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Digest of Education Statistics
2023 Tables and Figures All Years of Tables and Figures Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest

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Table 104.70.Number and percentage distribution of children under age 18, by related adult’s highest level of educational attainment, child's age group and race/ethnicity, and household type: 2012 and 2022
[Standard errors appear in parentheses]
Year, age group, race/ethnicity, and household type Total, all children under age 18 living with a related householder Highest level of education attained by any related adult in the household1
Total, all levels Less than high school completion High school completion2 Some college, no degree Associate's degree Bachelor's or higher degree
Number (in thousands) Percentage distribution Total Bachelor's degree Master's degree Doctor's degree3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
2012
     Total  72,227 (30.6) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 8.8 (0.07) 18.7 (0.09) 24.5 (0.10) 10.6 (0.06) 37.4 (0.14) 21.3 (0.09) 11.1 (0.07) 5.0 (0.04)

Age group

































  4 years old and under  19,521 (19.5) 27.0 (0.02) 100.0 (†) 9.3 (0.12) 18.7 (0.13) 24.3 (0.13) 9.7 (0.09) 38.0 (0.21) 21.1 (0.15) 11.6 (0.11) 5.3 (0.08)
  5 to 17 years old  52,707 (27.4) 73.0 (0.02) 100.0 (†) 8.6 (0.08) 18.6 (0.09) 24.6 (0.12) 10.9 (0.08) 37.2 (0.14) 21.3 (0.10) 11.0 (0.08) 4.9 (0.04)

Race/ethnicity

 


 

 


 

 


 

 


 

 


 

 


 

 


 

 


 

 


 

 


 

 


 
  American Indian/Alaska Native  547 (7.4) 0.8 (0.01) 100.0 (†) 8.3 (0.59) 26.3 (0.83) 33.2 (0.86) 12.9 (0.79) 19.4 (0.76) 11.8 (0.64) 6.0 (0.44) 1.6 (0.27)
  Asian  3,218 (16.0) 4.5 (0.02) 100.0 (†) 6.0 (0.23) 9.3 (0.34) 12.3 (0.32) 6.8 (0.25) 65.7 (0.46) 31.2 (0.36) 21.6 (0.40) 12.9 (0.28)
  Black 9,898 (27.9) 13.7 (0.04) 100.0 (†) 9.2 (0.20) 23.8 (0.27) 33.0 (0.30) 11.1 (0.20) 22.9 (0.29) 14.1 (0.22) 6.9 (0.16) 2.0 (0.08)
  Hispanic 17,228 (13.2) 23.9 (0.01) 100.0 (†) 22.3 (0.20) 25.8 (0.26) 25.7 (0.20) 8.1 (0.14) 18.0 (0.20) 11.8 (0.16) 4.4 (0.09) 1.8 (0.06)
  Pacific Islander  126 (4.6) 0.2 (0.01) 100.0 (†) 2.5 (0.66) 25.1 (2.41) 38.7 (2.30) 12.7 (1.85) 20.9 (1.93) 13.9 (1.57) 4.5 (0.88) 2.5 ! (0.75)
  White 38,043 (14.0) 52.7 (0.03) 100.0 (†) 3.1 (0.06) 15.0 (0.10) 22.4 (0.14) 11.9 (0.10) 47.6 (0.17) 26.6 (0.14) 14.4 (0.10) 6.5 (0.07)
  Some other race4  199 (9.0) 0.3 (0.01) 100.0 (†) 10.6 (1.59) 18.7 (1.82) 21.5 (1.64) 8.2 (1.08) 41.0 (2.18) 20.9 (1.49) 11.2 (1.07) 8.8 (1.00)
  Two or more races  2,968 (28.4) 4.1 (0.04) 100.0 (†) 4.3 (0.19) 15.4 (0.40) 27.3 (0.43) 11.5 (0.34) 41.5 (0.52) 22.8 (0.39) 12.2 (0.32) 6.5 (0.21)

Household type, by race/ethnicity


































  Two-parent household 

45,449


(76.0)

100.0


(†)

100.0


(†)

5.4


(0.07)

13.7


(0.11)

20.7


(0.12)

10.9


(0.09)

49.3


(0.16)

26.8


(0.12)

15.2


(0.10)

7.2


(0.06)
    American Indian/Alaska Native  232 (5.4) 0.5 (0.01) 100.0 (†) 2.3 (0.38) 21.5 (1.27) 32.7 (1.49) 14.6 (1.14) 28.9 (1.29) 17.1 (1.11) 9.5 (0.88) 2.4 (0.41)
    Asian  2,674 (16.2) 5.9 (0.04) 100.0 (†) 5.1 (0.23) 7.6 (0.31) 10.6 (0.32) 6.3 (0.26) 70.4 (0.45) 31.8 (0.37) 24.2 (0.43) 14.5 (0.31)
    Black 3,061 (25.7) 6.7 (0.05) 100.0 (†) 2.0 (0.16) 14.3 (0.38) 27.6 (0.57) 13.5 (0.40) 42.6 (0.59) 23.9 (0.51) 13.6 (0.40) 5.0 (0.25)
    Hispanic 9,750 (39.2) 21.5 (0.08) 100.0 (†) 18.3 (0.28) 24.0 (0.35) 24.7 (0.30) 8.8 (0.19) 24.2 (0.29) 15.2 (0.23) 6.3 (0.14) 2.7 (0.08)
    Pacific Islander  76 (3.5) 0.2 (0.01) 100.0 (†) (†) 20.9 (3.35) 35.6 (3.10) 15.8 (2.82) 26.8 (2.86) 16.9 (2.34) 6.7 (1.41) 3.3 ! (1.08)
    White 27,874 (56.4) 61.3 (0.08) 100.0 (†) 1.5 (0.04) 10.9 (0.11) 19.4 (0.16) 11.8 (0.12) 56.5 (0.18) 30.7 (0.16) 17.6 (0.12) 8.2 (0.09)
    Some other race4  118 (6.4) 0.3 (0.01) 100.0 (†) 7.4 (1.55) 12.1 (1.80) 18.6 (1.73) 7.4 (1.23) 54.5 (2.58) 26.1 (1.91) 14.8 (1.57) 13.7 (1.58)
    Two or more races  1,664 (19.9) 3.7 (0.04) 100.0 (†) 1.2 (0.16) 8.5 (0.42) 21.3 (0.57) 11.2 (0.45) 57.9 (0.71) 29.7 (0.61) 18.0 (0.49) 10.2 (0.35)

  Single-parent household 

24,666


(86.7)

100.0


(†)

100.0


(†)

14.5


(0.18)

26.9


(0.18)

31.1


(0.20)

10.1


(0.12)

17.4


(0.17)

11.9


(0.13)

4.2


(0.07)

1.3


(0.04)
    American Indian/Alaska Native  279 (6.5) 1.1 (0.03) 100.0 (†) 12.2 (0.96) 30.0 (1.29) 34.2 (1.17) 11.8 (1.01) 11.9 (1.00) 7.7 (0.85) 3.4 (0.50) 0.8 ! (0.27)
    Asian  491 (12.7) 2.0 (0.05) 100.0 (†) 9.9 (0.78) 17.1 (0.99) 20.4 (0.97) 9.7 (0.75) 43.0 (1.22) 29.1 (1.04) 8.8 (0.65) 5.1 (0.52)
    Black 6,244 (34.0) 25.3 (0.12) 100.0 (†) 12.2 (0.31) 27.7 (0.35) 35.8 (0.40) 10.2 (0.22) 14.1 (0.27) 9.7 (0.23) 3.8 (0.13) 0.6 (0.05)
    Hispanic 6,972 (38.5) 28.3 (0.13) 100.0 (†) 27.7 (0.38) 28.1 (0.36) 27.1 (0.34) 7.2 (0.20) 9.9 (0.22) 7.3 (0.18) 1.9 (0.08) 0.7 (0.06)
    Pacific Islander  43 (3.2) 0.2 (0.01) 100.0 (†) 5.7 ! (1.83) 32.6 (4.20) 44.5 (4.11) 6.2 (1.34) 10.9 (2.69) 8.6 (2.36) (†) (†)
    White 9,355 (54.2) 37.9 (0.14) 100.0 (†) 7.4 (0.18) 26.1 (0.27) 30.9 (0.31) 12.0 (0.19) 23.6 (0.27) 15.8 (0.22) 5.8 (0.13) 2.0 (0.08)
    Some other race4  74 (5.3) 0.3 (0.02) 100.0 (†) 14.1 (2.28) 28.9 (3.57) 25.0 (2.89) 10.0 (1.90) 22.0 (2.92) 13.9 (2.31) 6.3 (1.47) 1.8 ! (0.64)
    Two or more races  1,209 (21.4) 4.9 (0.09) 100.0 (†) 8.2 (0.42) 23.8 (0.67) 35.4 (0.74) 11.9 (0.49) 20.7 (0.62) 14.1 (0.59) 4.7 (0.30) 1.8 (0.21)

  Household with a related 
     householder but no parent

2,113


(23.6)

100.0


(†)

100.0


(†)

15.4


(0.40)

29.6


(0.50)

29.6


(0.50)

9.0


(0.33)

16.3


(0.37)

10.2


(0.31)

4.5


(0.21)

1.6


(0.12)
    American Indian/Alaska Native  36 (2.0) 1.7 (0.09) 100.0 (†) 16.5 (2.80) 28.3 (2.65) 28.7 (2.67) 10.0 (2.12) 16.6 (2.47) 10.4 (1.97) 3.4 ! (1.37) 2.7 ! (1.04)
    Asian  53 (3.0) 2.5 (0.14) 100.0 (†) 15.7 (2.44) 20.2 (2.73) 21.3 (2.57) 6.6 (1.26) 36.2 (2.70) 19.9 (2.11) 8.6 (1.63) 7.7 (1.35)
    Black 594 (12.0) 28.1 (0.49) 100.0 (†) 14.8 (0.79) 30.7 (1.02) 31.6 (1.05) 8.1 (0.60) 14.8 (0.84) 9.0 (0.56) 4.8 (0.46) 1.0 (0.20)
    Hispanic 507 (13.8) 24.0 (0.59) 100.0 (†) 25.0 (1.02) 28.4 (1.10) 27.7 (1.07) 7.0 (0.67) 11.9 (0.64) 8.4 (0.56) 2.4 (0.29) 1.1 (0.19)
    Pacific Islander  7 (1.2) 0.3 (0.06) 100.0 (†) (†) 25.4 ! (7.77) 37.6 (8.28) 19.6 ! (6.46) 17.2 ! (6.99) 14.4 ! (7.01) (†) (†)
    White 814 (13.6) 38.5 (0.48) 100.0 (†) 10.7 (0.59) 30.3 (0.81) 29.7 (0.73) 10.8 (0.55) 18.5 (0.65) 11.3 (0.47) 5.4 (0.42) 1.8 (0.20)
    Some other race4  7 (1.9) 0.3 (0.09) 100.0 (†) (†) 23.5 ! (8.31) 32.0 ! (9.68) (†) 12.5 ! (5.27) 7.8 ! (3.62) (†) (†)
    Two or more races  96 (4.7) 4.5 (0.21) 100.0 (†) 8.2 (1.27) 29.9 (2.40) 30.8 (2.05) 11.7 (1.48) 19.4 (2.05) 12.2 (1.62) 5.5 (1.41) 1.7 ! (0.57)

2022

































     Total  70,868 (30.7) 100.0 (†) 100.0 (†) 5.6 (0.07) 17.5 (0.12) 19.4 (0.10) 10.8 (0.08) 46.8 (0.17) 24.3 (0.11) 15.9 (0.10) 6.6 (0.06)

Age group

































  4 years old and under  17,984 (18.7) 25.4 (0.03) 100.0 (†) 5.2 (0.10) 17.8 (0.20) 18.7 (0.16) 9.9 (0.10) 48.3 (0.23) 25.3 (0.20) 16.0 (0.14) 7.0 (0.09)
  5 to 17 years old  52,884 (30.8) 74.6 (0.03) 100.0 (†) 5.7 (0.08) 17.4 (0.12) 19.6 (0.11) 11.1 (0.09) 46.2 (0.18) 23.9 (0.11) 15.8 (0.11) 6.5 (0.06)

Race/ethnicity

































  American Indian/Alaska Native  420 (5.4) 0.6 (0.01) 100.0 (†) 5.3 (0.46) 25.1 (1.15) 28.9 (1.09) 14.9 (0.90) 25.9 (0.78) 15.5 (0.70) 8.6 (0.56) 1.8 (0.24)
  Asian  3,591 (17.2) 5.1 (0.02) 100.0 (†) 4.2 (0.19) 8.0 (0.29) 8.2 (0.28) 5.2 (0.20) 74.4 (0.41) 29.9 (0.38) 29.7 (0.38) 14.7 (0.30)
  Black 9,033 (32.3) 12.7 (0.04) 100.0 (†) 5.5 (0.20) 23.6 (0.35) 26.3 (0.37) 12.2 (0.27) 32.4 (0.39) 17.8 (0.31) 11.3 (0.24) 3.3 (0.13)
  Hispanic 18,352 (12.8) 25.9 (0.01) 100.0 (†) 12.6 (0.17) 25.5 (0.24) 23.2 (0.21) 10.3 (0.14) 28.4 (0.25) 17.5 (0.19) 7.8 (0.13) 3.0 (0.08)
  Pacific Islander  138 (5.0) 0.2 (0.01) 100.0 (†) 3.9 (0.89) 23.8 (2.17) 29.2 (2.24) 10.3 (1.40) 32.8 (1.96) 19.5 (1.83) 9.0 (1.39) 4.4 ! (1.61)
  White 33,652 (22.3) 47.5 (0.04) 100.0 (†) 2.4 (0.06) 13.0 (0.13) 16.5 (0.11) 11.2 (0.10) 57.0 (0.19) 29.0 (0.14) 19.7 (0.13) 8.3 (0.08)
  Some other race4  557 (12.6) 0.8 (0.02) 100.0 (†) 4.1 (0.50) 15.1 (1.03) 15.9 (1.00) 10.3 (0.90) 54.6 (1.38) 26.3 (1.35) 18.4 (0.83) 10.0 (0.96)
  Two or more races  5,125 (36.3) 7.2 (0.05) 100.0 (†) 2.8 (0.16) 13.8 (0.26) 19.6 (0.38) 11.4 (0.28) 52.3 (0.41) 25.7 (0.39) 18.1 (0.32) 8.5 (0.21)

Household type, by race/ethnicity


































  Two-parent household 

45,321


(88.0)

100.0


(†)

100.0


(†)

3.3


(0.06)

11.6


(0.11)

15.6


(0.11)

10.4


(0.09)

59.2


(0.18)

29.2


(0.12)

20.9


(0.13)

9.1


(0.08)
    American Indian/Alaska Native  167 (5.1) 0.4 (0.01) 100.0 (†) 1.9 (0.41) 18.3 (1.33) 23.4 (1.69) 16.0 (1.23) 40.4 (1.64) 22.1 (1.34) 15.4 (1.10) 2.9 (0.41)
    Asian  3,034 (18.3) 6.7 (0.04) 100.0 (†) 3.5 (0.20) 6.7 (0.26) 6.8 (0.26) 4.3 (0.21) 78.7 (0.43) 29.8 (0.43) 32.8 (0.41) 16.1 (0.33)
    Black 3,109 (34.1) 6.9 (0.07) 100.0 (†) 2.2 (0.26) 12.7 (0.42) 19.4 (0.64) 12.4 (0.47) 53.3 (0.74) 27.1 (0.62) 19.5 (0.58) 6.7 (0.30)
    Hispanic 10,369 (43.3) 22.9 (0.07) 100.0 (†) 9.0 (0.18) 21.7 (0.31) 21.7 (0.25) 10.9 (0.18) 36.7 (0.35) 21.5 (0.26) 10.8 (0.20) 4.4 (0.13)
    Pacific Islander  74 (4.5) 0.2 (0.01) 100.0 (†) (†) 15.3 (2.34) 28.8 (3.40) 12.8 (2.45) 40.7 (2.95) 23.7 (2.66) 11.6 (2.13) 5.4 ! (2.64)
    White 25,091 (52.5) 55.4 (0.09) 100.0 (†) 1.3 (0.06) 8.4 (0.12) 13.7 (0.12) 10.6 (0.11) 65.9 (0.19) 32.4 (0.15) 23.4 (0.15) 10.0 (0.10)
    Some other race4  382 (11.0) 0.8 (0.02) 100.0 (†) 2.0 (0.41) 11.4 (1.10) 14.2 (1.32) 8.6 (1.08) 63.9 (1.61) 29.9 (1.58) 21.8 (1.19) 12.2 (1.28)
    Two or more races  3,094 (27.9) 6.8 (0.06) 100.0 (†) 1.0 (0.13) 7.0 (0.29) 14.0 (0.40) 10.0 (0.32) 68.0 (0.51) 31.3 (0.49) 24.3 (0.43) 12.4 (0.33)

  Single-parent household 

23,290


(94.7)

100.0


(†)

100.0


(†)

9.5


(0.15)

27.8


(0.24)

26.2


(0.20)

11.6


(0.14)

24.9


(0.21)

15.7


(0.15)

7.0


(0.12)

2.2


(0.06)
    American Indian/Alaska Native  212 (5.8) 0.9 (0.02) 100.0 (†) 7.0 (0.78) 30.2 (1.86) 32.9 (1.51) 13.9 (1.39) 16.1 (1.27) 11.6 (0.97) 3.6 (0.68) 0.9 ! (0.37)
    Asian  497 (10.8) 2.1 (0.04) 100.0 (†) 7.7 (0.80) 15.0 (1.04) 16.6 (1.00) 9.8 (0.67) 50.9 (1.32) 30.6 (1.23) 13.4 (0.82) 6.8 (0.59)
    Black 5,355 (39.4) 23.0 (0.15) 100.0 (†) 7.2 (0.29) 29.4 (0.50) 30.2 (0.43) 12.1 (0.34) 21.1 (0.41) 12.7 (0.30) 7.0 (0.23) 1.4 (0.11)
    Hispanic 7,424 (42.6) 31.9 (0.14) 100.0 (†) 17.0 (0.31) 30.7 (0.36) 25.1 (0.33) 9.5 (0.21) 17.7 (0.31) 12.4 (0.24) 4.0 (0.15) 1.3 (0.07)
    Pacific Islander  52 (3.5) 0.2 (0.02) 100.0 (†) 5.7 (1.19) 35.7 (4.08) 28.0 (3.29) 7.9 (1.81) 22.7 (3.08) 14.3 (2.79) 5.0 ! (1.62) (†)
    White 7,714 (49.5) 33.1 (0.14) 100.0 (†) 5.1 (0.15) 25.6 (0.30) 24.6 (0.25) 12.8 (0.22) 31.9 (0.29) 19.6 (0.22) 9.2 (0.18) 3.1 (0.11)
    Some other race4  156 (6.8) 0.7 (0.03) 100.0 (†) 8.8 (1.39) 22.4 (2.19) 19.8 (1.69) 15.1 (1.77) 33.9 (2.27) 18.4 (1.94) 10.3 (1.14) 5.3 (1.08)
    Two or more races  1,880 (25.8) 8.1 (0.11) 100.0 (†) 5.5 (0.33) 24.2 (0.56) 28.1 (0.71) 13.5 (0.49) 28.7 (0.62) 17.3 (0.57) 8.7 (0.36) 2.7 (0.19)

  Household with a related 
     householder but no parent

2,257


(25.4)

100.0


(†)

100.0


(†)

10.6


(0.40)

29.9


(0.53)

25.3


(0.53)

11.5


(0.41)

22.7


(0.53)

13.7


(0.41)

6.7


(0.31)

2.3


(0.14)
    American Indian/Alaska Native  41 (2.9) 1.8 (0.13) 100.0 (†) 10.1 (1.77) 26.7 (3.38) 30.6 (3.27) 15.3 (3.20) 17.3 (2.62) 9.1 (2.03) 6.6 (1.84) 1.6 ! (0.63)
    Asian  60 (3.9) 2.7 (0.17) 100.0 (†) 7.2 (1.70) 18.3 (2.67) 14.2 (1.90) 9.0 (1.44) 51.3 (2.91) 32.7 (3.09) 10.1 (1.51) 8.5 (1.74)
    Black 568 (16.1) 25.2 (0.57) 100.0 (†) 8.2 (0.68) 28.8 (1.26) 27.0 (1.28) 11.4 (0.80) 24.5 (1.26) 15.0 (1.13) 7.6 (0.63) 1.9 (0.35)
    Hispanic 559 (11.2) 24.8 (0.43) 100.0 (†) 18.7 (0.91) 29.0 (1.02) 25.1 (0.96) 10.2 (0.79) 17.0 (0.84) 11.4 (0.73) 4.3 (0.45) 1.2 (0.19)
    Pacific Islander  11 (2.1) 0.5 (0.09) 100.0 (†) (†) 24.9 (7.29) 36.6 (9.92) 5.3 ! (2.46) 27.7 (7.12) 15.1 ! (6.19) 10.1 ! (4.93) (†)
    White 847 (13.7) 37.5 (0.53) 100.0 (†) 8.0 (0.55) 33.0 (0.83) 24.3 (0.70) 11.6 (0.61) 23.1 (0.69) 13.0 (0.57) 7.2 (0.40) 2.9 (0.25)
    Some other race4  19 (2.4) 0.9 (0.10) 100.0 (†) 7.1 ! (2.83) 28.4 (5.94) 18.8 (4.22) 7.0 ! (3.00) 38.6 (5.46) 18.6 (4.24) 16.7 (4.18) 3.4 ! (1.66)
    Two or more races  151 (5.9) 6.7 (0.26) 100.0 (†) 7.0 (1.14) 26.1 (1.54) 28.0 (1.97) 16.4 (1.42) 22.5 (1.52) 13.3 (1.21) 7.3 (0.97) 1.9 ! (0.61)
†Not applicable.
!Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 and 50 percent.
‡Reporting standards not met. Either there are too few cases for a reliable estimate or the coefficient of variation (CV) is 50 percent or greater.
1Includes adults who were related to the child and the householder or were themselves the householder. Excludes adults who were related to the child but not to the householder. Also includes related householders who were under age 18.
2Includes parents who completed high school through equivalency programs, such as a GED program.
3Includes parents with professional degrees.
4Respondents who wrote in some other race that was not included as an option on the questionnaire.
NOTE: Data are based on sample surveys of the entire population residing within the United States, but this table includes only children under age 18 who live in a household and are related to the householder by birth, marriage, or adoption; children married to the householder are excluded. The householder is the person (or one of the people) who owns or rents (maintains) the housing unit. Children in single-parent households resided with only one parent, while those in two-parent households resided with two parents. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey (ACS), 1-Year Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) data, 2012 and 2022. (This table was prepared November 2023.)

2023 Tables and Figures All Years of Tables and Figures Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest

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