Table 218.45.

Percentage distribution of 4th-, 8th-, and 12th-grade public school students, by when student first used a laptop or desktop computer and selected student and school characteristics: 2015

[Standard errors appear in parentheses]
Selected student or school characteristic	4th-graders, by first use of computer									8th-graders, by first use of computer												12th-graders, by first use of computer
	In kinder-garten or before		In 1st, 2nd, or 3rd grade		In 4th grade			Never used		In kinder-garten or before		In 1st, 2nd, or 3rd grade		In 4th or 5th grade		In 6th, 7th, or 8th grade			Never used			In kinder-garten or before		In 1st, 2nd, or 3rd grade		In 4th or 5th grade		In 6th, 7th, or 8th grade		In high school			Never used
1	2		3		4			5		6		7		8		9			10			11		12		13		14		15			16
Total	41.1	(0.77)	44.0	(0.77)	10.6		(0.48)	4.3	(0.31)	34.8	(0.66)	41.7	(0.68)	15.8	(0.51)	7.0		(0.35)	0.7		(0.11)	28.9	(0.66)	35.1	(0.70)	17.0	(0.55)	15.0	(0.52)	3.5		(0.27)	0.5		(0.10)
Sex
Male	39.4	(1.07)	44.8	(1.09)	10.7		(0.68)	5.0	(0.48)	32.6	(0.90)	42.6	(0.95)	16.7	(0.72)	7.2		(0.50)	1.0		(0.19)	29.3	(0.94)	35.2	(0.98)	17.0	(0.77)	14.1	(0.72)	3.8		(0.39)	0.7		(0.17)
Female	42.8	(1.09)	43.1	(1.09)	10.5		(0.68)	3.5	(0.41)	37.2	(0.97)	40.7	(0.98)	15.0	(0.71)	6.8		(0.50)	0.3	!	(0.11)	28.6	(0.94)	35.0	(0.99)	16.9	(0.78)	16.0	(0.76)	3.2		(0.37)	0.3	!	(0.11)
Race/ethnicity
White	46.0	(1.17)	43.7	(1.16)	7.8		(0.63)	2.5	(0.37)	40.0	(1.01)	40.7	(1.01)	13.1	(0.70)	5.7		(0.48)	0.5	!	(0.14)	33.6	(1.02)	34.3	(1.03)	16.2	(0.80)	12.7	(0.72)	2.8		(0.36)	0.4	!	(0.14)
Black	40.4	(1.67)	39.1	(1.66)	14.1		(1.18)	6.5	(0.83)	34.8	(1.57)	41.0	(1.62)	14.2	(1.15)	8.8		(0.93)	1.3		(0.37)	28.6	(1.44)	35.9	(1.53)	15.7	(1.16)	15.7	(1.16)	3.4		(0.58)	0.7	!	(0.27)
Hispanic	33.2	(1.41)	46.7	(1.49)	13.8		(1.03)	6.3	(0.73)	27.3	(1.15)	43.2	(1.28)	20.7	(1.05)	8.3		(0.71)	0.5	!	(0.19)	20.4	(1.22)	36.0	(1.46)	20.5	(1.22)	18.0	(1.17)	4.4		(0.62)	0.6	!	(0.24)
Asian	41.3	(3.53)	50.5	(3.58)	6.6		(1.78)	‡	(†)	31.1	(2.82)	45.6	(3.04)	18.1	(2.35)	5.2		(1.35)	#		(†)	26.9	(2.82)	35.7	(3.04)	12.4	(2.10)	19.3	(2.50)	5.2		(1.41)	‡		(†)
Pacific Islander	‡	(†)	‡	(†)	‡		(†)	‡	(†)	‡	(†)	‡	(†)	‡	(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	21.6	(3.93)	34.2	(4.52)	18.9	(3.73)	18.0	(3.66)	7.2	!	(2.47)	#		(†)
American Indian/Alaska        Native	‡	(†)	‡	(†)	‡		(†)	‡	(†)	‡	(†)	‡	(†)	‡	(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)	‡	(†)	‡	(†)	‡	(†)	‡	(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)
Two or more races	43.4	(4.68)	49.6	(4.72)	5.3	!	(2.12)	‡	(†)	35.9	(4.26)	41.4	(4.37)	14.8	(3.15)	6.3	!	(2.15)	‡		(†)	37.2	(4.57)	33.6	(4.46)	16.8	(3.53)	11.5	(3.01)	‡		(†)	#		(†)
English language learner       (ELL) status
ELL	31.0	(2.17)	41.3	(2.31)	17.4		(1.78)	10.3	(1.43)	18.0	(2.04)	41.0	(2.61)	27.8	(2.38)	11.8		(1.71)	1.4	!	(0.62)	12.3	(2.58)	23.9	(3.35)	21.5	(3.23)	29.4	(3.58)	9.8		(2.34)	3.1	!	(1.35)
Non-ELL	42.4	(0.81)	44.3	(0.82)	9.8		(0.49)	3.5	(0.30)	36.1	(0.69)	41.7	(0.71)	15.0	(0.51)	6.6		(0.36)	0.6		(0.11)	29.5	(0.68)	35.5	(0.71)	16.8	(0.56)	14.5	(0.52)	3.3		(0.26)	0.4		(0.10)
Disability status1
Identified as student        with disability (SD)	35.6	(2.27)	38.5	(2.30)	18.3		(1.83)	7.6	(1.26)	29.1	(1.97)	36.2	(2.09)	19.2	(1.71)	13.0		(1.46)	2.5		(0.67)	26.1	(2.25)	27.6	(2.30)	20.3	(2.06)	18.7	(2.00)	6.8		(1.30)	‡		(†)
Not identified as SD	41.8	(0.81)	44.7	(0.82)	9.7		(0.49)	3.9	(0.32)	35.5	(0.70)	42.3	(0.72)	15.5	(0.53)	6.3		(0.36)	0.4		(0.10)	29.2	(0.69)	35.7	(0.73)	16.7	(0.57)	14.7	(0.54)	3.2		(0.27)	0.5		(0.11)
Eligibility for free or       reduced-price lunch
Eligible	36.5	(0.98)	44.6	(1.01)	13.1		(0.69)	5.7	(0.47)	30.5	(0.85)	42.2	(0.91)	17.7	(0.71)	8.5		(0.52)	1.0		(0.18)	22.2	(0.92)	36.3	(1.06)	18.4	(0.86)	18.1	(0.85)	4.1		(0.44)	0.8		(0.20)
Not eligible	47.7	(1.21)	43.2	(1.20)	7.0		(0.62)	2.2	(0.36)	40.8	(1.05)	40.5	(1.05)	13.4	(0.73)	5.1		(0.47)	0.2	!	(0.10)	34.2	(0.93)	34.1	(0.93)	15.8	(0.72)	12.7	(0.65)	3.0		(0.33)	0.3	!	(0.10)
Information not available	‡	(†)	‡	(†)	‡		(†)	‡	(†)	31.4	(4.55)	50.5	(4.90)	14.3	(3.43)	3.8	!	(1.88)	#		(†)	‡	(†)	‡	(†)	‡	(†)	‡	(†)	‡		(†)	‡		(†)
School locale
City	36.9	(1.34)	44.7	(1.38)	13.2		(0.94)	5.3	(0.62)	32.1	(1.25)	42.9	(1.33)	17.1	(1.01)	7.2		(0.69)	0.7	!	(0.23)	28.4	(1.06)	34.6	(1.12)	17.2	(0.89)	15.5	(0.85)	3.7		(0.45)	0.6	!	(0.18)
Suburb	45.6	(1.22)	41.9	(1.21)	8.8		(0.69)	3.7	(0.46)	36.8	(1.02)	41.1	(1.04)	14.3	(0.74)	7.0		(0.54)	0.8		(0.19)	28.1	(1.07)	35.9	(1.14)	17.1	(0.90)	15.6	(0.86)	3.1		(0.41)	0.3	!	(0.14)
Town	35.3	(2.31)	48.8	(2.41)	12.1		(1.57)	3.7	(0.91)	35.3	(2.10)	39.3	(2.15)	19.1	(1.73)	6.2		(1.06)	‡		(†)	32.1	(2.95)	30.6	(2.91)	14.3	(2.21)	17.9	(2.42)	5.2		(1.40)	#		(†)
Rural	41.8	(1.81)	44.7	(1.83)	9.3		(1.07)	4.2	(0.74)	33.9	(1.47)	42.6	(1.54)	16.1	(1.14)	7.0		(0.79)	0.5	!	(0.22)	31.0	(1.58)	35.7	(1.64)	16.9	(1.28)	12.1	(1.11)	3.5		(0.63)	0.8	!	(0.31)

†Not applicable.

#Rounds to zero.

!Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 and 50 percent.

‡Reporting standards not met. Either there are too few cases for a reliable estimate or the coefficient of variation (CV) is 50 percent or greater.

1 The student with disability (SD) variable used in this table includes students who have a 504 plan, even if they do not have an Individualized Education Plan (IEP).

NOTE: Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: American Institutes for Research, National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) Validity Studies Panel, Initial Tables From the 2015 Computer Access and Familiarity Study. (This table was prepared January 2017.)