Average salary of full-time instructional faculty on 9-month contracts in degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by academic rank, control and level of institution, and sex: Selected academic years, 1970-71 through 2022-23

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Table 316.10.Average salary of full-time instructional faculty on 9-month contracts in degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by academic rank, control and level of institution, and sex: Selected academic years, 1970-71 through 2022-23
Sex and academic year	All faculty	Academic rank	Public institutions	Private institutions
	Current dollars
Total
1970-71	$12,710	$17,958	$13,563	$11,176	$9,360	$11,196	$12,333	$12,953	$13,121	$12,644	$11,619	$11,824	$8,664
1975-76	16,659	22,649	17,065	13,986	13,672	12,906	15,196	16,942	17,400	15,820	15,921	16,116	10,901
1980-81	23,302	30,753	23,214	18,901	15,178	17,301	22,334	23,745	24,373	22,177	22,093	22,325	15,065
1982-83	27,196	35,540	26,921	22,056	17,601	20,072	25,557	27,488	28,293	25,567	26,393	26,691	16,595
1984-85	30,447	39,743	29,945	24,668	20,230	22,334	27,683	30,646	31,764	27,864	29,910	30,247	18,510

1985-86	32,392	42,268	31,787	26,277	20,918	23,770	29,088	32,750	34,033	29,590	31,402	31,732	19,436
1987-88	35,897	47,040	35,231	29,110	22,728	25,977	31,532	36,231	37,840	32,209	35,049	35,346	21,867
1989-90	40,133	52,810	39,392	32,689	25,030	28,990	34,559	40,416	42,365	35,516	39,464	39,817	24,601
1990-91	42,165	55,540	41,414	34,434	26,332	30,097	36,395	42,317	44,510	37,055	41,788	42,224	24,088
1991-92	43,851	57,433	42,929	35,745	30,916	30,456	37,783	43,641	45,638	38,959	44,376	44,793	25,673

1992-93	44,714	58,788	43,945	36,625	28,499	30,543	37,771	44,197	46,515	38,935	45,985	46,427	26,105
1993-94	46,364	60,649	45,278	37,630	28,828	32,729	40,584	45,920	48,019	41,040	47,465	47,880	28,435
1994-95	47,811	62,709	46,713	38,756	29,665	33,198	41,227	47,432	49,738	42,101	48,741	49,379	25,613
1995-96	49,309	64,540	47,966	39,696	30,344	34,136	42,996	48,837	51,172	43,295	50,466	50,819	31,915
1996-97	50,829	66,659	49,307	40,687	31,193	34,962	44,200	50,303	52,718	44,584	52,112	52,443	32,628

1997-98	52,335	68,731	50,828	41,830	32,449	35,484	45,268	51,638	54,114	45,919	54,039	54,379	33,592
1998-99	54,097	71,322	52,576	43,348	33,819	36,819	46,250	53,319	55,948	47,285	55,981	56,284	34,821
1999-2000	55,888	74,410	54,524	44,978	34,918	38,194	47,389	55,011	57,950	48,240	58,013	58,323	35,925
2001-02	59,742	80,792	58,724	48,796	46,959	41,798	46,569	58,524	62,013	50,837	62,818	63,088	33,139
2002-03	61,330	83,466	60,471	50,552	48,304	42,622	46,338	60,014	63,486	52,330	64,533	64,814	34,826

2003-04	62,579	85,333	61,746	51,798	49,065	43,648	47,725	60,874	64,340	53,076	66,666	66,932	36,322
2004-05	64,234	88,158	63,558	53,308	49,730	44,514	48,942	62,346	66,053	53,932	68,755	68,995	37,329
2005-06	66,172	91,208	65,714	55,106	50,883	45,896	50,425	64,158	67,951	55,405	71,016	71,263	38,549
2006-07	68,479	94,649	68,056	57,079	53,272	47,306	52,180	66,443	70,287	57,459	73,358	73,575	41,138
2007-08	71,101	98,595	70,830	59,293	55,356	49,389	54,377	68,988	72,852	59,672	76,169	76,378	43,402

2008-09	73,587	102,336	73,445	61,544	56,918	51,316	56,408	71,236	75,244	61,432	79,191	79,454	43,542
2009-10	74,620	103,682	74,125	62,245	57,791	52,185	56,803	72,178	76,147	62,264	80,379	80,597	44,748
2010-11	75,481	104,961	75,107	63,136	58,003	52,584	56,549	72,715	76,857	62,359	81,897	82,098	45,146
2011-12	76,567	107,090	76,177	64,011	58,350	53,359	56,898	73,496	77,843	62,553	83,540	83,701	47,805
2012-13	77,278	108,074	77,029	64,673	57,674	53,072	58,752	73,877	78,012	62,907	84,932	85,096	44,978

2013-14	78,733	109,998	78,693	66,093	58,240	54,566	59,161	75,491	79,897	63,714	86,178	86,390	44,598
2014-15	80,157	112,825	80,335	67,589	59,208	55,335	58,305	76,811	81,372	64,116	87,605	88,212	38,168
2015-16	82,224	115,539	82,147	69,378	60,911	57,306	60,341	78,869	83,389	66,018	89,867	90,309	31,296
2016-17	84,737	119,159	84,244	71,748	63,613	58,770	61,785	81,392	85,803	67,664	92,458	92,642	53,017
2017-18	86,870	122,069	86,130	73,474	65,176	60,816	62,748	83,433	87,900	68,723	94,819	94,941	57,030

2018-19	88,698	124,670	87,838	75,106	67,756	62,545	63,171	85,143	89,640	70,398	96,956	97,109	54,452
2019-20	90,724	127,363	89,848	77,053	68,744	64,372	64,623	87,045	91,589	71,642	99,390	99,540	53,548
2020-21	91,924	127,743	90,303	77,895	70,458	65,772	64,456	88,312	92,497	73,214	100,555	100,687	57,186
2021-22	93,912	130,263	92,221	79,397	72,519	67,460	64,807	90,255	94,361	74,999	102,580	102,712	58,574
2022-23	97,716	135,344	95,934	82,520	75,331	71,234	68,683	93,959	98,203	77,882	106,600	106,705	63,570

Males
1975-76	17,414	22,902	17,209	14,174	14,430	13,579	15,761	17,661	18,121	16,339	16,784	16,946	11,378
1980-81	24,499	31,082	23,451	19,227	15,545	18,281	23,170	24,873	25,509	22,965	23,493	23,669	16,075
1982-83	28,664	35,956	27,262	22,586	18,160	21,225	26,541	28,851	29,661	26,524	28,159	28,380	17,346
1984-85	32,182	40,269	30,392	25,330	21,159	23,557	28,670	32,240	33,344	28,891	32,028	32,278	19,460

1985-86	34,294	42,833	32,273	27,094	21,693	25,238	30,267	34,528	35,786	30,758	33,656	33,900	20,412
1987-88	38,112	47,735	35,823	30,086	23,645	27,652	32,747	38,314	39,898	33,477	37,603	37,817	22,641
1989-90	42,763	53,650	40,131	33,781	25,933	31,162	35,980	42,959	44,834	37,081	42,312	42,595	25,218
1990-91	45,065	56,549	42,239	35,636	27,388	32,398	38,036	45,084	47,168	38,787	45,019	45,319	25,937
1991-92	46,848	58,494	43,814	36,969	33,359	32,843	39,422	46,483	48,401	40,811	47,733	48,042	26,825

1992-93	47,866	59,972	44,855	37,842	29,583	32,512	39,365	47,175	49,392	40,725	49,518	49,837	27,402
1993-94	49,579	61,857	46,229	38,794	29,815	34,796	42,251	48,956	50,989	42,938	51,076	51,397	30,783
1994-95	51,228	64,046	47,705	39,923	30,528	35,082	43,103	50,629	52,874	44,020	52,653	53,036	29,639
1995-96	52,814	65,949	49,037	40,858	30,940	36,135	44,624	52,163	54,448	45,209	54,364	54,649	33,301
1996-97	54,465	68,214	50,457	41,864	31,738	36,932	45,688	53,737	56,162	46,393	56,185	56,453	34,736

1997-98	56,115	70,468	52,041	43,017	33,070	37,481	46,822	55,191	57,744	47,690	58,293	58,576	36,157
1998-99	58,048	73,260	53,830	44,650	34,741	38,976	47,610	57,038	59,805	48,961	60,392	60,641	38,040
1999-2000	60,084	76,478	55,939	46,414	35,854	40,202	48,788	58,984	62,030	50,033	62,631	62,905	38,636
2001-02	64,320	83,356	60,300	50,518	48,844	44,519	48,049	62,835	66,577	52,360	67,871	68,100	33,395
2002-03	66,126	86,191	62,226	52,441	50,272	45,469	47,412	64,564	68,322	53,962	69,726	69,976	34,291

2003-04	67,485	88,262	63,466	53,649	50,985	46,214	48,973	65,476	69,248	54,623	72,021	72,250	35,604
2004-05	69,337	91,290	65,394	55,215	51,380	46,929	50,102	67,130	71,145	55,398	74,318	74,540	34,970
2005-06	71,569	94,733	67,654	57,099	52,519	48,256	51,811	69,191	73,353	56,858	76,941	77,143	38,215
2006-07	74,050	98,348	70,077	59,090	55,051	49,487	53,701	71,659	75,890	58,960	79,428	79,599	41,196
2007-08	76,957	102,605	72,943	61,374	57,134	51,795	56,170	74,394	78,671	61,189	82,734	82,903	42,995

2008-09	79,718	106,743	75,633	63,710	58,812	53,935	58,404	76,897	81,394	62,868	86,033	86,231	43,871
2009-10	80,881	108,225	76,400	64,451	59,793	54,947	58,647	77,948	82,423	63,697	87,382	87,546	44,500
2010-11	81,873	109,656	77,429	65,391	59,851	55,457	58,392	78,609	83,279	63,745	89,000	89,160	44,542
2011-12	83,150	112,066	78,560	66,303	60,066	56,367	58,807	79,544	84,444	63,918	90,840	90,976	45,250
2012-13	83,979	113,311	79,423	67,085	59,350	55,759	61,086	80,016	84,700	64,282	92,385	92,530	42,906

2013-14	85,545	115,466	81,178	68,492	59,777	57,218	61,511	81,703	86,646	65,076	93,898	94,065	44,277
2014-15	87,199	118,573	82,954	70,260	60,707	58,441	60,310	83,291	88,393	65,513	95,455	96,041	37,389
2015-16	89,361	121,535	84,781	72,272	62,390	60,428	62,468	85,367	90,464	67,352	98,016	98,466	30,050
2016-17	92,068	125,303	86,943	74,929	65,282	61,466	64,456	88,083	93,062	68,943	100,859	101,034	51,866
2017-18	94,444	128,467	88,936	76,816	67,177	63,623	65,005	90,319	95,363	69,908	103,606	103,694	61,840

2018-19	96,360	131,397	90,717	78,575	69,851	65,503	65,011	92,090	97,206	71,595	105,900	106,057	52,171
2019-20	98,525	134,329	92,877	80,650	70,638	67,392	66,541	94,070	99,293	72,659	108,628	108,799	50,272
2020-21	99,777	134,885	93,373	81,649	72,356	68,781	66,330	95,372	100,174	74,375	109,922	110,064	55,245
2021-22	101,825	137,518	95,395	83,244	74,219	70,547	66,714	97,349	102,061	76,244	112,067	112,208	58,957
2022-23	105,772	142,965	99,283	86,375	77,143	74,106	70,323	101,171	106,041	79,059	116,268	116,401	61,552

Females
1975-76	14,308	20,308	16,364	13,522	12,572	11,901	14,094	14,762	14,758	14,769	13,030	13,231	10,201
1980-81	19,996	27,959	22,295	18,302	14,854	16,168	20,843	20,673	20,608	20,778	18,073	18,326	13,892
1982-83	23,261	32,221	25,738	21,130	17,102	18,830	23,855	23,892	23,876	23,917	21,451	21,785	15,845
1984-85	25,941	35,824	28,517	23,575	19,362	21,004	26,050	26,566	26,813	26,172	24,186	24,560	17,575

1985-86	27,576	38,252	30,300	24,966	20,237	22,273	27,171	28,299	28,680	27,693	25,523	25,889	18,504
1987-88	30,499	42,371	33,528	27,600	21,962	24,370	29,605	31,215	31,820	30,228	28,621	28,946	21,215
1989-90	34,183	47,663	37,469	31,090	24,320	26,995	32,528	34,796	35,704	33,307	32,650	33,010	24,002
1990-91	35,881	49,728	39,329	32,724	25,534	28,111	34,179	36,459	37,573	34,720	34,359	34,898	22,585
1991-92	37,534	51,621	40,766	34,063	28,873	28,550	35,622	37,800	38,634	36,517	36,828	37,309	24,683

1992-93	38,385	52,755	41,861	35,032	27,700	28,922	35,792	38,356	39,470	36,710	38,460	38,987	25,068
1993-94	40,058	54,746	43,178	36,169	28,136	31,048	38,474	40,118	41,031	38,707	39,902	40,378	26,142
1994-95	41,369	56,555	44,626	37,352	29,072	31,677	38,967	41,548	42,663	39,812	40,908	41,815	22,851
1995-96	42,871	58,318	45,803	38,345	29,940	32,584	41,085	42,871	43,986	41,086	42,871	43,236	30,671
1996-97	44,325	60,160	47,101	39,350	30,819	33,415	42,474	44,306	45,402	42,531	44,374	44,726	30,661

1997-98	45,775	61,965	48,597	40,504	32,011	33,918	43,491	45,648	46,709	43,943	46,106	46,466	30,995
1998-99	47,421	64,236	50,347	41,894	33,152	35,115	44,723	47,247	48,355	45,457	47,874	48,204	31,524
1999-2000	48,997	67,079	52,091	43,367	34,228	36,607	45,865	48,714	50,168	46,340	49,737	50,052	32,951
2001-02	52,662	72,542	56,186	46,824	45,262	39,538	45,003	52,123	53,895	49,290	54,149	54,434	32,921
2002-03	54,105	75,028	57,716	48,380	46,573	40,265	45,251	53,435	55,121	50,717	55,881	56,158	35,296

2003-04	55,378	76,652	59,095	49,689	47,404	41,536	46,519	54,408	56,117	51,591	57,921	58,192	36,896
2004-05	56,926	79,160	60,809	51,154	48,351	42,455	47,860	55,780	57,714	52,566	59,919	60,143	39,291
2005-06	58,665	81,514	62,860	52,901	49,533	43,934	49,172	57,462	59,437	54,082	61,830	62,092	38,786
2006-07	60,926	84,857	65,131	54,909	51,828	45,505	50,814	59,677	61,713	56,121	64,194	64,428	41,099
2007-08	63,357	88,340	67,823	57,102	53,929	47,410	52,809	62,138	64,223	58,346	66,538	66,755	43,670

2008-09	65,662	91,528	70,393	59,291	55,431	49,184	54,663	64,230	66,391	60,195	69,375	69,668	43,344
2009-10	66,647	92,830	71,017	59,997	56,239	49,957	55,206	65,139	67,276	61,047	70,507	70,746	44,892
2010-11	67,473	94,041	72,003	60,888	56,566	50,270	54,985	65,632	67,935	61,193	72,091	72,306	45,518
2011-12	68,468	95,845	73,057	61,763	57,013	50,994	55,299	66,368	68,897	61,417	73,629	73,788	49,382
2012-13	69,124	96,563	73,966	62,321	56,361	50,963	56,777	66,703	69,083	61,774	74,987	75,149	46,407

2013-14	70,589	98,374	75,592	63,782	57,043	52,497	57,196	68,335	71,059	62,597	76,127	76,358	44,789
2014-15	71,792	100,783	77,115	65,009	58,020	52,901	56,616	69,384	72,288	62,971	77,504	78,089	38,841
2015-16	73,850	103,364	78,977	66,603	59,726	54,825	58,562	71,493	74,378	64,924	79,549	79,959	32,495
2016-17	76,199	106,881	81,037	68,701	62,277	56,601	59,568	73,826	76,696	66,616	81,976	82,146	53,866
2017-18	78,153	109,605	82,814	70,316	63,595	58,575	60,902	75,716	78,689	67,755	84,065	84,201	54,319

2018-19	79,995	111,952	84,486	71,863	66,084	60,196	61,633	77,448	80,437	69,423	86,184	86,316	56,267
2019-20	81,970	114,545	86,366	73,728	67,237	61,968	63,027	79,352	82,391	70,810	88,411	88,528	56,646
2020-21	83,207	115,005	86,810	74,481	68,950	63,399	62,965	80,653	83,453	72,279	89,567	89,676	58,842
2021-22	85,255	117,727	88,647	75,976	71,159	65,035	63,296	82,663	85,455	74,000	91,642	91,757	58,233
2022-23	88,995	122,553	92,190	79,144	73,862	68,954	67,382	86,324	89,269	76,942	95,565	95,637	65,888
	Constant 2022-23 dollars¹
Total
1970-71	$95,881	$135,472	$102,322	$84,312	$70,609	$84,463	$93,041	$97,720	$98,988	$95,386	$87,650	$89,202	$65,361
1975-76	90,020	122,392	92,217	75,579	73,883	69,741	82,116	91,552	94,027	85,487	86,033	87,090	58,905
1980-81	80,615	106,392	80,310	65,389	52,509	59,854	77,266	82,147	84,320	76,723	76,432	77,235	52,118
1982-83	83,039	108,516	82,199	67,344	53,742	61,287	78,034	83,930	86,388	78,065	80,587	81,497	50,670
1984-85	86,270	112,610	84,848	69,895	57,321	63,282	78,438	86,834	90,002	78,951	84,748	85,703	52,447

1985-86	89,208	116,407	87,542	72,368	57,609	65,463	80,109	90,194	93,728	81,492	86,482	87,391	53,527
1987-88	92,866	121,693	91,143	75,308	58,797	67,202	81,575	93,730	97,893	83,325	90,672	91,441	56,570
1989-90	94,722	124,641	92,973	77,152	59,076	68,422	81,565	95,389	99,989	83,825	93,142	93,977	58,063
1990-91	94,360	124,290	92,677	77,058	58,927	67,353	81,447	94,700	99,606	82,923	93,515	94,491	53,906
1991-92	95,086	124,535	93,085	77,509	67,037	66,039	81,928	94,630	98,959	84,478	96,223	97,127	55,669

1992-93	94,019	123,612	92,402	77,010	59,925	64,222	79,420	92,932	97,806	81,868	96,692	97,622	54,891
1993-94	95,028	124,306	92,800	77,126	59,086	67,080	83,181	94,118	98,420	84,114	97,284	98,134	58,280
1994-95	95,263	124,946	93,075	77,221	59,106	66,146	82,144	94,507	99,101	83,885	97,115	98,386	51,033
1995-96	95,646	125,189	93,040	77,000	58,859	66,213	83,399	94,730	99,259	83,980	97,889	98,574	61,906
1996-97	95,859	125,713	92,989	76,731	58,827	65,935	83,358	94,866	99,420	84,081	98,278	98,903	61,534

1997-98	96,969	127,349	94,177	77,505	60,123	65,747	83,875	95,677	100,266	85,082	100,127	100,757	62,241
1998-99	98,528	129,901	95,757	78,951	61,595	67,059	84,237	97,112	101,899	86,121	101,961	102,512	63,420
1999-2000	98,934	131,723	96,519	79,622	61,813	67,612	83,889	97,382	102,584	85,396	102,696	103,245	63,594
2001-02	100,474	135,877	98,763	82,065	78,976	70,297	78,320	98,426	104,294	85,498	105,647	106,103	55,733
2002-03	100,927	137,356	99,513	83,191	79,491	70,141	76,256	98,762	104,475	86,117	106,199	106,661	57,311

2003-04	100,778	137,422	99,436	83,416	79,014	70,291	76,857	98,032	103,614	85,474	107,359	107,788	58,493
2004-05	100,422	137,824	99,364	83,340	77,746	69,592	76,514	97,469	103,265	84,315	107,489	107,865	58,359
2005-06	99,656	137,361	98,966	82,990	76,630	69,120	75,940	96,623	102,335	83,441	106,952	107,324	58,055
2006-07	100,531	138,950	99,910	83,795	78,206	69,447	76,602	97,542	103,184	84,352	107,693	108,011	60,393
2007-08	100,650	139,571	100,267	83,935	78,362	69,914	76,975	97,659	103,130	84,471	107,825	108,120	61,440

2008-09	102,735	142,872	102,537	85,921	79,463	71,643	78,751	99,453	105,048	85,766	110,559	110,925	60,789
2009-10	103,179	143,363	102,494	86,068	79,909	72,158	78,543	99,803	105,290	86,095	111,142	111,443	61,874
2010-11	102,315	142,276	101,808	85,582	78,623	71,278	76,653	98,566	104,180	84,528	111,012	111,285	61,196
2011-12	100,833	141,029	100,319	84,298	76,842	70,270	74,930	96,788	102,513	82,377	110,016	110,227	62,956
2012-13	100,103	139,995	99,781	83,775	74,708	68,748	76,105	95,697	101,054	81,487	110,018	110,231	58,263

2013-14	100,419	140,295	100,368	84,297	74,282	69,596	75,456	96,285	101,904	81,263	109,915	110,186	56,882
2014-15	101,496	142,862	101,722	85,583	74,970	70,067	73,827	97,259	103,034	81,185	110,927	111,696	48,330
2015-16	103,416	145,318	103,320	87,259	76,610	72,076	75,893	99,196	104,881	83,033	113,029	113,585	39,362
2016-17	104,652	147,164	104,043	88,610	78,564	72,582	76,306	100,521	105,969	83,567	114,187	114,415	65,477
2017-18	104,921	147,434	104,028	88,741	78,719	73,454	75,787	100,770	106,165	83,003	114,522	114,669	68,881

2018-19	104,954	147,519	103,936	88,870	80,174	74,008	74,749	100,748	106,069	83,300	114,726	114,907	64,431
2019-20	105,698	148,384	104,677	89,771	80,090	74,996	75,289	101,412	106,705	83,467	115,795	115,969	62,385
2020-21	104,686	145,478	102,840	88,709	80,240	74,903	73,405	100,572	105,338	83,379	114,515	114,666	65,125
2021-22	99,793	138,420	97,995	84,369	77,060	71,684	68,865	95,907	100,270	79,695	109,003	109,144	62,242
2022-23	97,716	135,344	95,934	82,520	75,331	71,234	68,683	93,959	98,203	77,882	106,600	106,705	63,570

Males
1975-76	94,100	123,758	92,992	76,595	77,976	73,378	85,169	95,438	97,921	88,295	90,699	91,571	61,483
1980-81	84,756	107,530	81,130	66,517	53,779	63,244	80,158	86,050	88,250	79,449	81,276	81,884	55,613
1982-83	87,521	109,786	83,240	68,963	55,449	64,807	81,039	88,092	90,565	80,987	85,979	86,654	52,963
1984-85	91,186	114,100	86,114	71,771	59,953	66,747	81,235	91,350	94,478	81,861	90,750	91,458	55,139

1985-86	94,447	117,963	88,881	74,618	59,743	69,506	83,356	95,091	98,556	84,708	92,690	93,362	56,215
1987-88	98,596	123,490	92,675	77,834	61,169	71,537	84,717	99,119	103,217	86,606	97,280	97,833	58,573
1989-90	100,930	126,624	94,716	79,729	61,206	73,548	84,919	101,390	105,817	87,519	99,865	100,531	59,520
1990-91	100,849	126,548	94,523	79,747	61,291	72,501	85,118	100,892	105,554	86,799	100,746	101,418	58,042
1991-92	101,583	126,835	95,005	80,161	72,335	71,216	85,481	100,792	104,951	88,494	103,502	104,172	58,166

1992-93	100,646	126,102	94,317	79,570	62,204	68,363	82,772	99,194	103,857	85,631	104,121	104,792	57,617
1993-94	101,616	126,781	94,750	79,511	61,109	71,317	86,597	100,339	104,506	88,005	104,685	105,343	63,093
1994-95	102,071	127,611	95,052	79,545	60,827	69,900	85,883	100,878	105,350	87,709	104,910	105,674	59,056
1995-96	102,444	127,922	95,118	79,252	60,015	70,092	86,559	101,181	105,614	87,692	105,450	106,004	64,594
1996-97	102,715	128,645	95,156	78,952	59,855	69,650	86,163	101,343	105,916	87,492	105,960	106,464	65,508

1997-98	103,974	130,567	96,425	79,704	61,275	69,447	86,754	102,261	106,992	88,363	108,009	108,534	66,994
1998-99	105,724	133,431	98,041	81,322	63,275	70,987	86,714	103,885	108,925	89,174	109,993	110,447	69,284
1999-2000	106,362	135,383	99,024	82,162	63,470	71,166	86,366	104,414	109,807	88,570	110,871	111,356	68,394
2001-02	108,175	140,188	101,413	84,961	82,146	74,873	80,810	105,676	111,970	88,060	114,146	114,530	56,164
2002-03	108,820	141,840	102,401	86,299	82,730	74,825	78,023	106,249	112,434	88,802	114,744	115,156	56,430

2003-04	108,678	142,138	102,207	86,396	82,106	74,423	78,867	105,443	111,517	87,966	115,984	116,352	57,338
2004-05	108,400	142,720	102,234	86,322	80,326	73,368	78,327	104,949	111,226	86,608	116,187	116,534	54,671
2005-06	107,784	142,670	101,887	85,992	79,095	72,675	78,028	104,203	110,471	85,629	115,875	116,178	57,553
2006-07	108,709	144,380	102,877	86,746	80,817	72,649	78,836	105,199	111,410	86,556	116,604	116,856	60,478
2007-08	108,940	145,247	103,258	86,881	80,878	73,321	79,513	105,312	111,366	86,620	117,118	117,357	60,864

2008-09	111,295	149,024	105,591	88,945	82,108	75,299	81,538	107,356	113,634	87,771	120,111	120,387	61,248
2009-10	111,837	149,645	105,641	89,118	82,677	75,977	81,093	107,780	113,968	88,075	120,825	121,052	61,531
2010-11	110,980	148,640	104,955	88,637	81,129	75,173	79,151	106,554	112,886	86,407	120,640	120,857	60,377
2011-12	109,503	147,582	103,457	87,316	79,102	74,230	77,444	104,754	111,206	84,175	119,629	119,808	59,591
2012-13	108,783	146,779	102,881	86,899	76,879	72,228	79,128	103,650	109,717	83,269	119,672	119,859	55,579

2013-14	109,108	147,270	103,538	87,358	76,242	72,978	78,453	104,207	110,511	83,001	119,762	119,974	56,472
2014-15	110,413	150,139	105,038	88,964	76,869	74,000	76,365	105,464	111,925	82,953	120,866	121,609	47,343
2015-16	112,392	152,860	106,632	90,900	78,470	76,002	78,569	107,370	113,780	84,711	123,279	123,844	37,795
2016-17	113,705	154,751	107,377	92,538	80,624	75,911	79,604	108,784	114,934	85,146	124,563	124,778	64,055
2017-18	114,069	155,161	107,417	92,778	81,136	76,843	78,513	109,087	115,179	84,435	125,135	125,241	74,689

2018-19	114,020	155,478	107,343	92,975	82,653	77,508	76,925	108,968	115,021	84,716	125,309	125,494	61,733
2019-20	114,786	156,499	108,206	93,960	82,296	78,515	77,523	109,596	115,681	84,651	126,557	126,756	58,569
2020-21	113,629	153,612	106,336	92,984	82,402	78,330	75,539	108,613	114,082	84,701	125,183	125,345	62,915
2021-22	108,201	146,129	101,368	88,456	78,867	74,965	70,892	103,445	108,451	81,018	119,085	119,234	62,649
2022-23	105,772	142,965	99,283	86,375	77,143	74,106	70,323	101,171	106,041	79,059	116,268	116,401	61,552

Females
1975-76	77,315	109,741	88,427	73,070	67,936	64,308	76,161	79,774	79,752	79,808	70,414	71,496	55,122
1980-81	69,178	96,726	77,131	63,317	51,388	55,934	72,108	71,520	71,295	71,883	62,525	63,400	48,060
1982-83	71,024	98,382	78,587	64,517	52,218	57,494	72,837	72,950	72,901	73,027	65,497	66,517	48,380
1984-85	73,502	101,505	80,801	66,798	54,861	59,514	73,811	75,273	75,973	74,157	68,530	69,589	49,798

1985-86	75,945	105,347	83,447	68,757	55,733	61,340	74,830	77,936	78,986	76,267	70,291	71,299	50,961
1987-88	78,902	109,614	86,738	71,402	56,816	63,045	76,589	80,754	82,319	78,200	74,043	74,884	54,884
1989-90	80,678	112,493	88,433	73,377	57,399	63,714	76,773	82,126	84,269	78,610	77,059	77,910	56,649
1990-91	80,295	111,284	88,013	73,232	57,141	62,909	76,486	81,590	84,083	77,698	76,889	78,096	50,542
1991-92	81,387	111,933	88,395	73,861	62,607	61,906	77,242	81,964	83,773	79,182	79,856	80,899	53,522

1992-93	80,711	110,928	88,020	73,662	58,245	60,814	75,259	80,650	82,993	77,190	80,869	81,977	52,710
1993-94	82,103	112,207	88,497	74,131	57,668	63,636	78,855	82,225	84,096	79,333	81,784	82,758	53,580
1994-95	82,427	112,684	88,917	74,423	57,926	63,115	77,641	82,783	85,005	79,324	81,508	83,315	45,531
1995-96	83,157	113,119	88,845	74,379	58,075	63,204	79,693	83,157	85,320	79,696	83,158	83,865	59,494
1996-97	83,592	113,455	88,828	74,211	58,122	63,018	80,102	83,556	85,624	80,209	83,684	84,349	57,824

1997-98	84,814	114,812	90,044	75,047	59,312	62,845	80,582	84,579	86,544	81,420	85,428	86,096	57,430
1998-99	86,369	116,995	91,699	76,302	60,381	63,956	81,455	86,052	88,069	82,792	87,195	87,796	57,415
1999-2000	86,735	118,745	92,212	76,770	60,591	64,803	81,191	86,235	88,809	82,032	88,046	88,604	58,330
2001-02	88,567	122,001	94,494	78,749	76,122	66,495	75,686	87,661	90,642	82,896	91,068	91,548	55,367
2002-03	89,037	123,469	94,981	79,616	76,643	66,262	74,467	87,935	90,709	83,463	91,961	92,417	58,085

2003-04	89,181	123,441	95,168	80,020	76,340	66,890	74,915	87,620	90,372	83,083	93,277	93,713	59,418
2004-05	88,996	123,756	95,067	79,973	75,590	66,373	74,822	87,205	90,228	82,180	93,675	94,025	61,426
2005-06	88,350	122,761	94,667	79,670	74,598	66,166	74,054	86,539	89,513	81,449	93,117	93,512	58,413
2006-07	89,442	124,575	95,616	80,609	76,086	66,804	74,598	87,609	90,597	82,389	94,240	94,583	60,336
2007-08	89,688	125,054	96,010	80,834	76,342	67,113	74,757	87,962	90,914	82,594	94,191	94,499	61,820

2008-09	91,670	127,783	98,276	82,776	77,387	68,666	76,315	89,672	92,689	84,039	96,854	97,263	60,512
2009-10	92,155	128,359	98,196	82,959	77,764	69,077	76,334	90,070	93,025	84,411	97,492	97,822	62,073
2010-11	91,461	127,474	97,601	82,534	76,675	68,142	74,532	88,964	92,087	82,947	97,720	98,011	61,700
2011-12	90,167	126,220	96,210	81,337	75,082	67,155	72,824	87,401	90,732	80,882	96,964	97,173	65,032
2012-13	89,540	125,084	95,813	80,729	73,007	66,016	73,547	86,405	89,488	80,020	97,135	97,346	60,114

2013-14	90,032	125,470	96,413	81,351	72,755	66,957	72,950	87,158	90,632	79,838	97,095	97,390	57,126
2014-15	90,905	127,614	97,645	82,316	73,467	66,984	71,688	87,855	91,532	79,735	98,137	98,878	49,182
2015-16	92,884	130,005	99,333	83,770	75,120	68,955	73,655	89,919	93,548	81,658	100,051	100,567	40,870
2016-17	94,108	132,000	100,083	84,847	76,913	69,903	73,567	91,177	94,721	82,272	101,242	101,452	66,525
2017-18	94,393	132,380	100,022	84,928	76,809	70,747	73,557	91,449	95,040	81,834	101,533	101,698	65,607

2018-19	94,656	132,470	99,969	85,034	78,195	71,228	72,929	91,643	95,178	82,146	101,979	102,135	66,579
2019-20	95,498	133,450	100,620	85,897	78,334	72,196	73,430	92,448	95,990	82,497	103,003	103,140	65,995
2020-21	94,759	130,972	98,862	84,821	78,523	72,201	71,706	91,851	95,039	82,313	102,001	102,126	67,011
2021-22	90,593	125,099	94,198	80,733	75,615	69,108	67,260	87,840	90,806	78,634	97,381	97,502	61,880
2022-23	88,995	122,553	92,190	79,144	73,862	68,954	67,382	86,324	89,269	76,942	95,565	95,637	65,888
¹Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to an academic-year basis.
NOTE: Data in this table represent the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data exclude instructional faculty at medical schools. Data through 1995-96 are for institutions of higher education and U.S. service academies, while later data are for degree-granting institutions and U.S. service academies. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. Data for 1987-88 and later years include imputations for nonrespondent institutions. Separate data for instructional faculty on 9-month contracts were not available prior to 2016-17. Therefore, this table reports combined data for faculty on 9-month and 10-month contracts. Some data have been revised from previously published figures.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), "Faculty Salaries, Tenure, and Fringe Benefits" surveys, 1970-71 through 1985-86; Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), "Salaries, Tenure, and Fringe Benefits of Full-Time Instructional Faculty Survey" (IPEDS-SA:87-99); and IPEDS, Human Resources component, Salaries section, Winter 2001-02 through Winter 2011-12 (final data), Spring 2013 through Spring 2022 (final data), and Spring 2023 (provisional data). (This table was prepared January 2024.)

Table 316.10.Average salary of full-time instructional faculty on 9-month contracts in degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by academic rank, control and level of institution, and sex: Selected academic years, 1970-71 through 2022-23

Sex and academic year

All faculty

Academic rank

Public institutions

Private institutions

Professor

Associate professor

Assistant professor

Instructor

Lecturer

No rank

Total

4-year

2-year

Total

4-year

2-year

Current dollars

Total

1970-71

$12,710

$17,958

$13,563

$11,176

$9,360

$11,196

$12,333

$12,953

$13,121

$12,644

$11,619

$11,824

$8,664

1975-76

16,659

22,649

17,065

13,986

13,672

12,906

15,196

16,942

17,400

15,820

15,921

16,116

10,901

1980-81

23,302

30,753

23,214

18,901

15,178

17,301

22,334

23,745

24,373

22,177

22,093

22,325

15,065

1982-83

27,196

35,540

26,921

22,056

17,601

20,072

25,557

27,488

28,293

25,567

26,393

26,691

16,595

1984-85

30,447

39,743

29,945

24,668

20,230

22,334

27,683

30,646

31,764

27,864

29,910

30,247

18,510

1985-86

32,392

42,268

31,787

26,277

20,918

23,770

29,088

32,750

34,033

29,590

31,402

31,732

19,436

1987-88

35,897

47,040

35,231

29,110

22,728

25,977

31,532

36,231

37,840

32,209

35,049

35,346

21,867

1989-90

40,133

52,810

39,392

32,689

25,030

28,990

34,559

40,416

42,365

35,516

39,464

39,817

24,601

1990-91

42,165

55,540

41,414

34,434

26,332

30,097

36,395

42,317

44,510

37,055

41,788

42,224

24,088

1991-92

43,851

57,433

42,929

35,745

30,916

30,456

37,783

43,641

45,638

38,959

44,376

44,793

25,673

1992-93

44,714

58,788

43,945

36,625

28,499

30,543

37,771

44,197

46,515

38,935

45,985

46,427

26,105

1993-94

46,364

60,649

45,278

37,630

28,828

32,729

40,584

45,920

48,019

41,040

47,465

47,880

28,435

1994-95

47,811

62,709

46,713

38,756

29,665

33,198

41,227

47,432

49,738

42,101

48,741

49,379

25,613

1995-96

49,309

64,540

47,966

39,696

30,344

34,136

42,996

48,837

51,172

43,295

50,466

50,819

31,915

1996-97

50,829

66,659

49,307

40,687

31,193

34,962

44,200

50,303

52,718

44,584

52,112

52,443

32,628

1997-98

52,335

68,731

50,828

41,830

32,449

35,484

45,268

51,638

54,114

45,919

54,039

54,379

33,592

1998-99

54,097

71,322

52,576

43,348

33,819

36,819

46,250

53,319

55,948

47,285

55,981

56,284

34,821

1999-2000

55,888

74,410

54,524

44,978

34,918

38,194

47,389

55,011

57,950

48,240

58,013

58,323

35,925

2001-02

59,742

80,792

58,724

48,796

46,959

41,798

46,569

58,524

62,013

50,837

62,818

63,088

33,139

2002-03

61,330

83,466

60,471

50,552

48,304

42,622

46,338

60,014

63,486

52,330

64,533

64,814

34,826

2003-04

62,579

85,333

61,746

51,798

49,065

43,648

47,725

60,874

64,340

53,076

66,666

66,932

36,322

2004-05

64,234

88,158

63,558

53,308

49,730

44,514

48,942

62,346

66,053

53,932

68,755

68,995

37,329

2005-06

66,172

91,208

65,714

55,106

50,883

45,896

50,425

64,158

67,951

55,405

71,016

71,263

38,549

2006-07

68,479

94,649

68,056

57,079

53,272

47,306

52,180

66,443

70,287

57,459

73,358

73,575

41,138

2007-08

71,101

98,595

70,830

59,293

55,356

49,389

54,377

68,988

72,852

59,672

76,169

76,378

43,402

2008-09

73,587

102,336

73,445

61,544

56,918

51,316

56,408

71,236

75,244

61,432

79,191

79,454

43,542

2009-10

74,620

103,682

74,125

62,245

57,791

52,185

56,803

72,178

76,147

62,264

80,379

80,597

44,748

2010-11

75,481

104,961

75,107

63,136

58,003

52,584

56,549

72,715

76,857

62,359

81,897

82,098

45,146

2011-12

76,567

107,090

76,177

64,011

58,350

53,359

56,898

73,496

77,843

62,553

83,540

83,701

47,805

2012-13

77,278

108,074

77,029

64,673

57,674

53,072

58,752

73,877

78,012

62,907

84,932

85,096

44,978

2013-14

78,733

109,998

78,693

66,093

58,240

54,566

59,161

75,491

79,897

63,714

86,178

86,390

44,598

2014-15

80,157

112,825

80,335

67,589

59,208

55,335

58,305

76,811

81,372

64,116

87,605

88,212

38,168

2015-16

82,224

115,539

82,147

69,378

60,911

57,306

60,341

78,869

83,389

66,018

89,867

90,309

31,296

2016-17

84,737

119,159

84,244

71,748

63,613

58,770

61,785

81,392

85,803

67,664

92,458

92,642

53,017

2017-18

86,870

122,069

86,130

73,474

65,176

60,816

62,748

83,433

87,900

68,723

94,819

94,941

57,030

2018-19

88,698

124,670

87,838

75,106

67,756

62,545

63,171

85,143

89,640

70,398

96,956

97,109

54,452

2019-20

90,724

127,363

89,848

77,053

68,744

64,372

64,623

87,045

91,589

71,642

99,390

99,540

53,548

2020-21

91,924

127,743

90,303

77,895

70,458

65,772

64,456

88,312

92,497

73,214

100,555

100,687

57,186

2021-22

93,912

130,263

92,221

79,397

72,519

67,460

64,807

90,255

94,361

74,999

102,580

102,712

58,574

2022-23

97,716

135,344

95,934

82,520

75,331

71,234

68,683

93,959

98,203

77,882

106,600

106,705

63,570

Males

1975-76

17,414

22,902

17,209

14,174

14,430

13,579

15,761

17,661

18,121

16,339

16,784

16,946

11,378

1980-81

24,499

31,082

23,451

19,227

15,545

18,281

23,170

24,873

25,509

22,965

23,493

23,669

16,075

1982-83

28,664

35,956

27,262

22,586

18,160

21,225

26,541

28,851

29,661

26,524

28,159

28,380

17,346

1984-85

32,182

40,269

30,392

25,330

21,159

23,557

28,670

32,240

33,344

28,891

32,028

32,278

19,460

1985-86

34,294

42,833

32,273

27,094

21,693

25,238

30,267

34,528

35,786

30,758

33,656

33,900

20,412

1987-88

38,112

47,735

35,823

30,086

23,645

27,652

32,747

38,314

39,898

33,477

37,603

37,817

22,641

1989-90

42,763

53,650

40,131

33,781

25,933

31,162

35,980

42,959

44,834

37,081

42,312

42,595

25,218

1990-91

45,065

56,549

42,239

35,636

27,388

32,398

38,036

45,084

47,168

38,787

45,019

45,319

25,937

1991-92

46,848

58,494

43,814

36,969

33,359

32,843

39,422

46,483

48,401

40,811

47,733

48,042

26,825

1992-93

47,866

59,972

44,855

37,842

29,583

32,512

39,365

47,175

49,392

40,725

49,518

49,837

27,402

1993-94

49,579

61,857

46,229

38,794

29,815

34,796

42,251

48,956

50,989

42,938

51,076

51,397

30,783

1994-95

51,228

64,046

47,705

39,923

30,528

35,082

43,103

50,629

52,874

44,020

52,653

53,036

29,639

1995-96

52,814

65,949

49,037

40,858

30,940

36,135

44,624

52,163

54,448

45,209

54,364

54,649

33,301

1996-97

54,465

68,214

50,457

41,864

31,738

36,932

45,688

53,737

56,162

46,393

56,185

56,453

34,736

1997-98

56,115

70,468

52,041

43,017

33,070

37,481

46,822

55,191

57,744

47,690

58,293

58,576

36,157

1998-99

58,048

73,260

53,830

44,650

34,741

38,976

47,610

57,038

59,805

48,961

60,392

60,641

38,040

1999-2000

60,084

76,478

55,939

46,414

35,854

40,202

48,788

58,984

62,030

50,033

62,631

62,905

38,636

2001-02

64,320

83,356

60,300

50,518

48,844

44,519

48,049

62,835

66,577

52,360

67,871

68,100

33,395

2002-03

66,126

86,191

62,226

52,441

50,272

45,469

47,412

64,564

68,322

53,962

69,726

69,976

34,291

2003-04

67,485

88,262

63,466

53,649

50,985

46,214

48,973

65,476

69,248

54,623

72,021

72,250

35,604

2004-05

69,337

91,290

65,394

55,215

51,380

46,929

50,102

67,130

71,145

55,398

74,318

74,540

34,970

2005-06

71,569

94,733

67,654

57,099

52,519

48,256

51,811

69,191

73,353

56,858

76,941

77,143

38,215

2006-07

74,050

98,348

70,077

59,090

55,051

49,487

53,701

71,659

75,890

58,960

79,428

79,599

41,196

2007-08

76,957

102,605

72,943

61,374

57,134

51,795

56,170

74,394

78,671

61,189

82,734

82,903

42,995

2008-09

79,718

106,743

75,633

63,710

58,812

53,935

58,404

76,897

81,394

62,868

86,033

86,231

43,871

2009-10

80,881

108,225

76,400

64,451

59,793

54,947

58,647

77,948

82,423

63,697

87,382

87,546

44,500

2010-11

81,873

109,656

77,429

65,391

59,851

55,457

58,392

78,609

83,279

63,745

89,000

89,160

44,542

2011-12

83,150

112,066

78,560

66,303

60,066

56,367

58,807

79,544

84,444

63,918

90,840

90,976

45,250

2012-13

83,979

113,311

79,423

67,085

59,350

55,759

61,086

80,016

84,700

64,282

92,385

92,530

42,906

2013-14

85,545

115,466

81,178

68,492

59,777

57,218

61,511

81,703

86,646

65,076

93,898

94,065

44,277

2014-15

87,199

118,573

82,954

70,260

60,707

58,441

60,310

83,291

88,393

65,513

95,455

96,041

37,389

2015-16

89,361

121,535

84,781

72,272

62,390

60,428

62,468

85,367

90,464

67,352

98,016

98,466

30,050

2016-17

92,068

125,303

86,943

74,929

65,282

61,466

64,456

88,083

93,062

68,943

100,859

101,034

51,866

2017-18

94,444

128,467

88,936

76,816

67,177

63,623

65,005

90,319

95,363

69,908

103,606

103,694

61,840

2018-19

96,360

131,397

90,717

78,575

69,851

65,503

65,011

92,090

97,206

71,595

105,900

106,057

52,171

2019-20

98,525

134,329

92,877

80,650

70,638

67,392

66,541

94,070

99,293

72,659

108,628

108,799

50,272

2020-21

99,777

134,885

93,373

81,649

72,356

68,781

66,330

95,372

100,174

74,375

109,922

110,064

55,245

2021-22

101,825

137,518

95,395

83,244

74,219

70,547

66,714

97,349

102,061

76,244

112,067

112,208

58,957

2022-23

105,772

142,965

99,283

86,375

77,143

74,106

70,323

101,171

106,041

79,059

116,268

116,401

61,552

Females

1975-76

14,308

20,308

16,364

13,522

12,572

11,901

14,094

14,762

14,758

14,769

13,030

13,231

10,201

1980-81

19,996

27,959

22,295

18,302

14,854

16,168

20,843

20,673

20,608

20,778

18,073

18,326

13,892

1982-83

23,261

32,221

25,738

21,130

17,102

18,830

23,855

23,892

23,876

23,917

21,451

21,785

15,845

1984-85

25,941

35,824

28,517

23,575

19,362

21,004

26,050

26,566

26,813

26,172

24,186

24,560

17,575

1985-86

27,576

38,252

30,300

24,966

20,237

22,273

27,171

28,299

28,680

27,693

25,523

25,889

18,504

1987-88

30,499

42,371

33,528

27,600

21,962

24,370

29,605

31,215

31,820

30,228

28,621

28,946

21,215

1989-90

34,183

47,663

37,469

31,090

24,320

26,995

32,528

34,796

35,704

33,307

32,650

33,010

24,002

1990-91

35,881

49,728

39,329

32,724

25,534

28,111

34,179

36,459

37,573

34,720

34,359

34,898

22,585

1991-92

37,534

51,621

40,766

34,063

28,873

28,550

35,622

37,800

38,634

36,517

36,828

37,309

24,683

1992-93

38,385

52,755

41,861

35,032

27,700

28,922

35,792

38,356

39,470

36,710

38,460

38,987

25,068

1993-94

40,058

54,746

43,178

36,169

28,136

31,048

38,474

40,118

41,031

38,707

39,902

40,378

26,142

1994-95

41,369

56,555

44,626

37,352

29,072

31,677

38,967

41,548

42,663

39,812

40,908

41,815

22,851

1995-96

42,871

58,318

45,803

38,345

29,940

32,584

41,085

42,871

43,986

41,086

42,871

43,236

30,671

1996-97

44,325

60,160

47,101

39,350

30,819

33,415

42,474

44,306

45,402

42,531

44,374

44,726

30,661

1997-98

45,775

61,965

48,597

40,504

32,011

33,918

43,491

45,648

46,709

43,943

46,106

46,466

30,995

1998-99

47,421

64,236

50,347

41,894

33,152

35,115

44,723

47,247

48,355

45,457

47,874

48,204

31,524

1999-2000

48,997

67,079

52,091

43,367

34,228

36,607

45,865

48,714

50,168

46,340

49,737

50,052

32,951

2001-02

52,662

72,542

56,186

46,824

45,262

39,538

45,003

52,123

53,895

49,290

54,149

54,434

32,921

2002-03

54,105

75,028

57,716

48,380

46,573

40,265

45,251

53,435

55,121

50,717

55,881

56,158

35,296

2003-04

55,378

76,652

59,095

49,689

47,404

41,536

46,519

54,408

56,117

51,591

57,921

58,192

36,896

2004-05

56,926

79,160

60,809

51,154

48,351

42,455

47,860

55,780

57,714

52,566

59,919

60,143

39,291

2005-06

58,665

81,514

62,860

52,901

49,533

43,934

49,172

57,462

59,437

54,082

61,830

62,092

38,786

2006-07

60,926

84,857

65,131

54,909

51,828

45,505

50,814

59,677

61,713

56,121

64,194

64,428

41,099

2007-08

63,357

88,340

67,823

57,102

53,929

47,410

52,809

62,138

64,223

58,346

66,538

66,755

43,670

2008-09

65,662

91,528

70,393

59,291

55,431

49,184

54,663

64,230

66,391

60,195

69,375

69,668

43,344

2009-10

66,647

92,830

71,017

59,997

56,239

49,957

55,206

65,139

67,276

61,047

70,507

70,746

44,892

2010-11

67,473

94,041

72,003

60,888

56,566

50,270

54,985

65,632

67,935

61,193

72,091

72,306

45,518

2011-12

68,468

95,845

73,057

61,763

57,013

50,994

55,299

66,368

68,897

61,417

73,629

73,788

49,382

2012-13

69,124

96,563

73,966

62,321

56,361

50,963

56,777

66,703

69,083

61,774

74,987

75,149

46,407

2013-14

70,589

98,374

75,592

63,782

57,043

52,497

57,196

68,335

71,059

62,597

76,127

76,358

44,789

2014-15

71,792

100,783

77,115

65,009

58,020

52,901

56,616

69,384

72,288

62,971

77,504

78,089

38,841

2015-16

73,850

103,364

78,977

66,603

59,726

54,825

58,562

71,493

74,378

64,924

79,549

79,959

32,495

2016-17

76,199

106,881

81,037

68,701

62,277

56,601

59,568

73,826

76,696

66,616

81,976

82,146

53,866

2017-18

78,153

109,605

82,814

70,316

63,595

58,575

60,902

75,716

78,689

67,755

84,065

84,201

54,319

2018-19

79,995

111,952

84,486

71,863

66,084

60,196

61,633

77,448

80,437

69,423

86,184

86,316

56,267

2019-20

81,970

114,545

86,366

73,728

67,237

61,968

63,027

79,352

82,391

70,810

88,411

88,528

56,646

2020-21

83,207

115,005

86,810

74,481

68,950

63,399

62,965

80,653

83,453

72,279

89,567

89,676

58,842

2021-22

85,255

117,727

88,647

75,976

71,159

65,035

63,296

82,663

85,455

74,000

91,642

91,757

58,233

2022-23

88,995

122,553

92,190

79,144

73,862

68,954

67,382

86,324

89,269

76,942

95,565

95,637

65,888

Constant 2022-23 dollars¹

Total

1970-71

$95,881

$135,472

$102,322

$84,312

$70,609

$84,463

$93,041

$97,720

$98,988

$95,386

$87,650

$89,202

$65,361

1975-76

90,020

122,392

92,217

75,579

73,883

69,741

82,116

91,552

94,027

85,487

86,033

87,090

58,905

1980-81

80,615

106,392

80,310

65,389

52,509

59,854

77,266

82,147

84,320

76,723

76,432

77,235

52,118

1982-83

83,039

108,516

82,199

67,344

53,742

61,287

78,034

83,930

86,388

78,065

80,587

81,497

50,670

1984-85

86,270

112,610

84,848

69,895

57,321

63,282

78,438

86,834

90,002

78,951

84,748

85,703

52,447

1985-86

89,208

116,407

87,542

72,368

57,609

65,463

80,109

90,194

93,728

81,492

86,482

87,391

53,527

1987-88

92,866

121,693

91,143

75,308

58,797

67,202

81,575

93,730

97,893

83,325

90,672

91,441

56,570

1989-90

94,722

124,641

92,973

77,152

59,076

68,422

81,565

95,389

99,989

83,825

93,142

93,977

58,063

1990-91

94,360

124,290

92,677

77,058

58,927

67,353

81,447

94,700

99,606

82,923

93,515

94,491

53,906

1991-92

95,086

124,535

93,085

77,509

67,037

66,039

81,928

94,630

98,959

84,478

96,223

97,127

55,669

1992-93

94,019

123,612

92,402

77,010

59,925

64,222

79,420

92,932

97,806

81,868

96,692

97,622

54,891

1993-94

95,028

124,306

92,800

77,126

59,086

67,080

83,181

94,118

98,420

84,114

97,284

98,134

58,280

1994-95

95,263

124,946

93,075

77,221

59,106

66,146

82,144

94,507

99,101

83,885

97,115

98,386

51,033

1995-96

95,646

125,189

93,040

77,000

58,859

66,213

83,399

94,730

99,259

83,980

97,889

98,574

61,906

1996-97

95,859

125,713

92,989

76,731

58,827

65,935

83,358

94,866

99,420

84,081

98,278

98,903

61,534

1997-98

96,969

127,349

94,177

77,505

60,123

65,747

83,875

95,677

100,266

85,082

100,127

100,757

62,241

1998-99

98,528

129,901

95,757

78,951

61,595

67,059

84,237

97,112

101,899

86,121

101,961

102,512

63,420

1999-2000

98,934

131,723

96,519

79,622

61,813

67,612

83,889

97,382

102,584

85,396

102,696

103,245

63,594

2001-02

100,474

135,877

98,763

82,065

78,976

70,297

78,320

98,426

104,294

85,498

105,647

106,103

55,733

2002-03

100,927

137,356

99,513

83,191

79,491

70,141

76,256

98,762

104,475

86,117

106,199

106,661

57,311

2003-04

100,778

137,422

99,436

83,416

79,014

70,291

76,857

98,032

103,614

85,474

107,359

107,788

58,493

2004-05

100,422

137,824

99,364

83,340

77,746

69,592

76,514

97,469

103,265

84,315

107,489

107,865

58,359

2005-06

99,656

137,361

98,966

82,990

76,630

69,120

75,940

96,623

102,335

83,441

106,952

107,324

58,055

2006-07

100,531

138,950

99,910

83,795

78,206

69,447

76,602

97,542

103,184

84,352

107,693

108,011

60,393

2007-08

100,650

139,571

100,267

83,935

78,362

69,914

76,975

97,659

103,130

84,471

107,825

108,120

61,440

2008-09

102,735

142,872

102,537

85,921

79,463

71,643

78,751

99,453

105,048

85,766

110,559

110,925

60,789

2009-10

103,179

143,363

102,494

86,068

79,909

72,158

78,543

99,803

105,290

86,095

111,142

111,443

61,874

2010-11

102,315

142,276

101,808

85,582

78,623

71,278

76,653

98,566

104,180

84,528

111,012

111,285

61,196

2011-12

100,833

141,029

100,319

84,298

76,842

70,270

74,930

96,788

102,513

82,377

110,016

110,227

62,956

2012-13

100,103

139,995

99,781

83,775

74,708

68,748

76,105

95,697

101,054

81,487

110,018

110,231

58,263

2013-14

100,419

140,295

100,368

84,297

74,282

69,596

75,456

96,285

101,904

81,263

109,915

110,186

56,882

2014-15

101,496

142,862

101,722

85,583

74,970

70,067

73,827

97,259

103,034

81,185

110,927

111,696

48,330

2015-16

103,416

145,318

103,320

87,259

76,610

72,076

75,893

99,196

104,881

83,033

113,029

113,585

39,362

2016-17

104,652

147,164

104,043

88,610

78,564

72,582

76,306

100,521

105,969

83,567

114,187

114,415

65,477

2017-18

104,921

147,434

104,028

88,741

78,719

73,454

75,787

100,770

106,165

83,003

114,522

114,669

68,881

2018-19

104,954

147,519

103,936

88,870

80,174

74,008

74,749

100,748

106,069

83,300

114,726

114,907

64,431

2019-20

105,698

148,384

104,677

89,771

80,090

74,996

75,289

101,412

106,705

83,467

115,795

115,969

62,385

2020-21

104,686

145,478

102,840

88,709

80,240

74,903

73,405

100,572

105,338

83,379

114,515

114,666

65,125

2021-22

99,793

138,420

97,995

84,369

77,060

71,684

68,865

95,907

100,270

79,695

109,003

109,144

62,242

2022-23

97,716

135,344

95,934

82,520

75,331

71,234

68,683

93,959

98,203

77,882

106,600

106,705

63,570

Males

1975-76

94,100

123,758

92,992

76,595

77,976

73,378

85,169

95,438

97,921

88,295

90,699

91,571

61,483

1980-81

84,756

107,530

81,130

66,517

53,779

63,244

80,158

86,050

88,250

79,449

81,276

81,884

55,613

1982-83

87,521

109,786

83,240

68,963

55,449

64,807

81,039

88,092

90,565

80,987

85,979

86,654

52,963

1984-85

91,186

114,100

86,114

71,771

59,953

66,747

81,235

91,350

94,478

81,861

90,750

91,458

55,139

1985-86

94,447

117,963

88,881

74,618

59,743

69,506

83,356

95,091

98,556

84,708

92,690

93,362

56,215

1987-88

98,596

123,490

92,675

77,834

61,169

71,537

84,717

99,119

103,217

86,606

97,280

97,833

58,573

1989-90

100,930

126,624

94,716

79,729

61,206

73,548

84,919

101,390

105,817

87,519

99,865

100,531

59,520

1990-91

100,849

126,548

94,523

79,747

61,291

72,501

85,118

100,892

105,554

86,799

100,746

101,418

58,042

1991-92

101,583

126,835

95,005

80,161

72,335

71,216

85,481

100,792

104,951

88,494

103,502

104,172

58,166

1992-93

100,646

126,102

94,317

79,570

62,204

68,363

82,772

99,194

103,857

85,631

104,121

104,792

57,617

1993-94

101,616

126,781

94,750

79,511

61,109

71,317

86,597

100,339

104,506

88,005

104,685

105,343

63,093

1994-95

102,071

127,611

95,052

79,545

60,827

69,900

85,883

100,878

105,350

87,709

104,910

105,674

59,056

1995-96

102,444

127,922

95,118

79,252

60,015

70,092

86,559

101,181

105,614

87,692

105,450

106,004

64,594

1996-97

102,715

128,645

95,156

78,952

59,855

69,650

86,163

101,343

105,916

87,492

105,960

106,464

65,508

1997-98

103,974

130,567

96,425

79,704

61,275

69,447

86,754

102,261

106,992

88,363

108,009

108,534

66,994

1998-99

105,724

133,431

98,041

81,322

63,275

70,987

86,714

103,885

108,925

89,174

109,993

110,447

69,284

1999-2000

106,362

135,383

99,024

82,162

63,470

71,166

86,366

104,414

109,807

88,570

110,871

111,356

68,394

2001-02

108,175

140,188

101,413

84,961

82,146

74,873

80,810

105,676

111,970

88,060

114,146

114,530

56,164

2002-03

108,820

141,840

102,401

86,299

82,730

74,825

78,023

106,249

112,434

88,802

114,744

115,156

56,430

2003-04

108,678

142,138

102,207

86,396

82,106

74,423

78,867

105,443

111,517

87,966

115,984

116,352

57,338

2004-05

108,400

142,720

102,234

86,322

80,326

73,368

78,327

104,949

111,226

86,608

116,187

116,534

54,671

2005-06

107,784

142,670

101,887

85,992

79,095

72,675

78,028

104,203

110,471

85,629

115,875

116,178

57,553

2006-07

108,709

144,380

102,877

86,746

80,817

72,649

78,836

105,199

111,410

86,556

116,604

116,856

60,478

2007-08

108,940

145,247

103,258

86,881

80,878

73,321

79,513

105,312

111,366

86,620

117,118

117,357

60,864

2008-09

111,295

149,024

105,591

88,945

82,108

75,299

81,538

107,356

113,634

87,771

120,111

120,387

61,248

2009-10

111,837

149,645

105,641

89,118

82,677

75,977

81,093

107,780

113,968

88,075

120,825

121,052

61,531

2010-11

110,980

148,640

104,955

88,637

81,129

75,173

79,151

106,554

112,886

86,407

120,640

120,857

60,377

2011-12

109,503

147,582

103,457

87,316

79,102

74,230

77,444

104,754

111,206

84,175

119,629

119,808

59,591

2012-13

108,783

146,779

102,881

86,899

76,879

72,228

79,128

103,650

109,717

83,269

119,672

119,859

55,579

2013-14

109,108

147,270

103,538

87,358

76,242

72,978

78,453

104,207

110,511

83,001

119,762

119,974

56,472

2014-15

110,413

150,139

105,038

88,964

76,869

74,000

76,365

105,464

111,925

82,953

120,866

121,609

47,343

2015-16

112,392

152,860

106,632

90,900

78,470

76,002

78,569

107,370

113,780

84,711

123,279

123,844

37,795

2016-17

113,705

154,751

107,377

92,538

80,624

75,911

79,604

108,784

114,934

85,146

124,563

124,778

64,055

2017-18

114,069

155,161

107,417

92,778

81,136

76,843

78,513

109,087

115,179

84,435

125,135

125,241

74,689

2018-19

114,020

155,478

107,343

92,975

82,653

77,508

76,925

108,968

115,021

84,716

125,309

125,494

61,733

2019-20

114,786

156,499

108,206

93,960

82,296

78,515

77,523

109,596

115,681

84,651

126,557

126,756

58,569

2020-21

113,629

153,612

106,336

92,984

82,402

78,330

75,539

108,613

114,082

84,701

125,183

125,345

62,915

2021-22

108,201

146,129

101,368

88,456

78,867

74,965

70,892

103,445

108,451

81,018

119,085

119,234

62,649

2022-23

105,772

142,965

99,283

86,375

77,143

74,106

70,323

101,171

106,041

79,059

116,268

116,401

61,552

Females

1975-76

77,315

109,741

88,427

73,070

67,936

64,308

76,161

79,774

79,752

79,808

70,414

71,496

55,122

1980-81

69,178

96,726

77,131

63,317

51,388

55,934

72,108

71,520

71,295

71,883

62,525

63,400

48,060

1982-83

71,024

98,382

78,587

64,517

52,218

57,494

72,837

72,950

72,901

73,027

65,497

66,517

48,380

1984-85

73,502

101,505

80,801

66,798

54,861

59,514

73,811

75,273

75,973

74,157

68,530

69,589

49,798

1985-86

75,945

105,347

83,447

68,757

55,733

61,340

74,830

77,936

78,986

76,267

70,291

71,299

50,961

1987-88

78,902

109,614

86,738

71,402

56,816

63,045

76,589

80,754

82,319

78,200

74,043

74,884

54,884

1989-90

80,678

112,493

88,433

73,377

57,399

63,714

76,773

82,126

84,269

78,610

77,059

77,910

56,649

1990-91

80,295

111,284

88,013

73,232

57,141

62,909

76,486

81,590

84,083

77,698

76,889

78,096

50,542

1991-92

81,387

111,933

88,395

73,861

62,607

61,906

77,242

81,964

83,773

79,182

79,856

80,899

53,522

1992-93

80,711

110,928

88,020

73,662

58,245

60,814

75,259

80,650

82,993

77,190

80,869

81,977

52,710

1993-94

82,103

112,207

88,497

74,131

57,668

63,636

78,855

82,225

84,096

79,333

81,784

82,758

53,580

1994-95

82,427

112,684

88,917

74,423

57,926

63,115

77,641

82,783

85,005

79,324

81,508

83,315

45,531

1995-96

83,157

113,119

88,845

74,379

58,075

63,204

79,693

83,157

85,320

79,696

83,158

83,865

59,494

1996-97

83,592

113,455

88,828

74,211

58,122

63,018

80,102

83,556

85,624

80,209

83,684

84,349

57,824

1997-98

84,814

114,812

90,044

75,047

59,312

62,845

80,582

84,579

86,544

81,420

85,428

86,096

57,430

1998-99

86,369

116,995

91,699

76,302

60,381

63,956

81,455

86,052

88,069

82,792

87,195

87,796

57,415

1999-2000

86,735

118,745

92,212

76,770

60,591

64,803

81,191

86,235

88,809

82,032

88,046

88,604

58,330

2001-02

88,567

122,001

94,494

78,749

76,122

66,495

75,686

87,661

90,642

82,896

91,068

91,548

55,367

2002-03

89,037

123,469

94,981

79,616

76,643

66,262

74,467

87,935

90,709

83,463

91,961

92,417

58,085

2003-04

89,181

123,441

95,168

80,020

76,340

66,890

74,915

87,620

90,372

83,083

93,277

93,713

59,418

2004-05

88,996

123,756

95,067

79,973

75,590

66,373

74,822

87,205

90,228

82,180

93,675

94,025

61,426

2005-06

88,350

122,761

94,667

79,670

74,598

66,166

74,054

86,539

89,513

81,449

93,117

93,512

58,413

2006-07

89,442

124,575

95,616

80,609

76,086

66,804

74,598

87,609

90,597

82,389

94,240

94,583

60,336

2007-08

89,688

125,054

96,010

80,834

76,342

67,113

74,757

87,962

90,914

82,594

94,191

94,499

61,820

2008-09

91,670

127,783

98,276

82,776

77,387

68,666

76,315

89,672

92,689

84,039

96,854

97,263

60,512

2009-10

92,155

128,359

98,196

82,959

77,764

69,077

76,334

90,070

93,025

84,411

97,492

97,822

62,073

2010-11

91,461

127,474

97,601

82,534

76,675

68,142

74,532

88,964

92,087

82,947

97,720

98,011

61,700

2011-12

90,167

126,220

96,210

81,337

75,082

67,155

72,824

87,401

90,732

80,882

96,964

97,173

65,032

2012-13

89,540

125,084

95,813

80,729

73,007

66,016

73,547

86,405

89,488

80,020

97,135

97,346

60,114

2013-14

90,032

125,470

96,413

81,351

72,755

66,957

72,950

87,158

90,632

79,838

97,095

97,390

57,126

2014-15

90,905

127,614

97,645

82,316

73,467

66,984

71,688

87,855

91,532

79,735

98,137

98,878

49,182

2015-16

92,884

130,005

99,333

83,770

75,120

68,955

73,655

89,919

93,548

81,658

100,051

100,567

40,870

2016-17

94,108

132,000

100,083

84,847

76,913

69,903

73,567

91,177

94,721

82,272

101,242

101,452

66,525

2017-18

94,393

132,380

100,022

84,928

76,809

70,747

73,557

91,449

95,040

81,834

101,533

101,698

65,607

2018-19

94,656

132,470

99,969

85,034

78,195

71,228

72,929

91,643

95,178

82,146

101,979

102,135

66,579

2019-20

95,498

133,450

100,620

85,897

78,334

72,196

73,430

92,448

95,990

82,497

103,003

103,140

65,995

2020-21

94,759

130,972

98,862

84,821

78,523

72,201

71,706

91,851

95,039

82,313

102,001

102,126

67,011

2021-22

90,593

125,099

94,198

80,733

75,615

69,108

67,260

87,840

90,806

78,634

97,381

97,502

61,880

2022-23

88,995

122,553

92,190

79,144

73,862

68,954

67,382

86,324

89,269

76,942

95,565

95,637

65,888

¹Constant dollars based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, adjusted to an academic-year basis.

NOTE: Data in this table represent the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Data exclude instructional faculty at medical schools. Data through 1995-96 are for institutions of higher education and U.S. service academies, while later data are for degree-granting institutions and U.S. service academies. Degree-granting institutions grant associate’s or higher degrees and participate in Title IV federal financial aid programs. Data for 1987-88 and later years include imputations for nonrespondent institutions. Separate data for instructional faculty on 9-month contracts were not available prior to 2016-17. Therefore, this table reports combined data for faculty on 9-month and 10-month contracts. Some data have been revised from previously published figures.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), "Faculty Salaries, Tenure, and Fringe Benefits" surveys, 1970-71 through 1985-86; Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), "Salaries, Tenure, and Fringe Benefits of Full-Time Instructional Faculty Survey" (IPEDS-SA:87-99); and IPEDS, Human Resources component, Salaries section, Winter 2001-02 through Winter 2011-12 (final data), Spring 2013 through Spring 2022 (final data), and Spring 2023 (provisional data). (This table was prepared January 2024.)