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Digest of Education Statistics
2023 Tables and Figures All Years of Tables and Figures Most Recent Full Issue of the Digest

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Table 501.30.Percentage and number of persons 18 to 24 years old who were neither enrolled in school nor working, by age group, high school completion status, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status: Selected years, 2012 through 2022
[Standard errors appear in parentheses]
Age group, high school completion status, sex, race/ethnicity, and disability status Percent who were neither enrolled in school nor working 2022
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2021 Number (in thousands) Percent who were neither enrolled in school nor working
Total Neither enrolled in school nor working
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

     18 to 24 years old, all persons 

17.1

 

(0.08)

16.7

 

(0.11)

15.9

 

(0.09)

14.8

 

(0.09)

14.1

 

(0.09)

13.9

 

(0.10)

13.5

 

(0.09)

12.8

 

(0.10)

14.7


(0.09)

31,269


(36.0)

4,109


(24.9)

13.1


(0.08)
Sex            
  Male  17.6   (0.11) 17.1   (0.14) 16.1   (0.14) 15.2   (0.13) 14.6   (0.12) 14.3   (0.12) 13.9   (0.12) 13.3   (0.12) 15.3 (0.12) 16,016 (21.9) 2,160 (19.0) 13.5 (0.12)
  Female  16.6   (0.13) 16.3   (0.14) 15.7   (0.12) 14.5   (0.13) 13.6   (0.12) 13.4   (0.13) 13.0   (0.11) 12.4   (0.13) 14.0 (0.11) 15,253 (20.7) 1,949 (16.7) 12.8 (0.11)

Race/ethnicity




































  American Indian/Alaska Native  32.7   (1.07) 33.3   (1.06) 32.1   (1.15) 31.0   (1.10) 32.0   (1.01) 29.2   (1.15) 28.7   (1.11) 27.0   (1.23) 29.0 (1.25) 178 (3.5) 48 (2.3) 27.0 (1.05)
  Asian  8.6   (0.27) 9.0   (0.31) 8.7   (0.30) 8.2   (0.28) 7.6   (0.26) 7.4   (0.23) 6.9   (0.24) 6.2   (0.25) 8.2 (0.24) 1,726 (10.5) 128 (4.8) 7.4 (0.28)
  Black  27.2   (0.31) 26.2   (0.29) 24.9   (0.30) 22.6   (0.31) 21.0   (0.29) 21.6   (0.32) 21.0   (0.32) 19.9   (0.35) 22.9 (0.35) 4,115 (22.0) 829 (13.5) 20.2 (0.33)
  Hispanic  21.2   (0.22) 19.8   (0.26) 18.4   (0.24) 17.5   (0.21) 16.6   (0.22) 16.1   (0.18) 15.5   (0.19) 14.8   (0.19) 17.2 (0.20) 7,447 (16.4) 1,155 (14.6) 15.5 (0.19)
  Pacific Islander  24.8   (2.35) 21.3   (2.34) 23.7   (2.65) 16.8   (2.04) 15.5   (1.99) 19.8   (2.68) 20.8   (2.48) 18.8   (2.30) 18.3 (1.84) 60 (3.3) 15 (1.5) 24.3 (2.17)
  White 13.5   (0.10) 13.5   (0.12) 12.9   (0.09) 12.1   (0.11) 11.6   (0.12) 11.3   (0.13) 11.0   (0.09) 10.5   (0.10) 11.8 (0.11) 16,013 (14.2) 1,697 (15.1) 10.6 (0.09)
  Some other race1 14.5   (1.60) 13.6   (1.73) 14.1   (1.54) 20.1   (2.07) 13.4   (1.82) 15.0   (1.64) 16.0   (1.67) 11.6   (1.61) 14.9 (1.29) 172 (6.7) 23 (2.2) 13.2 (1.14)
  Two or more races  16.6   (0.55) 15.4   (0.48) 16.6   (0.52) 14.7   (0.54) 13.7   (0.49) 14.4   (0.43) 14.0   (0.46) 13.8   (0.49) 15.5 (0.44) 1,560 (17.7) 215 (5.5) 13.8 (0.31)

  Race/ethnicity by sex 




































    Male 
      American Indian/Alaska Native  34.1   (1.50) 34.7   (1.44) 33.0   (1.68) 32.0   (1.46) 34.9   (1.81) 28.1   (1.76) 26.9   (1.24) 28.5   (1.71) 30.4 (1.61) 91 (2.6) 26 (1.5) 28.1 (1.48)
      Asian  8.1   (0.40) 8.3   (0.34) 8.1   (0.40) 8.0   (0.36) 7.7   (0.36) 7.3   (0.38) 7.0   (0.32) 6.1   (0.29) 8.6 (0.34) 874 (8.2) 68 (2.9) 7.8 (0.33)
      Black  31.1   (0.45) 30.3   (0.44) 28.6   (0.51) 26.5   (0.41) 24.5   (0.38) 25.3   (0.52) 24.1   (0.40) 23.4   (0.44) 26.1 (0.44) 2,077 (12.7) 474 (9.9) 22.8 (0.46)
      Hispanic  19.5   (0.31) 18.1   (0.30) 16.9   (0.34) 15.9   (0.27) 15.3   (0.28) 15.1   (0.23) 14.8   (0.27) 13.9   (0.24) 17.0 (0.26) 3,821 (11.2) 561 (11.0) 14.7 (0.28)
      Pacific Islander  23.6   (3.79) 19.8   (2.85) 17.9   (3.23) 10.4   (1.89) 13.5   (2.56) 19.0   (3.20) 21.3   (3.43) 16.4   (3.07) 17.4 (2.84) 31 (2.1) 6 (1.2) 20.5 (3.39)
      White  13.9   (0.14) 13.9   (0.16) 12.9   (0.16) 12.3   (0.15) 11.9   (0.16) 11.5   (0.17) 11.2   (0.12) 10.7   (0.14) 12.2 (0.16) 8,235 (10.7) 890 (11.2) 10.8 (0.14)
      Some other race1 14.8   (2.17) 16.0   (2.22) 13.0   (2.34) 21.1   (3.11) 16.6   (2.69) 14.5   (2.10) 18.2   (2.58) 13.5   (2.29) 16.0 (1.96) 93 (4.8) 12 (1.5) 12.6 (1.49)
      Two or more races  18.7   (0.82) 16.1   (0.72) 16.3   (0.74) 15.7   (0.83) 15.2   (0.75) 15.3   (0.63) 15.6   (0.73) 15.3   (0.74) 16.3 (0.69) 794 (12.9) 123 (4.8) 15.5 (0.56)
    Female     
      American Indian/Alaska Native  31.2   (1.59) 31.9   (1.46) 31.2   (1.53) 30.0   (1.61) 28.9   (1.46) 30.3   (1.33) 30.4   (1.65) 25.4   (1.72) 27.4 (1.83) 86 (2.4) 22 (1.8) 25.8 (1.89)
      Asian  9.2   (0.41) 9.7   (0.45) 9.3   (0.43) 8.3   (0.40) 7.5   (0.38) 7.6   (0.30) 6.8   (0.35) 6.4   (0.40) 7.7 (0.35) 852 (6.2) 60 (3.4) 7.1 (0.40)
      Black  23.3   (0.40) 22.1   (0.39) 21.1   (0.38) 18.6   (0.37) 17.2   (0.37) 17.8   (0.36) 17.9   (0.45) 16.3   (0.46) 19.6 (0.47) 2,038 (14.4) 355 (9.4) 17.4 (0.45)
      Hispanic  23.1   (0.31) 21.8   (0.40) 20.1   (0.35) 19.2   (0.31) 18.1   (0.30) 17.1   (0.29) 16.2   (0.26) 15.7   (0.26) 17.4 (0.28) 3,626 (10.3) 593 (9.8) 16.4 (0.27)
      Pacific Islander  26.2   (3.11) 23.0   (3.17) 30.6   (4.17) 22.6   (3.27) 17.6   (2.77) 20.8   (3.29) 20.3   (3.35) 21.5   (2.90) 19.5 (2.60) 29 (2.4) 8 (1.1) 28.4 (3.10)
      White  13.0   (0.15) 13.2   (0.17) 13.0   (0.13) 11.9   (0.14) 11.3   (0.14) 11.0   (0.16) 10.8   (0.12) 10.3   (0.14) 11.4 (0.14) 7,778 (8.3) 807 (10.0) 10.4 (0.13)
      Some other race1 14.1   (2.42) 11.4   (2.20) 15.3   (2.36) 19.1   (2.85) 10.2   (2.36) 15.6   (2.58) 13.9   (2.06) 9.8   (2.19) 13.8 (1.48) 79 (4.1) 11 (1.3) 14.0 (1.46)
      Two or more races  14.5   (0.68) 14.7   (0.61) 16.9   (0.61) 13.8   (0.68) 12.1   (0.63) 13.5   (0.67) 12.3   (0.60) 12.4   (0.71) 14.6 (0.55) 765 (11.7) 92 (3.8) 12.0 (0.46)

Disability status2




































  With a disability 41.4 (0.42) 40.9 (0.52) 39.8 (0.52) 37.4 (0.48) 36.2 (0.41) 36.3 (0.44) 35.3 (0.44) 33.4 (0.53) 32.7 (0.42) 2,775 (20.7) 831 (12.7) 30.0 (0.38)
  Without disability  15.6 (0.09) 15.2 (0.10) 14.4 (0.08) 13.4 (0.10) 12.6 (0.09) 12.3 (0.09) 11.9 (0.09) 11.4 (0.10) 13.1 (0.09) 28,493 (38.5) 3,278 (23.4) 11.5 (0.08)

18 and 19 years old, all persons

13.0

 

(0.15)

12.5

 

(0.18)

11.6

 

(0.15)

11.1

 

(0.13)

10.5

 

(0.16)

10.8

 

(0.15)

10.8

 

(0.14)

10.1

 

(0.15)

11.1


(0.17)

8,773


(24.8)

913


(12.1)

10.4


(0.13)

20 to 24 years old, all persons

18.7

 

(0.11)

18.3

 

(0.12)

17.6

 

(0.11)

16.3

 

(0.12)

15.5

 

(0.11)

15.1

 

(0.12)

14.5

 

(0.10)

14.0

 

(0.12)

16.1


(0.11)

22,495


(30.8)

3,197


(22.7)

14.2


(0.10)
  Sex            
    Male  18.9   (0.14) 18.5   (0.16) 17.4   (0.17) 16.3   (0.17) 15.7   (0.15) 15.2   (0.15) 14.7   (0.14) 14.1   (0.15) 16.5 (0.15) 11,518 (22.1) 1,643 (17.2) 14.3 (0.15)
    Female  18.5   (0.17) 18.2   (0.16) 17.7   (0.16) 16.2   (0.17) 15.3   (0.14) 15.0   (0.16) 14.4   (0.15) 13.9   (0.16) 15.7 (0.15) 10,977 (20.1) 1,553 (16.7) 14.2 (0.15)

  Race/ethnicity




































    American Indian/Alaska Native  34.3   (1.25) 37.5   (1.37) 36.5   (1.37) 33.3   (1.41) 35.2   (1.31) 31.6   (1.52) 31.9   (1.43) 30.1   (1.45) 31.9 (1.68) 125 (3.3) 37 (2.1) 30.0 (1.33)
    Asian  10.2   (0.32) 10.4   (0.39) 10.1   (0.40) 9.5   (0.36) 9.0   (0.35) 8.3   (0.31) 8.0   (0.27) 7.4   (0.32) 9.7 (0.32) 1,224 (10.3) 109 (4.2) 8.9 (0.34)
    Black  30.1   (0.41) 28.6   (0.37) 27.8   (0.36) 24.9   (0.38) 23.2   (0.32) 23.7   (0.39) 23.0   (0.36) 22.2   (0.47) 25.4 (0.40) 2,980 (19.5) 655 (11.6) 22.0 (0.39)
    Hispanic  22.8   (0.26) 21.4   (0.31) 19.8   (0.28) 18.8   (0.26) 18.1   (0.27) 17.1   (0.22) 16.4   (0.23) 15.8   (0.20) 18.5 (0.23) 5,314 (15.6) 874 (13.3) 16.4 (0.24)
    Pacific Islander  26.5   (2.81) 19.9   (2.59) 22.3   (3.23) 19.8   (2.44) 16.6   (2.52) 20.2   (3.23) 21.5   (3.07) 16.6   (2.50) 18.0 (2.35) 43 (2.7) 11 (1.4) 26.2 (2.63)
    White 14.9   (0.13) 15.0   (0.15) 14.3   (0.12) 13.4   (0.12) 12.9   (0.14) 12.5   (0.15) 11.9   (0.11) 11.5   (0.13) 13.1 (0.13) 11,607 (14.0) 1,328 (14.3) 11.4 (0.12)
    Some other race1 13.6   (1.85) 13.9   (2.01) 15.5   (1.84) 19.6   (2.39) 14.6   (2.23) 15.0   (1.63) 16.7   (2.15) 14.2   (2.01) 17.4 (1.61) 118 (4.8) 16 (1.8) 13.7 (1.46)
    Two or more races  18.2   (0.68) 17.6   (0.71) 19.1   (0.72) 16.2   (0.71) 15.0   (0.58) 16.2   (0.62) 15.6   (0.55) 15.4   (0.64) 16.8 (0.51) 1,085 (15.1) 165 (5.2) 15.2 (0.42)

  Disability status2




































    With a disability 47.5 (0.54) 46.5 (0.63) 46.0 (0.62) 42.9 (0.57) 41.7 (0.54) 41.4 (0.61) 40.2 (0.56) 38.4 (0.66) 37.2 (0.52) 2,038 (18.4) 673 (11.7) 33.0 (0.45)
    Without disability  17.0 (0.11) 16.5 (0.12) 15.7 (0.11) 14.6 (0.13) 13.7 (0.10) 13.3 (0.11) 12.8 (0.10) 12.2 (0.12) 14.3 (0.11) 20,458 (31.8) 2,524 (19.1) 12.3 (0.09)
  
  Has completed high school,3 
     all persons 

15.4

 

(0.12)

15.2

 

(0.13)

14.8

 

(0.11)

13.7

 

(0.11)

13.1

 

(0.11)

12.9

 

(0.11)

12.4

 

(0.10)

12.0

 

(0.12)

14.2


(0.11)

20,883


(33.7)

2,597


(20.6)

12.4


(0.09)
    Sex            
      Male  15.6   (0.15) 15.4   (0.16) 14.7   (0.16) 13.7   (0.15) 13.2   (0.15) 12.9   (0.13) 12.5   (0.13) 12.1   (0.16) 14.4 (0.15) 10,548 (24.8) 1,310 (15.9) 12.4 (0.15)
      Female  15.2   (0.17) 15.0   (0.16) 14.9   (0.15) 13.8   (0.15) 13.0   (0.15) 12.9   (0.16) 12.3   (0.14) 12.0   (0.16) 13.9 (0.16) 10,335 (22.9) 1,287 (15.5) 12.5 (0.14)

    Race/ethnicity




































      American Indian/Alaska Native  29.6   (1.26) 32.9   (1.52) 32.0   (1.40) 27.9   (1.56) 30.8   (1.35) 28.0   (1.47) 27.4   (1.37) 26.7   (1.57) 26.5 (1.53) 108 (3.3) 27 (2.0) 25.5 (1.45)
      Asian  8.9   (0.32) 9.5   (0.37) 8.9   (0.37) 8.5   (0.33) 8.2   (0.35) 7.5   (0.28) 7.3   (0.27) 6.6   (0.30) 8.8 (0.31) 1,186 (10.3) 94 (3.9) 8.0 (0.33)
      Black  24.9   (0.41) 23.5   (0.38) 23.4   (0.39) 21.1   (0.40) 19.5   (0.37) 20.4   (0.38) 19.7   (0.35) 19.6   (0.46) 22.6 (0.42) 2,752 (19.8) 541 (10.5) 19.7 (0.39)
      Hispanic  18.5   (0.27) 17.7   (0.32) 16.4   (0.28) 15.8   (0.25) 15.2   (0.29) 14.7   (0.23) 14.1   (0.22) 13.6   (0.21) 16.4 (0.24) 4,713 (17.5) 678 (11.2) 14.4 (0.23)
      Pacific Islander  22.4   (2.72) 18.8   (2.67) 17.6   (3.34) 17.7   (2.36) 15.8   (2.68) 19.2   (3.40) 17.2   (2.70) 12.0   (1.84) 14.7 (2.28) 37 (2.4) 8 (1.1) 21.4 (2.57)
      White 12.6   (0.13) 12.8   (0.15) 12.4   (0.11) 11.5   (0.12) 11.0   (0.13) 10.7   (0.14) 10.2   (0.10) 9.9   (0.12) 11.5 (0.14) 10,962 (16.7) 1,100 (12.4) 10.0 (0.11)
      Some other race1 12.8   (1.89) 12.2   (1.94) 11.4   (1.80) 17.9   (2.47) 11.9   (1.89) 12.4   (1.55) 15.2   (2.25) 13.5   (2.10) 13.9 (1.72) 108 (4.4) 12 (1.6) 10.9 (1.44)
      Two or more races  15.6   (0.70) 14.8   (0.69) 16.7   (0.73) 13.6   (0.65) 12.9   (0.57) 14.2   (0.64) 13.4   (0.57) 12.8   (0.58) 15.1 (0.50) 1,016 (14.3) 136 (4.8) 13.4 (0.42)

    Disability status2




































      With a disability 41.5 (0.67) 40.2 (0.66) 40.9 (0.72) 37.9 (0.64) 36.6 (0.63) 36.5 (0.69) 35.5 (0.64) 34.3 (0.69) 32.5 (0.53) 1,762 (17.6) 511 (10.0) 29.0 (0.46)
      Without disability  14.1 (0.12) 13.9 (0.12) 13.4 (0.11) 12.4 (0.12) 11.7 (0.10) 11.5 (0.11) 11.0 (0.10) 10.6 (0.12) 12.7 (0.11) 19,121 (34.5) 2,086 (17.7) 10.9 (0.09)
  
  Has not completed high school, 
     all persons 

48.2

 

(0.39)

46.0

 

(0.47)

44.8

 

(0.49)

42.7

 

(0.48)

42.6

 

(0.49)

41.6

 

(0.56)

40.8

 

(0.53)

39.1

 

(0.52)

41.5


(0.58)

1,612


(20.0)

600


(11.5)

37.2


(0.52)
    Sex            
      Male  43.9   (0.58) 41.5   (0.60) 40.3   (0.64) 39.7   (0.55) 39.4   (0.62) 39.0   (0.64) 37.2   (0.66) 36.5   (0.64) 39.1 (0.67) 970 (12.7) 333 (8.0) 34.4 (0.70)
      Female  54.5   (0.71) 52.9   (0.68) 51.4   (0.63) 47.1   (0.87) 47.6   (0.92) 45.6   (0.87) 46.3   (0.91) 43.0   (0.93) 45.2 (0.95) 642 (13.4) 266 (8.3) 41.5 (0.90)

    Race/ethnicity




































      American Indian/Alaska Native  57.6   (3.46) 58.0   (3.15) 58.2   (2.89) 56.1   (3.29) 57.5   (3.56) 56.3   (4.03) 60.4   (4.55) 49.7   (4.35) 63.3 (4.13) 17 (1.6) 10 (1.2) 58.4 (3.98)
      Asian  37.7   (3.09) 36.4   (3.26) 38.3   (2.73) 31.7   (2.93) 30.4   (2.63) 30.7   (2.82) 27.9   (2.53) 34.9   (3.39) 38.4 (3.27) 37 (2.9) 14 (1.8) 38.6 (3.59)
      Black  63.3   (0.95) 60.0   (1.02) 58.7   (0.93) 55.9   (1.13) 54.2   (1.35) 54.1   (1.41) 54.0   (1.45) 50.2   (1.60) 56.5 (1.58) 228 (7.1) 115 (4.8) 50.4 (1.39)
      Hispanic  40.5   (0.79) 38.0   (0.78) 37.1   (0.82) 35.6   (0.83) 36.4   (0.83) 34.5   (0.88) 33.9   (0.96) 32.7   (0.82) 34.7 (0.91) 600 (11.3) 196 (6.1) 32.6 (0.89)
      Pacific Islander  49.2   (10.64)   (†) 56.4   (8.67)   (†) 23.6 ! (7.13) 34.4 ! (12.22) 56.0   (11.05) 54.0   (12.14) 47.3 (10.81) 6 (1.2) (†) 55.7 (9.59)
      White 48.9   (0.66) 46.4   (0.70) 44.5   (0.79) 42.7   (0.69) 43.0   (0.88) 42.4   (0.79) 41.1   (0.73) 39.5   (0.72) 41.4 (0.90) 644 (12.4) 228 (7.4) 35.4 (0.89)
      Some other race1 23.5 ! (7.85) 29.2   (8.04)   (†) 39.6   (11.25) 37.7   (10.56) 45.6   (7.32) 42.8   (10.79) 22.4 ! (8.91) 46.9 (6.83) 10 (1.6) 4 (1.0) 43.4 (6.86)
      Two or more races  47.1   (2.76) 49.7   (3.22) 50.8   (2.55) 55.2   (3.20) 43.1   (3.19) 43.5   (3.17) 40.2   (2.70) 46.5   (2.82) 39.0 (2.50) 69 (3.7) 29 (2.4) 42.3 (2.39)

    Disability status2




































      With a disability 66.5 (1.25) 66.6 (1.16) 64.2 (1.10) 62.5 (1.09) 63.0 (1.15) 63.0 (1.29) 61.7 (1.30) 58.5 (1.22) 62.8 (1.28) 276 (6.8) 162 (5.8) 58.8 (1.39)
      Without disability  45.4 (0.43) 42.5 (0.52) 41.5 (0.52) 39.5 (0.51) 39.0 (0.50) 37.7 (0.59) 37.0 (0.56) 35.4 (0.54) 37.1 (0.58) 1,336 (19.5) 438 (10.0) 32.7 (0.59)
†Not applicable.
!Interpret data with caution. The coefficient of variation (CV) for this estimate is between 30 and 50 percent.
‡Reporting standards not met. Either there are too few cases for a reliable estimate or the coefficient of variation (CV) is 50 percent or greater.
1Respondents who wrote in some other race that was not included as an option on the questionnaire.
2Disability status identifies individuals who have serious difficulty with one or more of four basic areas of functioning (hearing, vision, cognition, and ambulation) or with self-care or independent living.
3Includes completing high school through equivalency programs, such as a GED program.
NOTE: Data are based on sample surveys of the entire population residing within the United States, including both noninstitutionalized persons (e.g., those living in households, college housing, or military housing located within the United States) and institutionalized persons (e.g., those living in prisons, nursing facilities, or other healthcare facilities). Institutionalized persons made up 1 percent of all 18- to 24-year-olds in 2022. Data for 2020 are not presented in this table due to collection issues associated with the coronavirus pandemic. Race categories exclude persons of Hispanic ethnicity. Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.
SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, American Community Survey (ACS), 1-Year Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) data, 2012 through 2022. (This table was prepared October 2023.)

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