Children and students 3 to 21 years old served under Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), Part B, by age group and sex, race/ethnicity, and type of disability: School year 2022-23

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Table 204.50.Children and students 3 to 21 years old served under Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), Part B, by age group and sex, race/ethnicity, and type of disability: School year 2022-23
Type of disability	Total¹	3 to 5 years old (including only 5-year-olds not yet in kindergarten)²	5 to 21 years old (including only 5-year-olds in kindergarten)³	Total, 3 to 21 years old
	Number of children and students served
All disabilities	7,525,941	364,521	162,574	4,517,884	2,411,466	85,066	213,901	1,269,666	2,106,840	21,378	3,438,067	390,536
Autism	980,272	---	---	732,360	167,638	7,083	65,410	155,669	275,126	2,870	417,210	55,702
Deaf-blindness	1,852	---	---	908	809	26	101	217	456	8	953	87
Developmental delay⁴	518,045	---	---	194,449	82,101	9,245	17,841	91,430	115,986	1,890	250,871	31,209
Emotional disturbance	326,875	---	---	221,163	97,695	3,877	3,565	67,374	64,656	630	163,530	22,656
Hearing impairment	69,595	---	---	34,036	30,024	745	4,202	8,561	22,960	340	29,623	3,207
Intellectual disability	434,179	---	---	243,269	172,447	4,898	11,254	110,455	124,857	1,563	163,880	17,369
Multiple disabilities	126,209	---	---	74,665	47,384	1,873	5,070	20,829	27,425	563	64,534	5,954
Orthopedic impairment	31,635	---	---	16,263	12,203	251	1,663	3,880	9,023	108	15,129	1,600
Other health impairment⁵	1,149,816	---	---	794,454	342,812	10,756	17,753	198,343	250,259	2,451	602,806	66,541
Specific learning disability	2,408,411	---	---	1,354,909	1,009,317	31,514	35,722	430,297	796,024	7,834	996,257	110,968
Speech or language impairment	1,429,556	---	---	823,899	429,325	14,168	49,431	175,126	408,615	2,967	707,760	72,850
Traumatic brain injury	24,653	---	---	14,767	9,076	299	718	3,919	5,561	65	12,917	1,167
Visual impairment	24,843	---	---	12,742	10,635	332	1,170	3,567	5,893	88	12,596	1,226
	Percentage distribution of children and students served
All disabilities	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Autism	13.0	---	---	16.2	7.0	8.3	30.6	12.3	13.1	13.4	12.1	14.3
Deaf-blindness	#	---	---	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	#
Developmental delay⁴	6.9	---	---	4.3	3.4	10.9	8.3	7.2	5.5	8.8	7.3	8.0
Emotional disturbance	4.3	---	---	4.9	4.1	4.6	1.7	5.3	3.1	2.9	4.8	5.8
Hearing impairment	0.9	---	---	0.8	1.2	0.9	2.0	0.7	1.1	1.6	0.9	0.8
Intellectual disability	5.8	---	---	5.4	7.2	5.8	5.3	8.7	5.9	7.3	4.8	4.4
Multiple disabilities	1.7	---	---	1.7	2.0	2.2	2.4	1.6	1.3	2.6	1.9	1.5
Orthopedic impairment	0.4	---	---	0.4	0.5	0.3	0.8	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.4
Other health impairment⁵	15.3	---	---	17.6	14.2	12.6	8.3	15.6	11.9	11.5	17.5	17.0
Specific learning disability	32.0	---	---	30.0	41.9	37.0	16.7	33.9	37.8	36.6	29.0	28.4
Speech or language impairment	19.0	---	---	18.2	17.8	16.7	23.1	13.8	19.4	13.9	20.6	18.7
Traumatic brain injury	0.3	---	---	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.3
Visual impairment	0.3	---	---	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3
	Number of children and students served as a percent of total enrollment⁶
All disabilities	15.2	‡	‡	18.3	10.3	18.9	7.9	17.2	14.7	11.7	15.6	15.9
Autism	2.0	---	---	3.0	0.7	1.6	2.4	2.1	1.9	1.6	1.9	2.3
Deaf-blindness	#	---	---	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	#	#
Developmental delay⁴	1.0	---	---	0.8	0.4	2.1	0.7	1.2	0.8	1.0	1.1	1.3
Emotional disturbance	0.7	---	---	0.9	0.4	0.9	0.1	0.9	0.5	0.3	0.7	0.9
Hearing impairment	0.1	---	---	0.1	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.1
Intellectual disability	0.9	---	---	1.0	0.7	1.1	0.4	1.5	0.9	0.9	0.7	0.7
Multiple disabilities	0.3	---	---	0.3	0.2	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.2
Orthopedic impairment	0.1	---	---	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other health impairment⁵	2.3	---	---	3.2	1.5	2.4	0.7	2.7	1.7	1.3	2.7	2.7
Specific learning disability	4.9	---	---	5.5	4.3	7.0	1.3	5.8	5.5	4.3	4.5	4.5
Speech or language impairment	2.9	---	---	3.3	1.8	3.2	1.8	2.4	2.8	1.6	3.2	3.0
Traumatic brain injury	0.0	---	---	0.1	#	0.1	#	0.1	#	#	0.1	#
Visual impairment	0.1	---	---	0.1	#	0.1	#	#	#	#	0.1	#
---Not available.
#Rounds to zero.
‡Reporting standards not met.
¹Totals are based on overall counts of children and students by type of disability; they are not based on summing the counts reported for the individual racial/ethnic groups or the counts reported by sex. (Due to data limitations, summing the counts by disability type within each racial/ethnic group would result in a total undercount of 488 children. Because of missing data on type of disability by sex, summing the counts by disability type for males and females would also result in undercounts.)
²For 3- to 5-year-olds not yet in kindergarten, no data are available on type of disability by sex.
³For 5-year-olds in kindergarten to 21-year-olds, data include only those children served for whom both sex and type of disability were reported. About 1 percent of all 5- to 21-year-olds are excluded from this table because of missing data.
⁴Although federal law does not require that states/entities and local education agencies categorize children according to developmental delay, if this category is required by state law, they are expected to report these children in the developmental delay category.
⁵Other health impairments include having limited strength, vitality, or alertness due to chronic or acute health problems such as a heart condition, tuberculosis, rheumatic fever, nephritis, asthma, sickle cell anemia, hemophilia, epilepsy, lead poisoning, leukemia, or diabetes.
⁶Percentages for 5- to 21-year-olds by sex are based on total public school enrollment in kindergarten through grade 12 by sex. Data on total public school enrollment by grade are available in table 203.10, but data on total enrollment by sex are unpublished. Percentages for 3- to 21-year-olds by race/ethnicity are based on total public school enrollment in prekindergarten through grade 12 by race/ethnicity. For total public school enrollment by race/ethnicity, see table 203.60.
NOTE: Data by disability type for Iowa are imputed based on the reported 2018-19 percentage distribution by disability type applied to the 2022-23 total number of children served in Iowa. Data by disability type for South Carolina are imputed based on the reported 2021-22 percentage distribution by disability type applied to the 2022-23 total number of children served in South Carolina. Although data are for the 50 states and the District of Columbia, data limitations result in inclusion of a small (but unknown) number of students from other jurisdictions. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) database, retrieved December 18, 2023, from https://data.ed.gov/dataset/idea-section-618-data-products. National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), "State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary Education," 2022-23. (This table was prepared December 2023.)

Table 204.50.Children and students 3 to 21 years old served under Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), Part B, by age group and sex, race/ethnicity, and type of disability: School year 2022-23

Type of disability

Total¹

3 to 5 years old (including only 5-year-olds not yet in
kindergarten)²

5 to 21 years old (including only 5-year-olds in kindergarten)³

Total, 3 to 21 years old

Male

Female

Male

Female

American
Indian/
Alaska
Native

Asian

Black

Hispanic

Pacific Islander

White

Two or more races

Number of children and students served

All disabilities

7,525,941

364,521

162,574

4,517,884

2,411,466

85,066

213,901

1,269,666

2,106,840

21,378

3,438,067

390,536

Autism

980,272

---

732,360

167,638

7,083

65,410

155,669

275,126

2,870

417,210

55,702

Deaf-blindness

1,852

---

908

809

101

217

456

953

Developmental delay⁴

518,045

---

194,449

82,101

9,245

17,841

91,430

115,986

1,890

250,871

31,209

Emotional disturbance

326,875

---

221,163

97,695

3,877

3,565

67,374

64,656

630

163,530

22,656

Hearing impairment

69,595

---

34,036

30,024

745

4,202

8,561

22,960

340

29,623

3,207

Intellectual disability

434,179

---

243,269

172,447

4,898

11,254

110,455

124,857

1,563

163,880

17,369

Multiple disabilities

126,209

---

74,665

47,384

1,873

5,070

20,829

27,425

563

64,534

5,954

Orthopedic impairment

31,635

---

16,263

12,203

251

1,663

3,880

9,023

108

15,129

1,600

Other health impairment⁵

1,149,816

---

794,454

342,812

10,756

17,753

198,343

250,259

2,451

602,806

66,541

Specific learning disability

2,408,411

---

1,354,909

1,009,317

31,514

35,722

430,297

796,024

7,834

996,257

110,968

Speech or language impairment

1,429,556

---

823,899

429,325

14,168

49,431

175,126

408,615

2,967

707,760

72,850

Traumatic brain injury

24,653

---

14,767

9,076

299

718

3,919

5,561

12,917

1,167

Visual impairment

24,843

---

12,742

10,635

332

1,170

3,567

5,893

12,596

1,226

Percentage distribution of children and students served

All disabilities

100.0

Autism

13.0

---

16.2

7.0

8.3

30.6

12.3

13.1

13.4

12.1

14.3

Deaf-blindness

---

Developmental delay⁴

6.9

---

4.3

3.4

10.9

8.3

7.2

5.5

8.8

7.3

8.0

Emotional disturbance

4.3

---

4.9

4.1

4.6

1.7

5.3

3.1

2.9

4.8

5.8

Hearing impairment

0.9

---

0.8

1.2

0.9

2.0

0.7

1.1

1.6

0.9

0.8

Intellectual disability

5.8

---

5.4

7.2

5.8

5.3

8.7

5.9

7.3

4.8

4.4

Multiple disabilities

1.7

---

1.7

2.0

2.2

2.4

1.6

1.3

2.6

1.9

1.5

Orthopedic impairment

0.4

---

0.4

0.5

0.3

0.8

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.4

Other health impairment⁵

15.3

---

17.6

14.2

12.6

8.3

15.6

11.9

11.5

17.5

17.0

Specific learning disability

32.0

---

30.0

41.9

37.0

16.7

33.9

37.8

36.6

29.0

28.4

Speech or language impairment

19.0

---

18.2

17.8

16.7

23.1

13.8

19.4

13.9

20.6

18.7

Traumatic brain injury

0.3

---

0.3

0.4

0.3

0.4

0.3

Visual impairment

0.3

---

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.3

0.4

0.3

Number of children and students served as a percent of total enrollment⁶

All disabilities

15.2

‡

18.3

10.3

18.9

7.9

17.2

14.7

11.7

15.6

15.9

Autism

2.0

---

3.0

0.7

1.6

2.4

2.1

1.9

1.6

1.9

2.3

Deaf-blindness

---

Developmental delay⁴

1.0

---

0.8

0.4

2.1

0.7

1.2

0.8

1.0

1.1

1.3

Emotional disturbance

0.7

---

0.9

0.4

0.9

0.1

0.9

0.5

0.3

0.7

0.9

Hearing impairment

0.1

---

0.1

0.2

0.1

0.2

0.1

Intellectual disability

0.9

---

1.0

0.7

1.1

0.4

1.5

0.9

0.7

Multiple disabilities

0.3

---

0.3

0.2

0.4

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.2

Orthopedic impairment

0.1

---

0.1

Other health impairment⁵

2.3

---

3.2

1.5

2.4

0.7

2.7

1.7

1.3

2.7

Specific learning disability

4.9

---

5.5

4.3

7.0

1.3

5.8

5.5

4.3

4.5

Speech or language impairment

2.9

---

3.3

1.8

3.2

1.8

2.4

2.8

1.6

3.2

3.0

Traumatic brain injury

0.0

---

0.1

Visual impairment

0.1

---

0.1

---Not available.

#Rounds to zero.

‡Reporting standards not met.

¹Totals are based on overall counts of children and students by type of disability; they are not based on summing the counts reported for the individual racial/ethnic groups or the counts reported by sex. (Due to data limitations, summing the counts by disability type within each racial/ethnic group would result in a total undercount of 488 children. Because of missing data on type of disability by sex, summing the counts by disability type for males and females would also result in undercounts.)

²For 3- to 5-year-olds not yet in kindergarten, no data are available on type of disability by sex.

³For 5-year-olds in kindergarten to 21-year-olds, data include only those children served for whom both sex and type of disability were reported. About 1 percent of all 5- to 21-year-olds are excluded from this table because of missing data.

⁴Although federal law does not require that states/entities and local education agencies categorize children according to developmental delay, if this category is required by state law, they are expected to report these children in the developmental delay category.

⁵Other health impairments include having limited strength, vitality, or alertness due to chronic or acute health problems such as a heart condition, tuberculosis, rheumatic fever, nephritis, asthma, sickle cell anemia, hemophilia, epilepsy, lead poisoning, leukemia, or diabetes.

⁶Percentages for 5- to 21-year-olds by sex are based on total public school enrollment in kindergarten through grade 12 by sex. Data on total public school enrollment by grade are available in table 203.10, but data on total enrollment by sex are unpublished. Percentages for 3- to 21-year-olds by race/ethnicity are based on total public school enrollment in prekindergarten through grade 12 by race/ethnicity. For total public school enrollment by race/ethnicity, see table 203.60.

NOTE: Data by disability type for Iowa are imputed based on the reported 2018-19 percentage distribution by disability type applied to the 2022-23 total number of children served in Iowa. Data by disability type for South Carolina are imputed based on the reported 2021-22 percentage distribution by disability type applied to the 2022-23 total number of children served in South Carolina. Although data are for the 50 states and the District of Columbia, data limitations result in inclusion of a small (but unknown) number of students from other jurisdictions. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs, Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) database, retrieved December 18, 2023, from https://data.ed.gov/dataset/idea-section-618-data-products. National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), "State Nonfiscal Survey of Public Elementary/Secondary Education," 2022-23. (This table was prepared December 2023.)