Total expenditures for public elementary and secondary education and other related programs, by function and subfunction: Selected school years, 1990-91 through 2020-21

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Table 236.20.Total expenditures for public elementary and secondary education and other related programs, by function and subfunction: Selected school years, 1990-91 through 2020-21
Function and subfunction	Expenditures in thousands of unadjusted dollars¹	Expenditures in thousands of constant 2022–23 dollars²	Percentage distribution of current expenditures for public schools
Total expenditures	$229,429,715		$410,811,185	$604,355,852	$706,822,581	$734,579,608	$769,124,638	$794,004,945	$813,615,452	$513,427,302		$703,138,636	$819,208,653	$872,939,986	$887,220,565	$910,083,852	$925,052,957	$926,571,993	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Current expenditures for public schools	202,037,752		348,360,841	527,291,339	619,290,762	639,698,559	666,951,524	682,555,528	703,472,477	452,128,435		596,249,507	714,747,158	764,836,444	772,623,839	789,185,241	795,209,165	801,137,557	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00

Salaries	132,730,931	⁵	224,305,806	311,541,792	349,917,515	356,438,529	368,864,061	381,733,588	389,164,903	297,030,766	⁵	383,918,657	422,297,114	432,155,110	430,504,182	436,466,613	444,737,512	443,193,771	65.70	64.39	59.08	56.50	55.72	55.31	55.93	55.32
Employee benefits	33,954,456	⁵	57,976,490	111,750,200	145,431,794	152,591,250	161,373,820	166,249,822	169,672,886	75,984,685	⁵	99,231,744	151,478,190	179,611,167	184,298,738	190,949,166	193,688,831	193,229,054	16.81	16.64	21.19	23.48	23.85	24.20	24.36	24.12
Purchased services	16,380,643	⁵	31,778,754	53,498,786	66,989,885	71,525,900	75,307,541	75,069,903	76,997,377	36,657,280	⁵	54,392,067	72,517,984	82,733,844	86,388,526	89,109,324	87,459,954	87,687,141	8.11	9.12	10.15	10.82	11.18	11.29	11.00	10.95
Tuition	1,192,505	⁵	2,458,366	4,988,203	6,123,806	8,615,317	9,009,369	8,989,820	8,960,468	2,668,638	⁵	4,207,705	6,761,544	7,563,022	10,405,525	10,660,537	10,473,561	10,204,475	0.59	0.71	0.95	0.99	1.35	1.35	1.32	1.27
Supplies	14,805,956	⁵	28,262,078	40,417,163	44,779,311	45,312,784	46,773,512	44,730,129	52,811,622	33,133,380	⁵	48,372,974	54,785,752	55,303,343	54,728,492	55,345,799	52,112,696	60,143,609	7.33	8.11	7.67	7.23	7.08	7.01	6.55	7.51
Other	2,973,261	⁵	3,579,347	5,095,195	6,048,451	5,214,778	5,623,221	5,782,267	5,865,221	6,653,686	⁵	6,126,360	6,906,573	7,469,958	6,298,376	6,653,801	6,736,612	6,679,506	1.47	1.03	0.97	0.98	0.82	0.84	0.85	0.83

Instruction	122,223,362		214,333,003	322,536,983	376,060,333	387,956,966	403,039,543	412,869,146	427,135,945	273,516,493		366,849,348	437,201,173	464,442,012	468,571,948	476,905,513	481,011,896	486,436,440	60.50	61.53	61.17	60.72	60.65	60.43	60.49	60.72
Salaries	90,742,284		154,512,089	212,998,609	236,757,580	240,318,766	247,799,019	255,532,710	260,831,096	203,066,836		264,460,714	288,721,128	292,400,334	290,255,472	293,213,706	297,707,577	297,043,017	44.91	44.35	40.39	38.23	37.57	37.15	37.44	37.08
Employee benefits	22,347,524		39,522,678	75,248,811	98,358,134	102,866,710	108,695,649	111,462,323	113,641,307	50,010,212		67,646,459	102,000,298	121,474,257	124,241,756	128,616,547	129,858,828	129,418,452	11.06	11.35	14.27	15.88	16.08	16.30	16.33	16.15
Purchased services	2,722,639		6,430,708	14,694,620	18,480,831	19,648,067	20,440,065	20,309,787	21,413,238	6,092,834		11,006,710	19,918,662	22,824,195	23,730,810	24,186,161	23,661,853	24,386,099	1.35	1.85	2.79	2.98	3.07	3.06	2.98	3.04
Tuition	1,192,505		2,458,366	4,988,203	6,123,806	8,615,317	9,009,369	8,989,820	8,960,468	2,668,638		4,207,705	6,761,544	7,563,022	10,405,525	10,660,537	10,473,561	10,204,475	0.59	0.71	0.95	0.99	1.35	1.35	1.32	1.27
Supplies	4,584,754		10,377,554	13,135,284	14,902,855	15,042,402	15,578,373	15,283,054	20,953,489	10,259,952		17,762,076	17,804,971	18,405,324	18,168,117	18,433,457	17,805,474	23,862,522	2.27	2.98	2.49	2.41	2.35	2.34	2.24	2.98
Textbooks	---		---	2,324,846	2,636,445	2,762,925	2,489,567	2,565,432	2,728,541	---		---	3,151,345	3,256,062	3,337,043	2,945,836	2,988,849	3,107,352	---	---	0.44	0.43	0.43	0.37	0.38	0.39
Other	633,656		1,031,608	1,471,457	1,437,126	1,465,704	1,517,068	1,291,453	1,336,346	1,418,021		1,765,685	1,994,571	1,774,880	1,770,268	1,795,105	1,504,604	1,521,874	0.31	0.30	0.28	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.19	0.19

Student support⁶	8,926,010		17,292,756	29,368,646	35,986,987	37,990,729	40,915,351	43,034,967	45,598,403	19,974,993		29,598,038	39,809,408	44,444,647	45,884,960	48,414,001	50,137,752	51,928,959	4.42	4.96	5.57	5.81	5.94	6.13	6.30	6.48
Salaries	6,565,965		12,354,464	19,367,865	22,588,875	23,551,757	25,165,734	26,711,371	28,005,227	14,693,588		21,145,726	26,253,279	27,897,711	28,445,662	29,777,915	31,119,998	31,893,272	3.25	3.55	3.67	3.65	3.68	3.77	3.91	3.98
Employee benefits	1,660,082		3,036,037	6,533,691	9,138,253	9,837,902	10,732,634	11,421,448	12,041,788	3,715,000		5,196,439	8,856,464	11,285,924	11,882,156	12,699,629	13,306,522	13,713,584	0.82	0.87	1.24	1.48	1.54	1.61	1.67	1.71
Purchased services	455,996		1,328,600	2,583,714	3,389,778	3,683,378	4,038,487	3,938,756	4,165,951	1,020,447		2,274,014	3,502,242	4,186,443	4,448,760	4,778,630	4,588,835	4,744,321	0.23	0.38	0.49	0.55	0.58	0.61	0.58	0.59
Supplies	191,482		421,838	521,729	645,146	678,122	724,581	733,507	1,192,371	428,507		722,012	707,207	796,769	819,032	857,377	854,571	1,357,912	0.09	0.12	0.10	0.10	0.11	0.11	0.11	0.17
Other	52,485		151,817	361,647	224,935	239,569	253,914	229,884	193,066	117,452		259,847	490,215	277,800	289,350	300,450	267,826	219,870	0.03	0.04	0.07	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.03

Instructional staff support⁷	8,467,142		15,926,856	24,893,140	29,171,944	30,548,998	32,198,480	34,442,514	35,773,161	18,948,120		27,260,182	33,742,828	36,027,933	36,896,885	38,099,569	40,127,143	40,739,651	4.19	4.57	4.72	4.71	4.78	4.83	5.05	5.09
Salaries	5,560,129		9,790,767	14,490,521	16,712,346	17,007,052	17,685,818	18,970,563	19,397,768	12,442,686		16,757,739	19,642,004	20,640,080	20,541,009	20,927,138	22,101,594	22,090,815	2.75	2.81	2.75	2.70	2.66	2.65	2.78	2.76
Employee benefits	1,408,217		2,356,440	4,933,118	6,356,988	6,689,297	7,176,000	7,574,281	7,787,596	3,151,366		4,033,250	6,686,876	7,851,007	8,079,290	8,491,161	8,824,392	8,868,770	0.70	0.68	0.94	1.03	1.05	1.08	1.11	1.11
Purchased services	622,487		2,003,598	3,438,979	3,966,070	4,688,044	4,987,202	5,415,331	5,227,782	1,393,028		3,429,329	4,661,561	4,898,175	5,662,190	5,901,218	6,309,114	5,953,570	0.31	0.58	0.65	0.64	0.73	0.75	0.79	0.74
Supplies	776,863		1,566,954	1,810,950	1,921,032	1,915,631	2,075,853	2,181,813	3,070,893	1,738,497		2,681,976	2,454,755	2,372,513	2,313,687	2,456,299	2,541,915	3,497,234	0.38	0.45	0.34	0.31	0.30	0.31	0.32	0.44
Other	99,445		209,097	219,573	215,509	248,974	273,607	300,526	289,122	222,542		357,888	297,632	266,157	300,709	323,752	350,127	329,262	0.05	0.06	0.04	0.03	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04

General administration	5,791,253		7,108,291	10,494,526	12,239,087	11,831,435	12,488,926	13,283,112	13,706,226	12,959,906		12,166,451	14,225,404	15,115,517	14,289,932	14,777,800	15,475,447	15,609,100	2.87	2.04	1.99	1.98	1.85	1.87	1.95	1.95
Salaries	2,603,562		3,351,554	4,401,697	5,074,530	5,025,399	5,288,269	5,478,525	5,547,672	5,826,360		5,736,473	5,966,532	6,267,145	6,069,645	6,257,462	6,382,739	6,317,871	1.29	0.96	0.83	0.82	0.79	0.79	0.80	0.79
Employee benefits	777,381		1,000,698	1,856,221	2,244,535	2,264,354	2,370,266	2,468,652	2,489,294	1,739,655		1,712,780	2,516,120	2,772,046	2,734,873	2,804,670	2,876,096	2,834,890	0.38	0.29	0.35	0.36	0.35	0.36	0.36	0.35
Purchased services	1,482,427		2,099,032	3,236,857	3,835,212	3,509,143	3,731,506	4,215,845	4,400,941	3,317,436		3,592,673	4,387,583	4,736,563	4,238,321	4,415,387	4,911,657	5,011,936	0.73	0.60	0.61	0.62	0.55	0.56	0.62	0.63
Supplies	172,898		206,137	228,417	276,956	294,059	311,731	329,154	401,421	386,919		352,822	309,621	342,046	355,162	368,863	383,480	457,152	0.09	0.06	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.06
Other	754,985		450,870	771,334	807,854	738,480	787,154	790,935	866,898	1,689,536		771,703	1,045,548	997,716	891,931	931,418	921,476	987,252	0.37	0.13	0.15	0.13	0.12	0.12	0.12	0.12

School administration	11,695,344		19,580,890	28,660,307	34,576,316	36,471,499	37,909,378	38,996,334	40,265,777	26,172,324		33,514,376	38,849,250	42,702,440	44,050,044	44,857,115	45,432,556	45,855,989	5.79	5.62	5.44	5.58	5.70	5.68	5.71	5.72
Salaries	8,935,903		14,817,213	20,191,545	23,537,255	24,554,148	25,413,676	26,193,379	26,994,062	19,997,134		25,360,932	27,369,783	29,068,979	29,656,343	30,071,298	30,516,513	30,741,724	4.42	4.25	3.83	3.80	3.84	3.81	3.84	3.84
Employee benefits	2,257,783		3,689,689	6,972,708	9,226,592	10,030,331	10,649,444	10,946,003	11,178,326	5,052,560		6,315,220	9,451,555	11,395,025	12,114,570	12,601,192	12,752,606	12,730,245	1.12	1.06	1.32	1.49	1.57	1.60	1.60	1.59
Purchased services	247,750		611,638	931,765	1,147,360	1,212,338	1,172,011	1,201,384	1,324,086	554,425		1,046,872	1,263,014	1,417,012	1,464,254	1,386,808	1,399,669	1,507,912	0.12	0.18	0.18	0.19	0.19	0.18	0.18	0.19
Supplies	189,711		369,257	426,864	487,105	494,906	492,095	477,230	551,436	424,543		632,015	578,617	601,585	597,744	582,282	555,996	627,994	0.09	0.11	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.07	0.07	0.08
Other	64,197		93,093	137,426	178,004	179,777	182,152	178,338	217,867	143,662		159,337	186,281	219,838	217,133	215,535	207,772	248,114	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03

Operation and maintenance	21,290,655		34,034,158	50,214,709	57,586,428	59,369,464	61,488,333	61,910,342	65,478,934	47,645,107		58,252,386	68,066,395	71,120,387	71,706,060	72,757,440	72,128,448	74,569,560	10.54	9.77	9.52	9.30	9.28	9.22	9.07	9.31
Salaries	8,849,559		13,461,242	17,604,634	19,288,396	18,995,169	19,614,742	20,192,367	20,554,783	19,803,910		23,040,072	23,863,206	23,821,553	22,942,244	23,209,580	23,525,053	23,408,462	4.38	3.86	3.34	3.11	2.97	2.94	2.96	2.92
Employee benefits	2,633,075		3,778,520	7,195,927	8,797,305	8,798,724	9,129,606	9,417,425	9,737,834	5,892,404		6,467,262	9,754,130	10,864,847	10,627,042	10,802,810	10,971,742	11,089,765	1.30	1.08	1.36	1.42	1.38	1.37	1.38	1.38
Purchased services	5,721,125		9,642,217	13,351,922	17,039,571	18,663,227	19,529,872	19,503,871	20,429,933	12,802,969		16,503,483	18,098,625	21,044,210	22,541,326	23,109,156	22,722,923	23,266,278	2.83	2.77	2.53	2.75	2.92	2.93	2.86	2.90
Supplies	3,761,738		6,871,845	11,638,187	12,066,776	12,501,354	12,774,851	12,287,364	14,088,761	8,418,173		11,761,752	15,775,645	14,902,708	15,099,056	15,116,127	14,315,355	16,044,744	1.86	1.97	2.21	1.95	1.95	1.92	1.80	2.00
Other	325,157		280,334	424,039	394,382	410,991	439,262	509,315	667,623	727,650		479,816	574,788	487,069	496,392	519,767	593,375	760,311	0.16	0.08	0.08	0.06	0.06	0.07	0.07	0.09

Student transportation	8,678,954		14,052,654	22,370,807	25,350,714	26,506,231	27,952,536	26,219,512	24,648,195	19,422,123		24,052,325	30,323,788	31,308,638	32,014,057	33,075,460	30,546,960	28,070,174	4.30	4.03	4.24	4.09	4.14	4.19	3.84	3.50
Salaries	3,285,127		5,406,092	7,527,611	8,513,077	8,752,325	9,097,094	9,122,966	8,575,592	7,351,594		9,252,990	10,203,730	10,513,819	10,571,003	10,764,339	10,628,682	9,766,166	1.63	1.55	1.43	1.37	1.37	1.36	1.34	1.22
Employee benefits	892,985		1,592,127	3,124,937	3,809,158	4,048,487	4,181,853	4,192,790	4,067,596	1,998,358		2,725,062	4,235,874	4,704,386	4,889,737	4,948,270	4,884,797	4,632,312	0.44	0.46	0.59	0.62	0.63	0.63	0.61	0.58
Purchased services	3,345,232		5,767,462	9,153,621	10,808,056	11,251,280	12,021,555	10,824,407	10,108,561	7,486,099		9,871,507	12,407,798	13,348,165	13,589,225	14,224,773	12,610,942	11,511,961	1.66	1.66	1.74	1.75	1.76	1.80	1.59	1.44
Supplies	961,447		1,159,350	2,370,182	1,968,836	2,185,422	2,362,140	1,813,280	1,654,983	2,151,566		1,984,327	3,212,799	2,431,551	2,639,539	2,795,055	2,112,556	1,884,749	0.48	0.33	0.45	0.32	0.34	0.35	0.27	0.24
Other	194,163		127,623	194,456	251,588	268,716	289,894	266,068	241,463	434,507		218,438	263,587	310,717	324,554	343,024	309,982	274,986	0.10	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.03

Other support services⁸	5,587,837		11,439,134	17,246,807	22,978,894	23,431,128	24,794,067	26,581,709	28,527,978	12,504,693		19,579,060	23,378,169	28,379,392	28,299,967	29,338,132	30,968,936	32,488,598	2.77	3.28	3.27	3.71	3.66	3.72	3.89	4.06
Salaries	2,900,394		5,521,381	8,139,084	9,878,452	10,387,465	10,725,872	11,245,566	11,747,613	6,490,622		9,450,317	11,032,587	12,200,085	12,545,914	12,691,626	13,101,611	13,378,567	1.44	1.58	1.54	1.60	1.62	1.61	1.65	1.67
Employee benefits	980,859		1,594,540	3,295,052	4,313,616	4,698,094	4,977,424	5,171,544	5,401,807	2,195,008		2,729,192	4,466,466	5,327,402	5,674,328	5,889,648	6,025,091	6,151,755	0.49	0.46	0.62	0.70	0.73	0.75	0.76	0.77
Purchased services	798,922		2,783,176	3,876,650	5,444,992	5,887,816	6,258,634	6,661,013	7,253,462	1,787,860		4,763,645	5,254,827	6,724,674	7,111,266	7,405,668	7,760,392	8,260,480	0.40	0.80	0.74	0.88	0.92	0.94	0.98	1.03
Supplies	294,527		626,889	876,293	1,336,046	1,320,047	1,456,368	1,687,722	2,481,760	659,105		1,072,975	1,187,821	1,650,044	1,594,345	1,723,280	1,966,275	2,826,310	0.15	0.18	0.17	0.22	0.21	0.22	0.25	0.35
Other	613,135		913,148	1,059,728	2,005,787	1,137,706	1,375,770	1,815,864	1,643,336	1,372,099		1,562,931	1,436,469	2,477,188	1,374,114	1,627,910	2,115,567	1,871,485	0.30	0.26	0.20	0.32	0.18	0.21	0.27	0.23

Food services	8,430,490		13,816,635	20,394,768	24,094,865	24,346,471	24,970,033	24,109,114	21,403,657	18,866,100		23,648,358	27,645,253	29,757,639	29,405,513	29,546,348	28,088,247	24,375,187	4.17	3.97	3.87	3.89	3.81	3.74	3.53	3.04
Salaries	---		4,966,092	6,482,085	7,215,565	7,488,865	7,696,975	7,920,778	7,189,697	---		8,499,893	8,786,512	8,911,367	9,045,003	9,107,617	9,228,078	8,187,864	---	1.43	1.23	1.17	1.17	1.15	1.16	1.02
Employee benefits	---		1,381,923	2,492,673	3,055,701	3,213,469	3,313,055	3,437,578	3,188,907	---		2,365,280	3,378,837	3,773,851	3,881,207	3,920,247	4,004,939	3,631,633	---	0.40	0.47	0.49	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.45
Purchased services	---		923,091	2,058,018	2,670,247	2,784,357	2,949,142	2,819,783	2,521,596	---		1,579,950	2,789,658	3,297,808	3,362,929	3,489,637	3,285,179	2,871,677	---	0.26	0.39	0.43	0.44	0.44	0.41	0.36
Supplies	---		6,420,201	9,118,886	10,843,858	10,561,737	10,701,487	9,668,243	8,169,719	---		10,988,726	12,360,714	13,392,380	12,756,399	12,662,773	11,263,956	9,303,945	---	1.84	1.73	1.75	1.65	1.60	1.42	1.16
Other	---		125,327	243,105	309,495	298,044	309,374	262,732	333,736	---		214,509	329,531	382,233	359,975	366,074	306,095	380,070	---	0.04	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.05

Enterprise operations⁹	946,705		776,463	1,110,646	1,245,194	1,245,638	1,194,876	1,108,779	934,201	2,118,576		1,328,983	1,505,489	1,537,840	1,504,474	1,413,864	1,291,780	1,063,898	0.47	0.22	0.21	0.20	0.19	0.18	0.16	0.13
Salaries	---		124,913	338,141	351,440	357,583	376,863	365,365	321,393	---		213,799	458,353	434,036	431,886	445,932	425,667	366,012	---	0.04	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.05
Employee benefits	---		23,837	97,063	131,513	143,882	147,889	157,777	138,431	---		40,800	131,569	162,421	173,780	174,993	183,818	157,649	---	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02
Purchased services	---		189,230	172,641	207,769	198,251	179,067	179,726	151,828	---		323,884	234,015	256,599	239,446	211,885	209,389	172,907	---	0.05	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.02
Supplies	---		242,052	290,372	330,702	319,104	296,032	268,761	246,786	---		414,293	393,601	408,423	385,411	350,286	313,119	281,048	---	0.07	0.06	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.04
Other	---		196,430	212,430	223,771	226,818	195,025	137,151	75,764	---		336,207	287,950	276,361	273,950	230,768	159,787	86,282	---	0.06	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.02	0.01

Current expenditures for other programs	3,295,717		6,063,700	8,161,474	7,894,977	8,224,089	8,600,902	8,728,670	9,098,400	7,375,292		10,378,544	11,062,936	9,750,454	9,933,002	10,177,209	10,169,309	10,361,557	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Community services	964,370		2,426,189	3,269,802	3,568,183	3,705,464	3,873,982	3,939,350	4,461,829	2,158,108		4,152,631	4,432,240	4,406,777	4,475,436	4,583,976	4,589,527	5,081,277	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Private school programs	527,609		1,026,695	1,427,539	1,674,995	1,659,578	1,760,243	1,763,511	1,747,894	1,180,705		1,757,276	1,935,039	2,068,652	2,004,428	2,082,847	2,054,573	1,990,559	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Adult education	1,365,523		1,838,265	2,013,156	2,047,591	2,230,721	2,390,736	2,315,613	2,194,473	3,055,823		3,146,349	2,728,848	2,528,816	2,694,250	2,828,892	2,697,798	2,499,138	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Community colleges	5,356		351	34,045	10,659	10,574	12,499	20,233	24,301	11,986		600	46,149	13,164	12,772	14,790	23,572	27,675	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Other	432,858		772,200	1,416,931	593,549	617,751	563,441	689,962	669,904	968,669		1,321,687	1,920,660	733,045	746,116	666,704	803,838	762,908	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†

Capital outlay¹⁰	19,771,478		46,220,704	50,968,815	61,298,365	67,247,783	73,129,514	81,292,797	79,375,321	44,245,431		79,110,706	69,088,591	75,704,703	81,221,444	86,532,126	94,709,917	90,395,222	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Public schools	19,655,496		46,078,494	50,888,951	61,138,248	67,083,487	72,972,204	81,123,316	79,194,522	43,985,882		78,867,302	68,980,334	75,506,956	81,023,007	86,345,985	94,512,463	90,189,322	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
Other current expenditures	115,982		142,210	79,864	160,117	164,297	157,310	169,481	180,799	259,549		243,404	108,257	197,748	198,437	186,141	197,453	205,900	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†

Interest on school debt	4,324,768		10,165,940	17,934,224	18,338,477	19,409,177	20,442,697	21,427,950	21,669,253	9,678,145		17,399,879	24,309,969	22,648,385	23,442,280	24,189,277	24,964,566	24,677,657	†	†	†	†	†	†	†	†
---Not available.
†Not applicable.
¹Unadjusted (or "current") dollars have not been adjusted to compensate for inflation.
²Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to a school-year basis.
³Excludes prekindergarten expenditures for California.
⁴Includes expenditures paid from funds authorized by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act of 2020, the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations (CRRSA) Act of 2021, and the American Rescue Plan (ARP) of 2021.
⁵Includes estimated data for subfunctions of food services and enterprise operations.
⁶Includes expenditures for guidance, health, attendance, and speech pathology services.
⁷Includes expenditures for curriculum development, staff training, libraries, and media and computer centers.
⁸Includes business support services concerned with paying, transporting, exchanging, and maintaining goods and services for local education agencies; central support services, including planning, research, evaluation, information, staff, and data processing services; and other support services.
⁹Includes expenditures for operations funded by sales of products or services (e.g., school bookstore or computer time). Includes very small amounts for direct program support made by state education agencies for local school districts.
¹⁰Includes expenditures for property and for buildings and alterations completed by school district staff or contractors.
NOTE: Data in this table represent the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Excludes expenditures for state education agencies. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Some data have been revised from previously published figures.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), "National Public Education Financial Survey," 1990-91 through 2020-21. (This table was prepared September 2023.)

Table 236.20.Total expenditures for public elementary and secondary education and other related programs, by function and subfunction: Selected school years, 1990-91 through 2020-21

Function and subfunction

Expenditures in thousands of unadjusted dollars¹

Expenditures in thousands of constant 2022–23 dollars²

Percentage distribution of current expenditures for public schools

1990-91

2000-01

2010-11

2016-17

2017-18

2018-19³

2019-20^3,4

2020-21^3,4

1990-91

2000-01

2010-11

2016-17

2017-18

2018-19³

2019-20^3,4

2020-21^3,4

1990-91

2000-01

2010-11

2016-17

2017-18

2018-19³

2019-20^3,4

2020-21^3,4

Total expenditures

$229,429,715

$410,811,185

$604,355,852

$706,822,581

$734,579,608

$769,124,638

$794,004,945

$813,615,452

$513,427,302

$703,138,636

$819,208,653

$872,939,986

$887,220,565

$910,083,852

$925,052,957

$926,571,993

†

Current expenditures for
public schools

202,037,752

348,360,841

527,291,339

619,290,762

639,698,559

666,951,524

682,555,528

703,472,477

452,128,435

596,249,507

714,747,158

764,836,444

772,623,839

789,185,241

795,209,165

801,137,557

100.00

Salaries

132,730,931

⁵

224,305,806

311,541,792

349,917,515

356,438,529

368,864,061

381,733,588

389,164,903

297,030,766

⁵

383,918,657

422,297,114

432,155,110

430,504,182

436,466,613

444,737,512

443,193,771

65.70

64.39

59.08

56.50

55.72

55.31

55.93

55.32

Employee benefits

33,954,456

⁵

57,976,490

111,750,200

145,431,794

152,591,250

161,373,820

166,249,822

169,672,886

75,984,685

⁵

99,231,744

151,478,190

179,611,167

184,298,738

190,949,166

193,688,831

193,229,054

16.81

16.64

21.19

23.48

23.85

24.20

24.36

24.12

Purchased services

16,380,643

⁵

31,778,754

53,498,786

66,989,885

71,525,900

75,307,541

75,069,903

76,997,377

36,657,280

⁵

54,392,067

72,517,984

82,733,844

86,388,526

89,109,324

87,459,954

87,687,141

8.11

9.12

10.15

10.82

11.18

11.29

11.00

10.95

Tuition

1,192,505

⁵

2,458,366

4,988,203

6,123,806

8,615,317

9,009,369

8,989,820

8,960,468

2,668,638

⁵

4,207,705

6,761,544

7,563,022

10,405,525

10,660,537

10,473,561

10,204,475

0.59

0.71

0.95

0.99

1.35

1.32

1.27

Supplies

14,805,956

⁵

28,262,078

40,417,163

44,779,311

45,312,784

46,773,512

44,730,129

52,811,622

33,133,380

⁵

48,372,974

54,785,752

55,303,343

54,728,492

55,345,799

52,112,696

60,143,609

7.33

8.11

7.67

7.23

7.08

7.01

6.55

7.51

Other

2,973,261

⁵

3,579,347

5,095,195

6,048,451

5,214,778

5,623,221

5,782,267

5,865,221

6,653,686

⁵

6,126,360

6,906,573

7,469,958

6,298,376

6,653,801

6,736,612

6,679,506

1.47

1.03

0.97

0.98

0.82

0.84

0.85

0.83

Instruction

122,223,362

214,333,003

322,536,983

376,060,333

387,956,966

403,039,543

412,869,146

427,135,945

273,516,493

366,849,348

437,201,173

464,442,012

468,571,948

476,905,513

481,011,896

486,436,440

60.50

61.53

61.17

60.72

60.65

60.43

60.49

60.72

Salaries

90,742,284

154,512,089

212,998,609

236,757,580

240,318,766

247,799,019

255,532,710

260,831,096

203,066,836

264,460,714

288,721,128

292,400,334

290,255,472

293,213,706

297,707,577

297,043,017

44.91

44.35

40.39

38.23

37.57

37.15

37.44

37.08

Employee benefits

22,347,524

39,522,678

75,248,811

98,358,134

102,866,710

108,695,649

111,462,323

113,641,307

50,010,212

67,646,459

102,000,298

121,474,257

124,241,756

128,616,547

129,858,828

129,418,452

11.06

11.35

14.27

15.88

16.08

16.30

16.33

16.15

Purchased services

2,722,639

6,430,708

14,694,620

18,480,831

19,648,067

20,440,065

20,309,787

21,413,238

6,092,834

11,006,710

19,918,662

22,824,195

23,730,810

24,186,161

23,661,853

24,386,099

1.35

1.85

2.79

2.98

3.07

3.06

2.98

3.04

Tuition

1,192,505

2,458,366

4,988,203

6,123,806

8,615,317

9,009,369

8,989,820

8,960,468

2,668,638

4,207,705

6,761,544

7,563,022

10,405,525

10,660,537

10,473,561

10,204,475

0.59

0.71

0.95

0.99

1.35

1.32

1.27

Supplies

4,584,754

10,377,554

13,135,284

14,902,855

15,042,402

15,578,373

15,283,054

20,953,489

10,259,952

17,762,076

17,804,971

18,405,324

18,168,117

18,433,457

17,805,474

23,862,522

2.27

2.98

2.49

2.41

2.35

2.34

2.24

2.98

Textbooks

---

2,324,846

2,636,445

2,762,925

2,489,567

2,565,432

2,728,541

---

3,151,345

3,256,062

3,337,043

2,945,836

2,988,849

3,107,352

---

0.44

0.43

0.37

0.38

0.39

Other

633,656

1,031,608

1,471,457

1,437,126

1,465,704

1,517,068

1,291,453

1,336,346

1,418,021

1,765,685

1,994,571

1,774,880

1,770,268

1,795,105

1,504,604

1,521,874

0.31

0.30

0.28

0.23

0.19

Student support⁶

8,926,010

17,292,756

29,368,646

35,986,987

37,990,729

40,915,351

43,034,967

45,598,403

19,974,993

29,598,038

39,809,408

44,444,647

45,884,960

48,414,001

50,137,752

51,928,959

4.42

4.96

5.57

5.81

5.94

6.13

6.30

6.48

Salaries

6,565,965

12,354,464

19,367,865

22,588,875

23,551,757

25,165,734

26,711,371

28,005,227

14,693,588

21,145,726

26,253,279

27,897,711

28,445,662

29,777,915

31,119,998

31,893,272

3.25

3.55

3.67

3.65

3.68

3.77

3.91

3.98

Employee benefits

1,660,082

3,036,037

6,533,691

9,138,253

9,837,902

10,732,634

11,421,448

12,041,788

3,715,000

5,196,439

8,856,464

11,285,924

11,882,156

12,699,629

13,306,522

13,713,584

0.82

0.87

1.24

1.48

1.54

1.61

1.67

1.71

Purchased services

455,996

1,328,600

2,583,714

3,389,778

3,683,378

4,038,487

3,938,756

4,165,951

1,020,447

2,274,014

3,502,242

4,186,443

4,448,760

4,778,630

4,588,835

4,744,321

0.23

0.38

0.49

0.55

0.58

0.61

0.58

0.59

Supplies

191,482

421,838

521,729

645,146

678,122

724,581

733,507

1,192,371

428,507

722,012

707,207

796,769

819,032

857,377

854,571

1,357,912

0.09

0.12

0.10

0.11

0.17

Other

52,485

151,817

361,647

224,935

239,569

253,914

229,884

193,066

117,452

259,847

490,215

277,800

289,350

300,450

267,826

219,870

0.03

0.04

0.07

0.04

0.03

Instructional staff
support⁷

8,467,142

15,926,856

24,893,140

29,171,944

30,548,998

32,198,480

34,442,514

35,773,161

18,948,120

27,260,182

33,742,828

36,027,933

36,896,885

38,099,569

40,127,143

40,739,651

4.19

4.57

4.72

4.71

4.78

4.83

5.05

5.09

Salaries

5,560,129

9,790,767

14,490,521

16,712,346

17,007,052

17,685,818

18,970,563

19,397,768

12,442,686

16,757,739

19,642,004

20,640,080

20,541,009

20,927,138

22,101,594

22,090,815

2.75

2.81

2.75

2.70

2.66

2.65

2.78

2.76

Employee benefits

1,408,217

2,356,440

4,933,118

6,356,988

6,689,297

7,176,000

7,574,281

7,787,596

3,151,366

4,033,250

6,686,876

7,851,007

8,079,290

8,491,161

8,824,392

8,868,770

0.70

0.68

0.94

1.03

1.05

1.08

1.11

Purchased services

622,487

2,003,598

3,438,979

3,966,070

4,688,044

4,987,202

5,415,331

5,227,782

1,393,028

3,429,329

4,661,561

4,898,175

5,662,190

5,901,218

6,309,114

5,953,570

0.31

0.58

0.65

0.64

0.73

0.75

0.79

0.74

Supplies

776,863

1,566,954

1,810,950

1,921,032

1,915,631

2,075,853

2,181,813

3,070,893

1,738,497

2,681,976

2,454,755

2,372,513

2,313,687

2,456,299

2,541,915

3,497,234

0.38

0.45

0.34

0.31

0.30

0.31

0.32

0.44

Other

99,445

209,097

219,573

215,509

248,974

273,607

300,526

289,122

222,542

357,888

297,632

266,157

300,709

323,752

350,127

329,262

0.05

0.06

0.04

0.03

0.04

General administration

5,791,253

7,108,291

10,494,526

12,239,087

11,831,435

12,488,926

13,283,112

13,706,226

12,959,906

12,166,451

14,225,404

15,115,517

14,289,932

14,777,800

15,475,447

15,609,100

2.87

2.04

1.99

1.98

1.85

1.87

1.95

Salaries

2,603,562

3,351,554

4,401,697

5,074,530

5,025,399

5,288,269

5,478,525

5,547,672

5,826,360

5,736,473

5,966,532

6,267,145

6,069,645

6,257,462

6,382,739

6,317,871

1.29

0.96

0.83

0.82

0.79

0.80

0.79

Employee benefits

777,381

1,000,698

1,856,221

2,244,535

2,264,354

2,370,266

2,468,652

2,489,294

1,739,655

1,712,780

2,516,120

2,772,046

2,734,873

2,804,670

2,876,096

2,834,890

0.38

0.29

0.35

0.36

0.35

0.36

0.35

Purchased services

1,482,427

2,099,032

3,236,857

3,835,212

3,509,143

3,731,506

4,215,845

4,400,941

3,317,436

3,592,673

4,387,583

4,736,563

4,238,321

4,415,387

4,911,657

5,011,936

0.73

0.60

0.61

0.62

0.55

0.56

0.62

0.63

Supplies

172,898

206,137

228,417

276,956

294,059

311,731

329,154

401,421

386,919

352,822

309,621

342,046

355,162

368,863

383,480

457,152

0.09

0.06

0.04

0.05

0.06

Other

754,985

450,870

771,334

807,854

738,480

787,154

790,935

866,898

1,689,536

771,703

1,045,548

997,716

891,931

931,418

921,476

987,252

0.37

0.13

0.15

0.13

0.12

School administration

11,695,344

19,580,890

28,660,307

34,576,316

36,471,499

37,909,378

38,996,334

40,265,777

26,172,324

33,514,376

38,849,250

42,702,440

44,050,044

44,857,115

45,432,556

45,855,989

5.79

5.62

5.44

5.58

5.70

5.68

5.71

5.72

Salaries

8,935,903

14,817,213

20,191,545

23,537,255

24,554,148

25,413,676

26,193,379

26,994,062

19,997,134

25,360,932

27,369,783

29,068,979

29,656,343

30,071,298

30,516,513

30,741,724

4.42

4.25

3.83

3.80

3.84

3.81

3.84

Employee benefits

2,257,783

3,689,689

6,972,708

9,226,592

10,030,331

10,649,444

10,946,003

11,178,326

5,052,560

6,315,220

9,451,555

11,395,025

12,114,570

12,601,192

12,752,606

12,730,245

1.12

1.06

1.32

1.49

1.57

1.60

1.59

Purchased services

247,750

611,638

931,765

1,147,360

1,212,338

1,172,011

1,201,384

1,324,086

554,425

1,046,872

1,263,014

1,417,012

1,464,254

1,386,808

1,399,669

1,507,912

0.12

0.18

0.19

0.18

0.19

Supplies

189,711

369,257

426,864

487,105

494,906

492,095

477,230

551,436

424,543

632,015

578,617

601,585

597,744

582,282

555,996

627,994

0.09

0.11

0.08

0.07

0.08

Other

64,197

93,093

137,426

178,004

179,777

182,152

178,338

217,867

143,662

159,337

186,281

219,838

217,133

215,535

207,772

248,114

0.03

Operation and maintenance

21,290,655

34,034,158

50,214,709

57,586,428

59,369,464

61,488,333

61,910,342

65,478,934

47,645,107

58,252,386

68,066,395

71,120,387

71,706,060

72,757,440

72,128,448

74,569,560

10.54

9.77

9.52

9.30

9.28

9.22

9.07

9.31

Salaries

8,849,559

13,461,242

17,604,634

19,288,396

18,995,169

19,614,742

20,192,367

20,554,783

19,803,910

23,040,072

23,863,206

23,821,553

22,942,244

23,209,580

23,525,053

23,408,462

4.38

3.86

3.34

3.11

2.97

2.94

2.96

2.92

Employee benefits

2,633,075

3,778,520

7,195,927

8,797,305

8,798,724

9,129,606

9,417,425

9,737,834

5,892,404

6,467,262

9,754,130

10,864,847

10,627,042

10,802,810

10,971,742

11,089,765

1.30

1.08

1.36

1.42

1.38

1.37

1.38

Purchased services

5,721,125

9,642,217

13,351,922

17,039,571

18,663,227

19,529,872

19,503,871

20,429,933

12,802,969

16,503,483

18,098,625

21,044,210

22,541,326

23,109,156

22,722,923

23,266,278

2.83

2.77

2.53

2.75

2.92

2.93

2.86

2.90

Supplies

3,761,738

6,871,845

11,638,187

12,066,776

12,501,354

12,774,851

12,287,364

14,088,761

8,418,173

11,761,752

15,775,645

14,902,708

15,099,056

15,116,127

14,315,355

16,044,744

1.86

1.97

2.21

1.95

1.92

1.80

2.00

Other

325,157

280,334

424,039

394,382

410,991

439,262

509,315

667,623

727,650

479,816

574,788

487,069

496,392

519,767

593,375

760,311

0.16

0.08

0.06

0.07

0.09

Student transportation

8,678,954

14,052,654

22,370,807

25,350,714

26,506,231

27,952,536

26,219,512

24,648,195

19,422,123

24,052,325

30,323,788

31,308,638

32,014,057

33,075,460

30,546,960

28,070,174

4.30

4.03

4.24

4.09

4.14

4.19

3.84

3.50

Salaries

3,285,127

5,406,092

7,527,611

8,513,077

8,752,325

9,097,094

9,122,966

8,575,592

7,351,594

9,252,990

10,203,730

10,513,819

10,571,003

10,764,339

10,628,682

9,766,166

1.63

1.55

1.43

1.37

1.36

1.34

1.22

Employee benefits

892,985

1,592,127

3,124,937

3,809,158

4,048,487

4,181,853

4,192,790

4,067,596

1,998,358

2,725,062

4,235,874

4,704,386

4,889,737

4,948,270

4,884,797

4,632,312

0.44

0.46

0.59

0.62

0.63

0.61

0.58

Purchased services

3,345,232

5,767,462

9,153,621

10,808,056

11,251,280

12,021,555

10,824,407

10,108,561

7,486,099

9,871,507

12,407,798

13,348,165

13,589,225

14,224,773

12,610,942

11,511,961

1.66

1.74

1.75

1.76

1.80

1.59

1.44

Supplies

961,447

1,159,350

2,370,182

1,968,836

2,185,422

2,362,140

1,813,280

1,654,983

2,151,566

1,984,327

3,212,799

2,431,551

2,639,539

2,795,055

2,112,556

1,884,749

0.48

0.33

0.45

0.32

0.34

0.35

0.27

0.24

Other

194,163

127,623

194,456

251,588

268,716

289,894

266,068

241,463

434,507

218,438

263,587

310,717

324,554

343,024

309,982

274,986

0.10

0.04

0.03

Other support services⁸

5,587,837

11,439,134

17,246,807

22,978,894

23,431,128

24,794,067

26,581,709

28,527,978

12,504,693

19,579,060

23,378,169

28,379,392

28,299,967

29,338,132

30,968,936

32,488,598

2.77

3.28

3.27

3.71

3.66

3.72

3.89

4.06

Salaries

2,900,394

5,521,381

8,139,084

9,878,452

10,387,465

10,725,872

11,245,566

11,747,613

6,490,622

9,450,317

11,032,587

12,200,085

12,545,914

12,691,626

13,101,611

13,378,567

1.44

1.58

1.54

1.60

1.62

1.61

1.65

1.67

Employee benefits

980,859

1,594,540

3,295,052

4,313,616

4,698,094

4,977,424

5,171,544

5,401,807

2,195,008

2,729,192

4,466,466

5,327,402

5,674,328

5,889,648

6,025,091

6,151,755

0.49

0.46

0.62

0.70

0.73

0.75

0.76

0.77

Purchased services

798,922

2,783,176

3,876,650

5,444,992

5,887,816

6,258,634

6,661,013

7,253,462

1,787,860

4,763,645

5,254,827

6,724,674

7,111,266

7,405,668

7,760,392

8,260,480

0.40

0.80

0.74

0.88

0.92

0.94

0.98

1.03

Supplies

294,527

626,889

876,293

1,336,046

1,320,047

1,456,368

1,687,722

2,481,760

659,105

1,072,975

1,187,821

1,650,044

1,594,345

1,723,280

1,966,275

2,826,310

0.15

0.18

0.17

0.22

0.21

0.22

0.25

0.35

Other

613,135

913,148

1,059,728

2,005,787

1,137,706

1,375,770

1,815,864

1,643,336

1,372,099

1,562,931

1,436,469

2,477,188

1,374,114

1,627,910

2,115,567

1,871,485

0.30

0.26

0.20

0.32

0.18

0.21

0.27

0.23

Food services

8,430,490

13,816,635

20,394,768

24,094,865

24,346,471

24,970,033

24,109,114

21,403,657

18,866,100

23,648,358

27,645,253

29,757,639

29,405,513

29,546,348

28,088,247

24,375,187

4.17

3.97

3.87

3.89

3.81

3.74

3.53

3.04

Salaries

---

4,966,092

6,482,085

7,215,565

7,488,865

7,696,975

7,920,778

7,189,697

---

8,499,893

8,786,512

8,911,367

9,045,003

9,107,617

9,228,078

8,187,864

---

1.43

1.23

1.17

1.15

1.16

1.02

Employee benefits

---

1,381,923

2,492,673

3,055,701

3,213,469

3,313,055

3,437,578

3,188,907

---

2,365,280

3,378,837

3,773,851

3,881,207

3,920,247

4,004,939

3,631,633

---

0.40

0.47

0.49

0.50

0.45

Purchased services

---

923,091

2,058,018

2,670,247

2,784,357

2,949,142

2,819,783

2,521,596

---

1,579,950

2,789,658

3,297,808

3,362,929

3,489,637

3,285,179

2,871,677

---

0.26

0.39

0.43

0.44

0.41

0.36

Supplies

---

6,420,201

9,118,886

10,843,858

10,561,737

10,701,487

9,668,243

8,169,719

---

10,988,726

12,360,714

13,392,380

12,756,399

12,662,773

11,263,956

9,303,945

---

1.84

1.73

1.75

1.65

1.60

1.42

1.16

Other

---

125,327

243,105

309,495

298,044

309,374

262,732

333,736

---

214,509

329,531

382,233

359,975

366,074

306,095

380,070

---

0.04

0.05

0.04

0.05

Enterprise operations⁹

946,705

776,463

1,110,646

1,245,194

1,245,638

1,194,876

1,108,779

934,201

2,118,576

1,328,983

1,505,489

1,537,840

1,504,474

1,413,864

1,291,780

1,063,898

0.47

0.22

0.21

0.20

0.19

0.18

0.16

0.13

Salaries

---

124,913

338,141

351,440

357,583

376,863

365,365

321,393

---

213,799

458,353

434,036

431,886

445,932

425,667

366,012

---

0.04

0.06

0.05

Employee benefits

---

23,837

97,063

131,513

143,882

147,889

157,777

138,431

---

40,800

131,569

162,421

173,780

174,993

183,818

157,649

---

0.01

0.02

Purchased services

---

189,230

172,641

207,769

198,251

179,067

179,726

151,828

---

323,884

234,015

256,599

239,446

211,885

209,389

172,907

---

0.05

0.03

0.02

Supplies

---

242,052

290,372

330,702

319,104

296,032

268,761

246,786

---

414,293

393,601

408,423

385,411

350,286

313,119

281,048

---

0.07

0.06

0.05

0.04

Other

---

196,430

212,430

223,771

226,818

195,025

137,151

75,764

---

336,207

287,950

276,361

273,950

230,768

159,787

86,282

---

0.06

0.04

0.03

0.02

0.01

Current expenditures for
other programs

3,295,717

6,063,700

8,161,474

7,894,977

8,224,089

8,600,902

8,728,670

9,098,400

7,375,292

10,378,544

11,062,936

9,750,454

9,933,002

10,177,209

10,169,309

10,361,557

†

Community services

964,370

2,426,189

3,269,802

3,568,183

3,705,464

3,873,982

3,939,350

4,461,829

2,158,108

4,152,631

4,432,240

4,406,777

4,475,436

4,583,976

4,589,527

5,081,277

†

Private school programs

527,609

1,026,695

1,427,539

1,674,995

1,659,578

1,760,243

1,763,511

1,747,894

1,180,705

1,757,276

1,935,039

2,068,652

2,004,428

2,082,847

2,054,573

1,990,559

†

Adult education

1,365,523

1,838,265

2,013,156

2,047,591

2,230,721

2,390,736

2,315,613

2,194,473

3,055,823

3,146,349

2,728,848

2,528,816

2,694,250

2,828,892

2,697,798

2,499,138

†

Community colleges

5,356

351

34,045

10,659

10,574

12,499

20,233

24,301

11,986

600

46,149

13,164

12,772

14,790

23,572

27,675

†

Other

432,858

772,200

1,416,931

593,549

617,751

563,441

689,962

669,904

968,669

1,321,687

1,920,660

733,045

746,116

666,704

803,838

762,908

†

Capital outlay¹⁰

19,771,478

46,220,704

50,968,815

61,298,365

67,247,783

73,129,514

81,292,797

79,375,321

44,245,431

79,110,706

69,088,591

75,704,703

81,221,444

86,532,126

94,709,917

90,395,222

†

Public schools

19,655,496

46,078,494

50,888,951

61,138,248

67,083,487

72,972,204

81,123,316

79,194,522

43,985,882

78,867,302

68,980,334

75,506,956

81,023,007

86,345,985

94,512,463

90,189,322

†

Other current expenditures

115,982

142,210

79,864

160,117

164,297

157,310

169,481

180,799

259,549

243,404

108,257

197,748

198,437

186,141

197,453

205,900

†

Interest on school debt

4,324,768

10,165,940

17,934,224

18,338,477

19,409,177

20,442,697

21,427,950

21,669,253

9,678,145

17,399,879

24,309,969

22,648,385

23,442,280

24,189,277

24,964,566

24,677,657

†

---Not available.

†Not applicable.

¹Unadjusted (or "current") dollars have not been adjusted to compensate for inflation.

²Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to a school-year basis.

³Excludes prekindergarten expenditures for California.

⁴Includes expenditures paid from funds authorized by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act of 2020, the Coronavirus Response and Relief Supplemental Appropriations (CRRSA) Act of 2021, and the American Rescue Plan (ARP) of 2021.

⁵Includes estimated data for subfunctions of food services and enterprise operations.

⁶Includes expenditures for guidance, health, attendance, and speech pathology services.

⁷Includes expenditures for curriculum development, staff training, libraries, and media and computer centers.

⁸Includes business support services concerned with paying, transporting, exchanging, and maintaining goods and services for local education agencies; central support services, including planning, research, evaluation, information, staff, and data processing services; and other support services.

⁹Includes expenditures for operations funded by sales of products or services (e.g., school bookstore or computer time). Includes very small amounts for direct program support made by state education agencies for local school districts.

¹⁰Includes expenditures for property and for buildings and alterations completed by school district staff or contractors.

NOTE: Data in this table represent the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Excludes expenditures for state education agencies. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (CCD), "National Public Education Financial Survey," 1990-91 through 2020-21. (This table was prepared September 2023.)