- Surveys & Programs
- Data & Tools
- Fast Facts
- News & Events
- Publications & Products
- About Us
 |
| 2022 Tables and Figures | All Years of Tables and Figures | Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest |
 Previous Page |
Download Excel  (617KB) |
| Table 605.20. | Government and private expenditures on education institutions as a percentage of gross domestic product, by level of education and country: Selected years, 2005 through 2019 |
| Land | All institutions1 | Elementary and secondary institutions | Postsecondary institutions | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Government expenditures | All expenditures, 2019 | Government expenditures | All expenditures, 2019 | Government expenditures | All expenditures, 2019 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | 2017 | 2018 | Govern- ment |
Private | Total2 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | 2017 | 2018 | Govern- ment |
Private | Total2 | 2005 | 2010 | 2015 | 2017 | 2018 | Govern- ment |
Private | Total2 | |||||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | ||||||||
| OECD average3 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 0.8 | 4.9 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 0.3 | 3.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.5 | 1.5 | ||||||||
| Australia4 | 3.9 | 4.6 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 2.0 | 5 | 6.1 | 3.2 | 3.8 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.4 | 0.7 | 4.1 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 5 | 1.9 | ||||||
| Österreich | --- | --- | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 0.3 | 4.7 | --- | --- | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 0.1 | 2.9 | --- | --- | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 1.7 | ||||||||
| Belgien | 5.0 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 0.3 | 5.6 | 3.9 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 0.1 | 4.1 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 1.5 | ||||||||
| Canada6 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 1.4 | 5 | 5.7 | 3.1 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 7 | 3.3 | 7 | 3.2 | 7 | 3.2 | 7 | 0.4 | 5,7 | 3.5 | 7 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 5 | 2.2 |
| Chile | 2.8 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 2.4 | 6.5 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 0.7 | 3.9 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.6 | 2.7 | ||||||||
Colombia7 |
4.6 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 1.9 | 5.7 | 4.0 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.4 | 0.9 | 4.3 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 1.4 | ||||||||
| Costa Rica | --- | 6.0 | 6.4 | --- | 5.4 | 6.2 | --- | --- | --- | 4.8 | 4.8 | --- | 3.9 | 4.7 | --- | --- | --- | 1.2 | 1.5 | --- | 1.6 | 1.5 | --- | --- | ||||||||
| Tschechische Republik | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 0.4 | 4.3 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 0.2 | 3.1 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 1.2 | ||||||||
| Dänemark | 5.9 | 6.2 | --- | 5.1 | 5.0 | 4.9 | 0.4 | 5.4 | 4.3 | 4.6 | --- | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 0.2 | 3.6 | 1.6 | 1.7 | --- | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 1.8 | ||||||||
| Estland | 4.1 | 4.8 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 0.4 | 4.7 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 0.1 | 3.2 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 1.5 | ||||||||
Finnland |
5.2 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 0.1 | 5.2 | 3.7 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.7 | # | 3.7 | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 0.1 | 1.5 | ||||||||
| Frankreich | 4.6 | 4.8 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 0.7 | 5.2 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.3 | 0.3 | 3.7 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 1.5 | ||||||||
| Deutschland | 3.7 | 3.9 | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 0.6 | 4.3 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 3.1 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 1.3 | ||||||||
| Greece7 | 3.9 | --- | 3.4 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 0.3 | 3.7 | 2.5 | --- | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 0.2 | 2.8 | 1.4 | --- | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.9 | ||||||||
| Ungarn | 4.1 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 0.7 | 3.8 | 3.2 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 0.5 | 2.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.9 | ||||||||
Island |
6.1 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 0.2 | 5.7 | 5.0 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 0.1 | 4.5 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 1.3 | ||||||||
| Ireland8 | 4.0 | 5.4 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 0.4 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 4.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.1 | 0.2 | 2.3 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.8 | ||||||||
| Israel | 4.4 | 4.5 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 1.2 | 6.2 | 3.5 | 3.7 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 4.3 | 4.3 | 0.5 | 4.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 1.4 | ||||||||
| Italien | 3.6 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 0.5 | 3.8 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 0.2 | 2.9 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.9 | ||||||||
| Japan9 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 1.1 | 4.0 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.4 | 0.2 | 2.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 1.4 | ||||||||
Korea, Republic of |
--- | --- | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 1.3 | 5 | 5.3 | --- | --- | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 0.4 | 5 | 3.7 | --- | --- | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 5 | 1.5 | |||||
| Lettland | 3.9 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 0.6 | 4.3 | 3.1 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 0.2 | 2.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 1.3 | ||||||||
| Litauen | 3.9 | 4.4 | 3.4 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 0.4 | 3.5 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 0.1 | 2.4 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 1.1 | ||||||||
| Luxemburg | --- | --- | 3.2 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 0.1 | 3.3 | 3.7 | 3.3 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 0.1 | 2.9 | --- | --- | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | # | 0.5 | ||||||||
| Mexiko | 4.0 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 1.2 | 4.6 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 0.6 | 3.2 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 1.4 | ||||||||
Niederlande |
4.1 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 0.9 | 5.1 | 3.1 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 0.5 | 3.4 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 1.7 | ||||||||
| New Zealand10 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.2 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 1.2 | 5.1 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.2 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 0.5 | 3.5 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.6 | ||||||||
| Norway11 | 6.6 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 0.1 | 6.6 | 4.9 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 4.6 | 4.6 | # | 4.6 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 0.1 | 1.9 | ||||||||
| Poland12 | 4.8 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 0.6 | 4.5 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 0.3 | 3.2 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 1.3 | ||||||||
| Portugal | 4.4 | 4.6 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 0.7 | 4.8 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 0.4 | 3.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 1.1 | ||||||||
Slovak Republic |
3.1 | 3.2 | 3.7 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 0.5 | 3.9 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 0.3 | 3.0 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.9 | ||||||||
| Slowenien | 4.7 | 4.5 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 0.4 | 4.2 | 3.7 | 3.5 | 3.0 | 2.9 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 0.3 | 3.1 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 1.1 | ||||||||
| Spanien | 3.5 | 4.0 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 0.8 | 4.3 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 0.4 | 3.1 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1.3 | ||||||||
| Schweden | 5.3 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 5.2 | 5.3 | 5.2 | 0.2 | 5.5 | 4.0 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.9 | 4.0 | 3.9 | # | 3.9 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 0.2 | 1.6 | ||||||||
| Schweiz | 4.6 | 4.2 | 4.4 | 4.4 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.4 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 3.1 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | --- | --- | --- | ||||||||
Türkiye |
2.6 | 3.2 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 1.4 | 5.2 | 1.9 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 0.9 | 3.6 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 1.6 | ||||||||
| Vereinigtes Königreich | --- | --- | 4.3 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 3.9 | 2.1 | 6.0 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 3.8 | 3.6 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 0.6 | 4.1 | --- | --- | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1.4 | 2.0 | ||||||||
| Vereinigte Staaten | 4.5 | 4.7 | 4.1 | 4.2 | 4.1 | 4.1 | 1.9 | 6.0 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 0.3 | 3.5 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 1.6 | 2.5 | ||||||||
Other reporting country |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Brasilien |
3.9 | 4.9 | 5.0 | 5.1 | 5.0 | --- | --- | --- | 3.2 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 3.9 | --- | --- | --- | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.1 | --- | --- | --- | ||||||||
| ---Not available. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| #Rounds to zero. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1Includes expenditures that could not be reported by level of education. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2Includes government expenditures, private expenditures, and international expenditures that are not shown separately in the table. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3Refers to the mean of the data values for all reporting Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries, to which each country reporting data contributes equally. The average includes all current OECD countries for which a given year's data are available, even if they were not members of OECD in that year. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4Due to revised data sources and methodology, expenditure data from 2018 onward are not comparable with data from earlier years. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5Includes expenditures on education institutions from international sources. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6Elementary and secondary education expenditures include preprimary education (for children ages 3 and older). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 7Elementary and secondary education expenditures exclude postsecondary nondegree programs. Postsecondary nondegree figures are treated as negligible. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8Methodology has been revised due to a large GDP increase in 2015, resulting in a break in trend expenditure data for years prior to 2015. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9Postsecondary nondegree programs included in both secondary and postsecondary programs. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10Due to revised data sources and methodology, data for 2018 and 2019 cannot be compared with data from earlier years. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11Due to changes in the method used to allocate expenditure on education across ISCED level 2 and above, data for 2019 should not be compared with data from earlier years. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 12Due to educational structural reform in school year 2017-18, ISCED 1 to 3 data for 2017 are not comparable with data from earlier years. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| NOTE: Government expenditures on education include both amounts spent directly by governments to hire education personnel and procure other resources as well as amounts provided by governments to public or private institutions. Types of expenditures may include direct expenditures, research and development activities, ancillary expenditures, and capital expenditures. Private expenditures include government subsidies that are used for payments to education institutions. All data in this table were calculated using International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) 2011. Expenditures for ISCED level 4 (postsecondary nondegree programs) are included in elementary and secondary education unless otherwise noted. Data are collected for the financial year ending in the reported year for each country. For more information on the financial year reported by OECD countries, see Annex Table X1.3 here: https://stat.link/3ha7ok. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Some data have been revised from previously published figures. This table includes only data that had been validated for consistency and accuracy by OECD and the relevant country as of October 19, 2022. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| SOURCE: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Online Education Database, retrieved October 19, 2022, from https://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx. (This table was prepared October 2022.) |
