava||2}} with cruisers {{Ship|Russian cruiser|Admiral Makarov||2}}, {{Ship|Russian cruiser|Bogatyr||2}} and {{Ship|Russian cruiser|Oleg||2}} represented the [[Imperial Russian Navy]], and various gunboats represented France and the Netherlands. After coaling for five days, the ships got under way and left for home on 6 February 1909.<ref>Albertson (2007), pp. 63–64</ref> |
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After weathering a few storms, the ships met nine of their fellow U.S. Navy ships five days out of Hampton Roads: four battleships ({{USS|Maine|BB-10|2}}, {{USS|Mississippi|BB-23|2}}, {{USS|Idaho|BB-24|2}}, and {{USS|New Hampshire|BB-25|2}} – the only sister of ''Connecticut'' to not make the cruise, two armored cruisers, and three scout cruisers.<ref>Albertson (2007), pp. 64–65</ref> ''Connecticut'' then led all of these warships around Tail-of-the-Horseshoe Lightship on 22 February to pass in review of President Roosevelt, who was then on the presidential yacht anchored off [[Old Point Comfort]], ending a {{convert|46729|nmi|mi km|abbr=on}} trip. Roosevelt boarded the ship after she anchored and gave a short speech, saying, "You've done the trick. Other nations may do as you have done, but they'll follow you."<ref>Albertson (2007), pp. 65–66</ref> --> |
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== Antes de la Primera Guerra Mundial == |
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[[Archivo:USS-Connecticut.jpg|thumb|left|''Connecticut'' en el dique seco del [[Astillero naval de Brooklyn]] en marzo de 1909, después de la vuelta al mundo.]] |
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Following her return from the world cruise, ''Connecticut'' continued to serve as flagship of the Atlantic Fleet, interrupted only by a March 1909 overhaul at the New York Navy Yard.<ref>Albertson (2007), p. 66</ref> After rejoining the fleet, she cruised the East Coast from her base at [[Norfolk, Virginia]]. For the rest of 1909, the battleship conducted training and participated in ceremonial observances, such as the [[Hudson-Fulton Celebration]].<ref name="DANFS" /><ref>Albertson (2007), pp. 66–67</ref> In early January 1910, ''Connecticut'' left for Cuban waters and stayed there until late March when she returned to New York for a refit.<ref name="Albertson67">Albertson (2007), p. 67</ref> After several months conducting maneuvers and battle practice off the [[New England]] coast, she left for Europe on 2 November to go on a midshipman training cruise.<ref name="Albertson67" /> She arrived in [[Isle of Portland|Portland]], England on 15 November and was present during the 1 December birthday celebration of [[Alexandra of Denmark|Queen Alexandra]], the [[queen mother]]. ''Connecticut'' next visited [[Cherbourg]], France, where she welcomed visitors from the town and also hosted commander-in-chief of the [[French Navy]] ''Vice-Amiral'' [[Laurent Marin-Darbel]], and a delegation of his officers. While there, a boat crew from ''Connecticut'' engaged a crew from the French battleship {{ship|French battleship|Charles Martel|1893|2}} in a rowing race; ''Connecticut''{{'}}s crew won by twelve lengths. ''Connecticut'' departed French waters for [[Guantánamo Bay]], Cuba on 30 December,<ref name="Albertson68">Albertson (2007), p. 68</ref> and stayed there until 17 March, when she departed for Hampton Roads.<ref>Albertson (2007), pp. 68–69</ref> |
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''Connecticut'' was the leader of the ships that passed in review during the Presidential Fleet Review in New York on 2 November; she then remained in New York until 12 January 1912, when she returned to Guantánamo Bay. During a March overhaul at the [[Philadelphia Naval Yard]], the battleship relinquished her role as flagship to the armored cruiser {{USS|Washington|ACR-11|2}}. After the overhaul's completion, ''Connecticut''{{'}}s activities through the end of 1912 included practicing with torpedoes in [[Fort Pond Bay]], conducting fleet maneuvers, and battle practice off [[Block Island]] and the Virginia Capes.<ref name="Albertson69">Albertson (2007), p. 69</ref> Stopping in New York, ''Connecticut'' conducted training exercises in Guantánamo Bay from 13 February to 20 March; during this time (on the 28th), she once again became the Atlantic Fleet flagship for a brief and final time when she served in the interim as Rear Admiral [[Charles J. Badger]] transferred his flag from {{USS|Wyoming|BB-32|2}} to {{USS|Utah|BB-31|2}}.<ref>Albertson (2007), pp. 69–70</ref><ref>{{cite DANFS| title = Wyoming| url = http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/w11/wyoming-iii.htm| accessdate = 6 de febrero de 2009|link = off}}</ref> After taking on stores in Philadelphia, ''Connecticut'' sailed for Mexico and arrived on 22 April; she was to patrol the waters near [[Tampico, Tamaulipas|Tampico]] and [[Veracruz, Veracruz|Vera Cruz]], protecting American citizens and interests during disturbances there and in [[Haiti]].<ref name="DANFS" /><ref name="Albertson70">Albertson (2007), p. 70</ref> |
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[[File:USS Connecticut (BB 8) Dressed with flags.jpg|thumb|''Connecticut'' saluting the presidential yacht {{USS|Mayflower|PY-1|2}} during the [[Naval Review|Presidential Fleet Review]] in 1911]] |
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On 22 June 1912, ''Connecticut'' departed Mexican waters for Philadelphia, where she was dry docked for three months of repairs. Upon their completion, ''Connecticut'' conducted gunnery practice off the Virginia Capes. On 23 October, ''Connecticut'' became the flagship of the Fourth Battleship Division. After the division passed in review before Secretary of the Navy [[George von Lengerke Meyer]] on the 25th, ''Connecticut'' left for [[Genoa]], Italy, where she remained until 30 November.<ref name="Albertson70" /> The battleship departed Italy for Vera Cruz and arrived on 23 December.<ref name="Albertson71">Albertson (2007), p. 71</ref> She took refugees from Mexico to Galveston and carried officers of the Army and representative from the [[Red Cross]] back in the opposite direction.<ref name="Albertson71" /> |
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On 29 May 1914, while still in Mexico, ''Connecticut'' relinquished the duty of flagship to {{USS|Minnesota|BB-22|2}}, but remained in Mexico until 2 July, when she left for [[Havana]]. Arriving there on 8 July, ''Connecticut'' embarked [[Madison R. Smith]], the US minister to Haiti, and took him to [[Port-au-Prince]], arriving five days later. ''Connecticut'' remained in Haiti for a month, then left for Philadelphia on 8 August and arrived there on 14 August.<ref name="Albertson71" /> |
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''Connecticut'' then went to [[Maine]] and the Virginia Capes for battle practice, after which she went into the Philadelphia Naval Yard for an overhaul. After more than 15 weeks, ''Connecticut'' emerged on 15 January 1915 and steamed south to Cuba, where she conducted training exercises before returning to Philadelphia. She remained there until 31 July, when she embarked 433 men from the Second Regiment, First Brigade, of the [[United States Marine Corps]] for transport to Port-au-Prince, where they were put ashore on 5 August as part of the [[United States occupation of Haiti|US occupation of Haiti]]. ''Connecticut'' delivered supplies to amphibious troops in [[Cap-Haïtien]] on 5 September and remained near Haiti for the next few months, supporting landing parties ashore, including detachments of Marines and sailors from ''Connecticut'' under the command of [[Major]] [[Smedley Butler]]. After departing Haiti, ''Connecticut'' arrived in Philadelphia on 15 December and was placed into the [[United States Navy reserve fleets|Atlantic Reserve Fleet]].<ref name="Albertson72">Albertson (2007), p. 72</ref> --> |
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== Primera Guerra Mundial == |
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Como parte de la respuesta |
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<!-- As part of the US response to Germany's [[unrestricted submarine warfare (February 1915)|unrestricted submarine warfare]], ''Connecticut'' was recommissioned on 3 October 1916. Two days later, Admiral [[Herbert O. Dunn]] made her the flagship of the Fifth Battleship Division, transferring his flag from ''Minnesota''.<ref name="Albertson73">Albertson (2007), p. 73</ref> ''Connecticut'' operated along the East Coast and in the Caribbean until the United States entered [[World War I]] on 6 April 1917.<ref name="DANFS" /><ref>See: [[s:Woodrow Wilson Urges Congress to Declare War on Germany|Woodrow Wilson Urges Congress to Declare War on Germany]]—text of a speech given by Wilson before Congress</ref> For the duration of the war, ''Connecticut'' was based in [[York River, Virginia]].<ref name="overview" /> More than 1,000 trainees—midshipmen and gun crews for merchant ships—took part in exercises on her while she sailed in [[Chesapeake Bay]] and off the Virginia Capes.<ref name="DANFS" /><ref name="Albertson73" /> --> |
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== Período entre ambas Guerras Mundiales == |
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<!-- At the close of the war, ''Connecticut'' was assigned to the [[Cruiser and Transport Force]] for transport duty, and from 6 January-22 June 1919 she made four voyages to return troops from France.<ref name=Gleaves-250>Gleaves (1921), pp. 250–51</ref><ref name=Alb-73-74>Albertson (2007), p. 73–74</ref> On 6 January, she left Hampton Roads for [[Brest, France]], where she embarked 1,000 troops. After bringing them to New York (arriving on 2 February),<ref name=Alb-73-74 /> ''Connecticut'' traveled back to Brest and picked up the 53rd Pioneer Regiment, a company of Marines, and a company of [[military police]], 1,240 troops in all. These men were delivered to Hampton Roads on 24 March. After two months, ''Connecticut'' made another run overseas: following a short period of liberty in Paris for her crew, she embarked 891 men variously from the 502nd Army Engineers, a medical detachment, and the Red Cross. They were dropped off in [[Newport News]] on 22 June.<ref name="Albertson74">Albertson (2007), p. 74</ref> On 23 June 1919, after having returned over 4,800 men,<ref name=Gleaves-250 /> ''Connecticut'' was reassigned as flagship of the Second Battleship Squadron of the Atlantic Fleet,<ref name="DANFS" /> under the command of Vice Admiral [[Hilary P. Jones]].<ref name="Albertson74" /> --> |
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[[Archivo:USS Connecticut - NH 55339.jpg|thumb|left|El ''Connecticut'' fotografiado en 1920.]] |
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<!-- While based in Philadelphia for the next 11 months, ''Connecticut'' trained midshipmen. On 2 May 1920, 200 midshipmen boarded the ship for a training cruise. In company with the other battleships of her squadron, ''Connecticut'' sailed to the Caribbean and through the Panama Canal in order to visit four ports-of-call: Honolulu, Seattle, San Francisco, and [[San Pedro Bay (California)|San Pedro Bay]] (Los Angeles and [[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]]). After visiting all four, the squadron made their way back through the canal and headed for home. However, the port engine of ''Connecticut'' gave out three days after transiting the canal, requiring ''New Hampshire'' to tow the battleship into Guantánamo Bay. The pair arrived on 28 August.<ref name="Albertson74" /> The midshipmen were debarked there,<ref name="Albertson75">Albertson (2007), p. 75</ref> and Vice Admiral Jones transferred his flag from ''Connecticut'' to his new flagship, {{USS|Kansas|BB-21|2}}.<ref name="Albertson74" /> The Navy repair ship {{USS|Prometheus|AR-3|2}} was dispatched from New York on 1 September to tow ''Connecticut'' to Philadelphia;<ref>{{cite DANFS| title = Prometheus| url = http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/p12/prometheus-ii.htm| accessdate=3 de febrero de 2009|link = off}}</ref> they arrived at the Navy Yard there on 11 September.<ref name="Albertson75" /> |
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[[File:USS Connecticut (BB-18) bell.JPG|thumb|The Connecticut's bell on display in [[Mystic (Amtrak station)|Mystic Depot]]]] |
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On 21 March 1921, ''Connecticut'' again became the flagship of the Second Battleship Squadron when Rear Admiral [[Charles Frederick Hughes]] took command. The ships of the squadron departed Philadelphia on 7 April to perform maneuvers and training exercises off Cuba, though they returned to take part in the Presidential Review in Hampton Roads on 28 April. After participating in [[United States Naval Academy|Naval Academy]] celebrations on [[Memorial Day]], ''Connecticut'' and her squadmates departed on a midshipman cruise which took them to Europe. On 28 June, ''Connecticut'' hosted a Norwegian delegation that included [[King of Norway|King]] [[Haakon VII of Norway|Haakon VII]], [[Prime Minister of Norway|Prime Minister]] [[Otto Blehr]], the Minister of Defence, and the First Sea Lord of the [[Royal Norwegian Navy]]. After arriving in Portugal on 21 July, the battleship hosted the Civil Governor of the Province of Lisbon and the Commander-in-Chief of the [[Portuguese Navy]]. Six days later, ''Connecticut'' hosted the Portuguese president, [[António José de Almeida]].<ref name="Albertson75" /> The battleship squadron departed for Guantánamo Bay on 29 July and, after arrival there, remained for gunnery practice and exercises. ''Connecticut'', leaving the rest of the squadron, departed for Annapolis and disembarked her midshipmen on 30 August, then proceeded to Philadelphia.<ref name="Albertson76">Albertson (2007), p. 76</ref> |
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''Connecticut'' departed Philadelphia for California on 4 October for duty with the Pacific Fleet. After touching at San Diego on the 27th, she arrived on 28 October at [[San Pedro, California|San Pedro]], where Rear Admiral [[Herman Osman Stickney|H.O. Stickney]] designated her the flagship of Pacific Fleet Training.<ref name="Albertson76" /> For the next few months, ''Connecticut'' cruised along the West Coast, taking part in exercises and commemorations.<ref name="DANFS" /> Under the terms of the [[Washington Naval Treaty]], which set tonnage limits for its signatory nations, the Navy designated ''Connecticut'' for scrapping. Getting under way for her final voyage on 11 December, she made a five-day journey to the [[Puget Sound Navy Yard]],<ref name="Albertson76" /> where she was decommissioned on 1 March 1923.<ref name="DANFS" /><ref>Albertson (2007), p. 76–77</ref> On 1 November,<ref name="DANFS" /> the ex-''Connecticut'' was sold for scrap to Walter W. Johnson of San Francisco for the sum of $42,750.<ref name="Albertson77">Albertson (2007), p. 77</ref> |
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{{clear}} --> |
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== Notas == |
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{{listaref|group = lower-alpha}} |
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== Bibliografía == |
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* {{cita libro| apellidos = Albertson| nombre = Mark| título = U.S.S. Connecticut: Constitution State Battleship| ubicación = Mustang, Oklahoma| editorial = [[Tate Publishing & Enterprises|Tate Publishing]]| año = 2007| isbn = 1-59886-739-3| oclc = 173513595| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=nVuNO72Bz7AC}} |
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* {{cita libro| autor = Babcock & Wilcox Company| enlaceautor = Babcock & Wilcox| título = Forged Steel Water-tube Marine Boilers| ubicación = New York| editorial = Babcock & Wilcox| año = 1914| edición = 1st issue, 2nd| oclc = 2358875| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=fhaDAAAAIAAJ}} |
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* {{cita libro| apellidos = Friedman| nombre = Norman| título = U.S. Battleships: An Illustrated Design History| ubicación = Annapolis, Maryland| editorial = [[Naval Institute Press]]| año = 1985| isbn = 0-87021-715-1| oclc = 12214729}} |
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* {{Gleaves}} --> |
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== Referencias == |
== Referencias == |
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{{listaref |
{{listaref}} |
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== Enlaces externos == |
== Enlaces externos == |
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| Línea 157: | Línea 63: | ||
* [http://www.flickr.com/photos/library_of_congress/tags/bb18/ USS Connecticut (BB-18) de la Biblioteca del Congreso de los Estados Unidos en Flickr Commons] |
* [http://www.flickr.com/photos/library_of_congress/tags/bb18/ USS Connecticut (BB-18) de la Biblioteca del Congreso de los Estados Unidos en Flickr Commons] |
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* {{DANFS|http://www.navsource.org/archives/01/18a.htm }} |
* {{DANFS|http://www.navsource.org/archives/01/18a.htm }} |
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{{ORDENAR:Connecticut (BB-18)}} |
{{ORDENAR:Connecticut (BB-18)}} |
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{{Control de autoridades}} |
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[[Categoría:Acorazados de la Armada de Estados Unidos]] |
[[Categoría:Acorazados de la Armada de Estados Unidos]] |
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[[Categoría:Buques de la Primera Guerra Mundial de Estados Unidos]] |
[[Categoría:Buques de la Primera Guerra Mundial de Estados Unidos]] |
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Revisión actual - 19:06 3 ago 2023
| USS Connecticut | ||
|---|---|---|
 USS Connecticut (BB-18). | ||
| Banderas | ||
.svg){kind=small} | ||
| Historial | ||
| Astillero | Astillero Naval de Brooklyn | |
| Clase | Clase Connecticut | |
| Tipo | Acorazado Pre-dreadnought | |
| Operador | Armada de los Estados Unidos | |
| Autorizado | 1 de julio de 1902[1] | |
| Iniciado | El 10 de marzo de 1903 (puesta en grada) | |
| Botado | 29 de septiembre de 1904 | |
| Asignado | 29 de septiembre de 1906 | |
| Baja | 1 de marzo de 1923 | |
| Destino | vendido para desguace el 1 de noviembre de 1923 | |
| Características generales | ||
| Desplazamiento | 16 300 t | |
| Eslora | 139,09 m | |
| Manga | 23,42 m | |
| Calado | 7,47 m | |
| Blindaje |
• Cinturón: 152–279 mm • Barbetas: 152–254 mm • Torretas principales: 203–305 mm • Torretas secundarias: 178 mm • Torre de mando: 229 mm | |
| Armamento |
• 4 cañones de 305 mm)/40 o 45 (2 × 2) • 8 cañones de 203 mm/45 (4 × 2) • 12 cañones de 178 mm/45 • 20 cañones de 76,2 mm/50 • 12 cañones de 3 lb • 6 cañones automáticos de 1 lb • 2 cañones semiautomáticos de 1 lb • 2 ametralladoras de 7.62 mm • 4 tubos lanzatorpedos sumergidos de 533 mm | |
| Propulsión |
• 12 calderas Babcock & Wilcox de 1700 kPa (250 psi) • 2 máquinas de vapor de 4 cilindros y triple expansión • 8 generadores eléctricos de 100 kW c/u 2 hélices | |
| Velocidad | 18 nudos | |
| Tripulación | 827 | |
El USS Connecticut (BB-18) fue un acorazado de la Cuarta Flota de la Armada de los Estados Unidos, que recibía su nombre en honor al estado de Connecticut, siendo el primero de los seis de su clase. Su casco fue botado el 10 de marzo de 1903 y se terminó su construcción el 29 de septiembre de 1904. Recibió sus primeras órdenes el 29 de septiembre de 1906, siendo el buque de guerra más avanzado en ese momento hasta la entrada en servicio dos meses después del HMS Dreadnought (1906).
El Connecticut sirvió como buque insignia en la Exposición de Jamestown a mediados de 1907, la cual conmemoraba el 300.º aniversario de la fundación de la colonia de Jamestown. Posteriormente navegó con la Gran Flota Blanca en un viaje de circunnavegación para mostrar la vocación de la Armada de los Estados Unidos de convertirse en una «armada de aguas azules». Tras completar su servicio en la gran flota blanca, el Connecticut participó en varias operaciones navales para mostrar pabellón, incluida la protección de intereses de ciudadanos estadounidenses en el extranjero. También participó en el transporte de las tropas estadounidenses en su retorno a los Estados Unidos tras la finalización de la Primera Guerra Mundial.
Durante el resto de su existencia, el Connecticut navegó prestando diferentes servicios, tanto en el Atlántico como en el Pacífico, y sirvió como buque escuela a los nuevos reclutas de la U.S. Navy. Sin embargo, a tenor de las disposiciones del tratado naval de Washington de 1922 se establecía la desaparición de un número importante de buques capitales, y dada su obsolescencia, el Connecticut fue uno de ellos, por lo que fue dado de baja el 1 de marzo de 1922 y fue vendido como chatarra el 1 de noviembre de 1923.
Contexto histórico
[editar]El final del siglo XIX estuvo marcado por numerosos conflictos provocados en gran parte por el expansionismo norteamericano. Los intereses del país por ultramar se centran principalmente en el Océano Pacífico y Latinoamérica; es de ese modo que las islas Samoa primero y Hawái después, quedan bajo el control estadounidense. Tras la guerra hispano-estadounidense en la que su marina se enfrentaría a la Armada Española con éxito, numerosos territorios quedarían bajo el control norteamericano en el tratado de París (1898): Cuba, Filipinas, Puerto Rico y la isla de Guam. Esta situación empujó a la US Navy a un amplio programa de construcción para poder asumir la protección de todos estos nuevos territorios.
Diseño
[editar]El diseño que se convirtió en el acorazado Connecticut se concibió el 6 de marzo de 1901 cuando el Secretario de la Armada de los Estados Unidos John Davis Long solicitó al Departamento de Construcción (en inglés, Board on Construction) un estudio de futuros diseños de acorazados. Cuando esto fue terminado, las diversas oficinas apoyaron diversos diseños.
Referencias
[editar]- ↑ Friedman (1985), p. 46
Enlaces externos
[editar]
Wikimedia Commons alberga una categoría multimedia sobre USS Connecticut.- USS Connecticut (BB-18) de la Biblioteca del Congreso de los Estados Unidos en Flickr Commons
- Este artículo incluye texto tomado o traducido del Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships (DANFS), una obra del Comando de Historia y Patrimonio Naval (Naval History and Heritage Command) de la Armada de los Estados Unidos, que por ser parte del gobierno federal de los Estados Unidos está en el dominio público. La referencia se puede encontrar aquí.
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Datos: Q2116640- Multimedia: USS Connecticut (BB-18) / Q2116640